1.
2.
3.
4.
1
Flooding)
Gas Absorption)
2
1
semi-log scale
Pressure Drop
Flooding
2
3
1.5 L / min, 2 L / min
100 L / min
0.003419 min-1
2.5 L / min
2.5 L / min
0.00205 min-1 ,0.00274 min-1
..................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
1
..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2
.........................................................................................................................
2.1
Flooding) ..............................................................................................................
2.2
Gas Absorption)...............................................................................................................
2.3
absorbent) .................................................................................
2.4
..........................................................................................................................
2.5
............................................................................................................................
2.6
(Rate of absorption).............................................................................................
2.7
......................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
5
..................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2.1
Dry packing and Wet packing
2.2
packed column
2.3
Operating line Equilibrium line
2.4
packing column
2.5
NTU)
NTP) :(a) NTU = NTP; (b) NTU > NTP
4.1
4.2
3
4
5
6
7
18
19
CO2
L/min
16
L/min
16
L/min
17
19
6
1
Gas absorption)
Absorbent)
Absorbent)
1
Flooding)
1.2.1.1
absorption column)
1.2.1.2
2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
Gas Absorption)
absorption column)
7
2
2.1
Flooding)
(Flooding point)
pressure drop)
(Flooding point)
2.2
packed column
Gas Absorption)
2
2.2.1
(Turbulent)
diffusion
2.2.2
Molecular
2
O, CH,
2.3
CO2
absorbent)
.1
.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
flooding
8
2.4
2.4.1
Turbulent)
(Laminar)
molecular diffusion
2.4.2
Turbulent)
eddy diffusion
main body
Transfer zone)
Gas film
Gas film)
Liquid film)
Pressure Drop)
Packing,
,
2.1
Dry packing
and Wet packing
9
2.1
Dry packing
Wet packing)
1
2
1
loading point
flooding point
2
2.5
differential
2.2
:
packed column
packed column
La + V = L + V a
LaXa + Vy = Lx + Vaya
A:
2.2
(1)
(2)
V
L
x
:
A:
Operating line
La + Vb = Lb + Va
LaXa + Vbyb = Lbxb + Vaya
differential
y
(3)
(4)
(5)
5
x
y
10
2.6
(Rate of absorption)
packing column
x
y
mole fraction
r = kya (y-yi)
r = kya (xi-x)
r = kya (y-y*)
r = kya (x*-x)
interface (yi , xi)
Operating line
*
(9)
(6)
(7)
(10)
(yi , xi)
Operating line
2.3
2.3
The overall driving forces
x
y
Equilibrium curve
slope
-kxa kya
Operating line
Kya
Equilibrium line
Equilibrium line
Kxa
(11)
(12)
11
2.7
4
Kya
Kya
k xa
kya
packed column
dZ
2.4
SdZ
S
V
dZ
-Vdy = Kya(y-y*) SdZ
V, S
Kya dZ
-vdy
(13)
(14)
2.4
packing column
(15)
15)
NTU), Noy
Noy
15)
HTU),Hoy
Noy
y-x
Hoy
ZT = HoyNoy
(16)
12
Operation line
Equilibrium line
2.6 (a)
(17)
operation line
equilibrium line
2.6 (b
yb-ya
yb-ya
2.5
straight operating
NTU)
(a) NTU = NTP; (b) NTU > NTP
equilibrium lines
NTP) :
(18)
yb-ya*
ya-ya*
18)
(19)
Hy
13
4
Gas film:
(20)
Liquid film:
(21)
Overall gas:
(22)
Overall Liquid:
(23)
14
1. Phenolphthalein
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
15
16
Packed Column Absorber
Packed Column Absorber
17
(Flooding)
column
manometer
SV
column
V
V , FCV
V
18
V,
V,
column
V
column
V
V
V
FCV
FVC
rotameter
V,
column
V,
V
V
V
column
V
FCV
Fl
manometer
semi-log scale
loading and flooding point
19
(Gas Absorption)
column
manometer
SV
column
V
V , FCV
V,
column
V
V,
V
V
column
V
V
20
FCV
FVC
rotameter
V,
column
V,
V
V
V
column
V
flooding)
21
:
Absorption column
L/min
L/min
inches water
L/min
inches water
L/min
22
L/min
L/min
inches water
23
Flooding Point
P, (Inches water/ft packing)
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Air mass verosity flux, Gy (lbm/ft2 hr)
Gx = 2765.11 lbm/ft^2*hr
Gx= 3686.81 lbm/ft^2*hr
Gx=4608.51 lbm/ft^2*hr
4.1
Pressure
Drop
point Pressure Drop
Gy
266.30 lbm/ft2hr
inH2O/ft
loading point
Flooding point)
2765.11 lbm/ft2hr
loading
120 L/min
Flooding point Pressure Drop
140 L/min
Gy
310.69 lbm/ft2hr
1.5 L/min
inH2O/ft
Gx
Pressure Drop
244.32 lbm/ft2hr
3686.81 lbm/ft2hr loading point
110 L/min
Gy
Flooding point Pressure Drop
inH2O/ft
120 L/min
Gy
lbm/ft2hr
Pressure Drop
199.73 lbm/ft2hr
4608.51 lbm/ft2hr loading point
0 L/min
Gy
Flooding point Pressure Drop
inH2O/ft
2
100 L/min
Gy
222.92 lbm/ft hr
.0 L/min
inH2O/ft
.5 L/min
inH2O/ft
Gx
Gx
24
:
Absorption
column
CO2
L/min
L/min
CO2
ml
1
L/min
2
3
(mol/L)
ml
x 10-4
6.834 x 10-4
9.500 x 10-4
Kxa
0.00205
0.00274
0.003419
0.004
0.003419
Kxa
0.0035
0.00274
0.003
0.0025
0.00205
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
L/min
4.2
Column packed bed
Intralox saddles (Ceramic)
25
5
1
Flooding)
1.5 L/min, 2 L/min, 2.5 L/min
3
wet packing
Flooding
point
2
2.5 L /min
2.5 L/min
1
absorption column)
1.5 L/min, 2 L / min
100 L/min
Flooding)
1.
2.
Flooding)
2
1.
absorption column)
26
27
Air mass velocity flux, G'air
G'air
L/min)
A
ft
:
A= r
A=
A=
G'air =
ft #
L/min
atm
ºC Air
lbm/ft
ส
ึ#
#
Water mass velocity flux, G'water
G'water
A
L/min)
ft ; A =
ft #
28
G'water =
L/min
atm
ºC
lbm/ft
#
CO
H O)
CO
H CO
NaOH
CO
HO
M
H CO Carbonic acid)
NaOH + H CO
Na CO
HO
NaOH : H CO
3.1
L/min,
CO
L/min
L/min
ml
M
ml
CNaOH)(VNaOH) = CH CO VH CO
mol/L) x (
ml)] = (CH CO x (
CO
x
3.2
ml)
mol/L #
L/min,
CO
L/min
L/min
ml
M
ml
CNaOH)(VNaOH) = CH CO VH CO
mol/L) x (
CO
ml)] = (CH CO x (
x
mol/L #
ml)
29
3.3
L/min,
CO
L/min
L/min
ml
M
ml
CNaOH)(VNaOH) = CH CO VH CO
mol/L) x (
ml)] = (CH CO x (
CO
x
Air
ml)
mol/L #
MPa
CO
MPa
cm
cm
Water flow rate
L/min
CO
xa
CO
xb
CO
Ya
CO
Yb
CO
xa
xb :
x
CO
CO
mol/L
xa=
NaOH
M
CO
30
CO
ºC =
x
VH O = VSolution - VCO
VH O =
ml
VH O =
ml
ml #
ºC =
molH O =
molH O #
CO
molCO
x
xb =
molCO #
x
#
g/cm
g/cm
31
Yb :
CO
PCO
Yb × Ptotal
#
Ya
CO2
massin = massout
La + Vb = Lb + Va
Laxa + Vbyb = Lbxb + Vaya
CO2
lean gas
La=Lb=L
Lxa + Vyb= Lxb + Vya
80 L/min
2 L/min
L
liquid phase
V
Vapor phase
Ya =
Ya =
Ya = 0.229 #
Va=Vb=V
32
y* =HconstantX*
Hconstant
=2400 ; R.Sander
Boundary condition 1 : T=298 K, HCp=3.3×10-4
Boundary condition 2 : T=302 K, HCp =HCp
#
y* =HconstantX*
y* = 207.162X*
33
-
Operating line
CO2
Equilibrium line
CO2
assume
CO2
5.
Zr = HOXNOX
Zr
HOX
NOX
Equilibrium line
Transfer unit
Transfer unit
34
#
#
#
1.5, 2
3
2.5 L/min
35
L
CO2
r2 = 6.648x10-3 m2
S
#
2 L/min
#
2.5 L/min
#
1.5 L/min
36
37