MASS MEDIA Mass media ek term hai jise use kiya gaya hai media ke use section ko denote karne ke liye jise specifically invision or design kiya gaya hai ek bahut hi bade audience tak pahunchne ke liye. 1920 mein yah term coin hua. Mass communication media ki madad se ek hi samay per hajaron logon ko message deliver kiya ja sakta hai. Is message ke author aamtaur per organisations hote hai aur audience aamtaur per individuals. Mass media ko various reasons ke liye use kiya ja sakta hai jaise ki business aur social concern jismein advertising, marketing, propaganda aur political communication include hote hain. Ise public service announcement or entertainment, enrichment, education ke liye bhi use kiya ja sakta hai. Internet media mein TV, personal web page, podcast or blogs aate hain. JOURNALISM Journalism ek discipline hai joki current events, trends, issues aur people ke regarding information ko collect, analyse, verify aur present karta. Journalism practice karne walon ko journalist kahate Hain. Europe mein 1500s mein printed text ke development aur wide spread use se yah produce hua. Pahli bar ek single message ko bahut chhote error ke sath duplicate kiya ja sakta tha aur hajaron logon mein distribute kiya ja sakta tha. Pahle ise religious text aur argument ko propagate karne ke liye use kiya gaya aur jald hi ise news, entertainment aur government regulations distribute karne ke liye use kiya jane laga . New oriented journalism ko "first rough draft of history" ki tarah describe kiya jata hai kyunki journalist bohot hi chote deadline par important events record kar news articles produce krte hai. Pressure ke dauran bhi news media organisation usually apne reports ko publication ke pahle proofread aur edit karti hai taki vah apne standards of accuracy, quality or style par khade utar paye. BROADCASTING AND TELECASTING Broadcasting large group se belong karne wale number of recipients tak audio or video signals ke distribution ko bolte hai. Yah group general public ya uske andar ek bada audience ho skta hai. Is tarah internet channel text ya music ko worldwide distribute kar sakta hai jabki ek workplace ka public address system uske range ke bheetar ek chote population tak bohot limited ad hoc sound bites broadcast kr skta hai. Television or radio programs frequency bands ke zariye radio broadcasting ke through distribute kiya jata hai aur yah radio band Communications Commission ke dwara highly regulated hota hai. Regulation mein band ke width, range ka determination, licensing, receiver aur transmitter ke types or acceptable content include kiye jate hai. Radio, television ke saath saath cable programs ko bhi broadcast kiya jata hai but isme audience limited hote hain. Cable, subscription based channel or pay per view services bhi enable karta hai signal ko code karke aur gharo per decoding equipment lagakar. Ek hi broadcasting organisation ek hi time pe various channel ke dwara various programs broadcast kar sakta hai. Do aur do se jyada organisations ek channel share karke use kar sakte hai. Digital radio digital television multiplex programming transmit kar sakta jismein bahut sare channel ek set me compress hote h. Jab internet ke dwara broadcasting Kiya jata hai use web casting bolte hain. 2004 mein number of technologies ko combine karke podcasting produce kiya gya. Podcasting ek asynchronous broadcast ya narrowcast medium hai. INTERNET Internet ko "network of networks" ki tarah samjha ja sakta hai. Specifically yah ek interconnected computer networks ka worldwide, publicly accessible network hai jo standard internet protocol use karke packet switching ke zariye data transmit karta hai. Yah saikdon chhote domestic, academic, business aur governmental network se bana hai jo sath milkar electronic mail,online chat jaise services aur World Wide Web ke documents, Interlinked web pages Jaise information ko carry karta hai. Internet or worldwide web synonymous nahin hai. Internet, copper wire, fibre optic cable, wireless connection se link kiye gaye interconnected computer networks ka collection hai. Web, hyperlinks or URLs ke dwara connect kiye gaye interconnected documents ka collection hai. World Wide Web internet ke dwara accessible hota hai. PUBLISHING Literature ya information ke production se concerned industry publishing industry hai. Kuchh cases mein author hi khud apne publishers ho sakte hain. Traditionally publishing term books or newspapers jaise printed works ke distribution ko refer krta hai. Digital information systems aur internet ke aane ke bad publishing ka scope expand hokar website blogs or similar chijon ko bhi include karne laga hai. As a business publishing, newspaper, magazine, books, literary works, musical works, software ke development, marketing, production, or distribution ko include karta hai. Publishing ek legal concept ki tarah bhi important hai1.Ek process ki tarah jo duniya ko ek significant intention ke bare mein formal notice deta hai, for example bankruptcy 2.Defamation claim karne ke liye ek essential precondition ki tarah MOBILE Mobile phone Japan mein 1997 mein introduce kiye gaye per yah mass media 1998 mein bane jab Finland mein pahla downloadable ringing tone introduce kiya gaya. Jald hi bahut sare media content ke forms ko mobile phones mein introduce Kiya gaya. Mobile media content mein 8 billian dollar ke mobile music aur 5 billian dollar ke mobile gaming, news, entertainment or advertising service aate hain. Japan mein mobile phone book itne popular hai ki 10 mein se 5 best selling printed books originally mobile phone books ki tarah release kiye gaye the. Internet se similar mobile bhi ek interactive media hai but internet ke comparison mein iski reach far wider hai. Jaise internet par email, vaise hi mobile mein bhi top application ek messaging services aur SMS text messaging 2.4 billion logon ke dwara use kiya jata hai. Practically dekha jaaye to sabhi internet services aur application virtual world, blogs se lekar multiplayer games tak, sabhi mobile per available hai. Mobile kahin bhi parmanently carry kiya ja sakta hai aur hamesha connected rahata hai jo ise TV ya internet se jyada powerful media banata. Mobile ke pass sabse best audience accuracy hoti hai aur ek single aisa mass media hai jismein sabhi users ke pass bina kisi Credit Card ya PayPal account ya even age limit ke built in payment channel available hai. WhatsApp or WeChat Jaise mobile apps inclusion ke bad mobile shayad mass communication ka sabse popular medium ban gaya hai. IMPACT AND DANGERS OF MASS MEDIA Mass communication ke growth ki vajah se aaj ke time mein pahle to comparison mein bahut jyada information accessible hai. Ek complex or advance society mein information indispensable hai. Humm log ek information hungry society hain. Hume standard off living enhance or maintain karne ke liye facts ke ever increasing amounts chahie. Ham jante hain ki information power hota hai. Har jagah logon ke behaviour, thinking aur expectations alter ho gayi hai aur aage aur bhi mould ho jaenge jab information flood ka full influence feel hoga. Yah claim kiya jata hai ki information ka proliferation aur uske swift distribution ki wajah se human conditions improve honge. 5 major concerns Manipulation- Electronic trickery ke dwara perversion of tuth ek major concern hai. Electronic devices ka clever use karke recorded visuals or audio material ka meaning alter kiya ja sakta hai. Privacy- Innovation of privacy ko lekar innumerable complaints huye hai. Social Scientists or Policy Planners ke liye public interest ke saath saath right off privacy ko co relate karna ek major problem ban chuka hai. Security- Government or Institutional institutional violation of security ek major concern ban chuka hai. Computer systems mein secret government information, private financial transactions or institutional records ka protection ek major concern ban chuka hai. Democratic Process- Jab voters sare problems aur issues ke bare mein information rakhenge tab democracy best function karega. Jo logon Ko interest karta hai vahi sunkar aur dekhkar vah intelligently vote nahin kar sakta. Education of citizenry mein yah power of selectivity ek limitin factor ban sakta hai. Isolation- Communication revolution global community ko sath laane ke saath saath individuals or small group ko isolate bhi karta hai. Crowds ke sath interact krne ke bajay couples aur family ghar per baithkar television aur video dekhte hain. Jo small screen mein appear hota hai usi ke bare mein awareness rah jaati hai. Yah log often visually drugged lgte hai. Workers ab office jaaye bina ghar per personal computers ke dwara kam karta hai. Group dynamics ka yeh loss, intense media users ko psychiatric help lene ko force Karta hai. Yah negative influence abhi tak ek bada problem nahin hai, but aage jakar ek bada problem ban sakta hai. IMPACT OF JOURNALISM TV ke sath keep up krne ke liye contemporary journalism increasingly pictorial hota ja raha hai. Politics main emphasis dene ke saath saath social economic or environmental issues bhi discuss ho rahe hain. Iski vajah se circulations aur revenue mein drastic jumps aaye hain. Intelligentsia largely newspaper readers se constituted hai. Press ka influence circulation statistics se far wider hai iska ek "multiplier effect" hai jo iske message ko far aur wide spread karta hai. Press ne poverty issues, corruption aur unemployment ko acchi tarike se highlight kar ruling class ko ek sense of guilt diya hai. India ke major political developments ke liye press responsible hai. Public issues mein ek healthy debate generate karne ki capacity press ke pass hai. Increasing literacy ki wajah se future me press ke liye infinite possibilities hai. Blatantly biased reporting ke kuchh instances ko chhodkar Indian press ne high degree of social responsibility dikhayi hai. Lekin press ko political aur corporate warfare ke liye ek battleground ki tarah use kiya ja raha hai. Isse invasion of privacy, reputation smearing aur deception practice jaise problems badhti jaa rhi hai. IMPACT OF RADIO AND TELEVISION India mein lagbhag 3 karod receiving sets radio programs to receive karte. Radio na keval logon ko educate aur inform karta hai balki entertainment ka bhi ek effective medium hai. All India Radio ke home service programs 19 bhashaon mein aur 146 dialects mein transmit kiye jaate hain vahin vividh nharati programme 13 ghante per day aur 185 transmitters ke through transmit hote hain. External service broadcast 17 foreign language for 8 Indian language mein hai. External service foreign listeners ko important issues mein India ka view point deta hai aur India ke cultural heritage uske art, literature, music or social economic development ko project karta hai. Television insano ke greatest inventions mein se ek hai jiske pass dusre mass media jaise ki radio aur newspaper ke upar ek edge hai. Yah ek multimedia system hai jo visual medium se predominated hai. Aaj ke samay per mass education ek urgent need hai aur ise accept kiya gaya hai ki communication media social change ko accelerate karne mein madad karta hai awareness create karta hai aur masses mein scientific temper ko inculcate karta hai. Masses mein desired attitude ko instill karne ka power TV ke pass hai. Masses ke perception emotion or outlook pay TV ka bahut bada influence hai. Delhi Kendra ke inauguration aur UNESCO grant ke sath September 15, 1959 ko ek experiment television service India mein introduce kiya gaya. August 1965 se entertainment or information programs introduce kiye gaye. 1972 ke bad bahut sare television centres existence mein aaye. Bahut log TV ko responsible hold karte hain violence incite karne mein youth ko corrupt karne mein aur ek main believe word hai create kar reality of life se dur rakhne me. But agar TV disctract or distort kar sakta hai to woh instructor aur inspire bhi kar sakta hai. TV news presentation ke liye idol medium hai. TV news audience ko ek sense of excitement aur involvement deta hai jo ki koi aur medium nahin de sakta. IMPACT OF FILMS Cultural, linguistic diversity or illiteracy ke problem ki wajah se India mein films mass communication ke sabse powerful medium hai. Unke universal language ke tahat films ek considerable extend Tak cultural aur linguistic barriers cut kar sakte hai. Films information carry karne ke saath saath change aur modernisation ke liye ek yearning create kar sakte hai. Films camera angles, photography ke mechanical tricks, close-ups use kar, suspense or illusion build up kar human elements are story ko appropriate sequence men bandhkar social awareness aur strong emotions ujagar kar sakta hai. Films lasting impact ke sath feelings aur emotions ko bahut hi dramatically inform,inspire or express kar sakte hai. Films performing, visual artist aur film maker ke bich mein ek creative collaboration ki demand karte hai. 20s me films ko ek art form ki tarah recognise kiya gaya aur versatile means of communication ka claim diya gya. Human interest ke sabhi subjects per film ko produce kiya jaane Laga aur ismein feature films documentaries aur news reels shaamil hai. 21st century mein pure world mein India ke pass largest number of illiterates hai. Iss vajah se in illiterates ke saath proper communication ki urgent need hai. Films bahut had tak is need ko fulfill karte hai kyunki garib logon ke pass audio visual entertainment ke liye film hi ek meaningful access hai. Indian film industry world main largest film producer hai jo on average 750 film har sal 16 language mein produce karti hai. IMPACT OF INTERNET Internet chosen time or transcending space mein multi modal interactive communication ke liye ubiquitous capacity provide karta hai. Internet ek nai technology nahin hai aur 1969 mein internet ke ancestor ARPANET ko deploy Klkiya gaya tha. 1990s main ise privatise kiya gaya aur US Department Of Commerce ke control se release kar pure duniya mein diffuse kiya gaya. Internet itna popular hai ki use har koi use karta hai. Koi bhi insan jo uske central main network se connect hona chahe internet ko access kar sakta hai. Kisi bhi age aur condition ke users internet ko access kar sakte hai. Internet ke bahut sare positive effects hain. Internet search engines information retrieve karne ke liye best systems hai. Local restaurant se lekar international news tak sare informations internet users ko available hai. Most effective means of communications jaise ki online emailing or instant messaging internet ke dwara available hai. Hurricane, storms or accidents ko internet ke dwara track kar, action le kar adverse circumstances ko avoid kar sakte hain. Internet, scientists, university professors aur students ke bich ideas or material ke interchange ko allow karta hai. Research or scholarly activity ke liye online tool, resource centre or server provide karta hai. Libraries se public domain material ke digitisation ke bad hajaron books, journals aur material internet per available hai jisse log sabhi prakar ke naye chijen sikh sakte hain. Internet ke kuch negative effects bhi hai. Internet per illegal aur inappropriate materials available hai. Free mein copyrighted material ya music ko illegally download kiya ja sakta hai jisse music industry par negative impact padta hai. Logon ke way of living aur professional activity online social network ke addiction se hamper ho sakti hai. Criminals internet ko computer virus spread karne ke liye ya credit card aur bank details steal karne ke liye use krte hai.