SELF-LEARNING MODULE IN CAREGIVING-8
Quarter 1/Week 5
Name: ________________________________
Grade and Section: ___________________
School: _________________________________ LRN: _______________________________
Subject Teacher: _____________________________________
I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Perform computations involving Ratio, Proportion ,Conversion of measurements
2. Compute Oral Dosages
II. SUBJECT MATTER:
Topic:
Perform Calculations and Conversions TLE_ HECGPM7/8-Og-4
Materials:
Prepared Module, Activity , Assessment test
III. LEARNING RESOURCES:
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module Caregiving Exploratory Course
Grade 7/8 pp. 34-56
IV. PROCEDURES/LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
Information Sheet 5
Perform Calculations
Ratios, fractions, and proportions describe relationships between numbers.
1. Ratio -is a quick way to compare numbers. It uses a colon between the numbers in relationship.
Example.:
6:12
8:12
2:7
2. Fraction, - is a part of a whole or a portion of a certain number. It uses slash between numbers
in the relationship.
Example:
4/3
7/5
3/4
3. Proportion - is an equation written in the form stating that two ratios are equivalent. to show that
3:6 is equal to 9:18, we would write:
3:6::9:18 or
3/6 = 9/18
5:8::10:16 or
5/8 = 10/16
RATIOS AND FRACTIONS:
If 1 pad has 20 tablets, then the number of pads compared to the number of tablets is 1 to 20.
In ratio, it is written as:
1:20
In fraction, it is written as: 1/20
If there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients in a hospital, what would be the ratio?
What would be the fraction?
In ratio, it is written as:
5:35
In fraction, it is written as: 5/35
or
1/7
Using fractions in proportions
WHAT IS AN “X”?
Finding the value of X is very important in dosage calculations. X is the unknown amount or quantity
we are going to compute so we can identify what is being asked for in an equation.
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Ratios in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication.
Note: The product of the means is equivalent to the product of the extremes.
Means are the middle quantities
Extremes are the external quantities
3. Solve for the value of X
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
3 nurses = 6 nurses
15 patients
JP Laurel corner Quirino Drive, Brgy. Poblacion, Kidapawan City
Telephone No. (064) 5724144/064 5779654
Website: depedkidapawan city.com Email: kidapawacity@deped.gov.ph
1
30 patients
Name of Writer: Helen Z. Java
Subject: TLE-CAREGIVING
Grade Level: 8
Example 1:
How many caregivers will take charge of 15 patients if 6 caregivers handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation.
X : 15 patients :: 6 caregivers: 30 patients
Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Multiply the means (middle) using
the left side and multiply the extremes (external items) using the right side. Put an equal sign
between both sides.
15 patients x 6 caregivers= X x 30 patients
Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to
15 patients x 6 caregivers = X x 30 patients
90 = 30 X
90 / 30 = X
or
X = 3 caregivers
Therefore, 3 caregivers will take charge of 15 patients while 6 caregivers handle 30 patients.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation.
3 caregivers : 15 patients :: 6 caregivers : 30 patients
Example 2:
Find the value of X using the equation given below:
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: X : 3 tablets
To compute:
10 tablets x X = 2500 mg x 3 tablets
10 X = 7500 mg
X = 7500 / 10
X = 750 mg
Check and complete the equation
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: 750 mg : 3 tablets
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Fractions in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication.
3. Solve for the value of X.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
Example 1:
How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation.
_ X
= 6 nurses
15
30 patients
Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a cross multiplication
X
= 6 nurses
15 patients
30 patients
15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients
Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to
15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients
90 = 30 X
90 / 30 = X
X = 3 nurses
Therefore, 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation
2
Below is a table of most commonly used measurements with its corresponding conversions.
DOSAGE CALCULATION CONVERSIONS
1 liter (L)
1 ounce (oz)
1 ounce (oz)
1 milliliter (ml)
1 gram (g)
1 pint
1 milligram
1 kilogram (kg)
1 kilogram (kg)
1 inch (in) (")
ounces (oz)
8 ounces (oz)
grains (gr) X
240 milliliters (ml)
1 coffee
1 cup
1 quart
1 quart
1 centimeter
1 glass
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
1000 milliliters (ml)
30 milliliters (ml)
2 tablespoons (tbsp)
1 cubic centimeter (cc)
1000 milligrams (mg)
500 milligrams (mg)
1000 micrograms (mcg)
1000 grams (g)
2.2 pounds (lb)
2.5 centimeters (cm
1 cup (c)
240 milliliters (ml)
650 milligrams (mg)
1 cup (c)
cup 6 ounces
8 ounces
1 liter
2 pints
10 millimeters
12 ounces
subtract 32 then divide by 1.8
multiply by 1.8 then add 32
METRIC CONVERSIONS
There are instances when we need to convert a unit of measurement to another when calculating
for drug dosages.
The metric system of measurements is based on a number of basic measures or units.
QUANTITY
UNIT
SYMBOL
length metre m
metre
m
mass gram g
gram
g
volume litre l
litre
l
time second s
second
s
CALCULATING ORAL DRUG DOSAGES
Glance at Oral Drugs
Oral drugs are substances which are administered orally can be in the form of tablet, capsule,
or liquid. It is mostly available in a limited number of strengths or concentrations. It is, therefore,
very important that you have the skill to calculate prescribed dosages for different drug forms
Interpreting Oral Drug Labels
For you to administer an oral drug safely, you must make sure that it is the correct drug with the
right dosage. Therefore, it is very vital that you would be able to read and interpret oral drug
labels.
1. Identify the Drug Name
Know the difference between the brand name and generic name. Verify the generic name first.
If the drug has two names, the generic name usually appears in lowercase print and
sometimes in parentheses. Generic names - are the active ingredients in the medicine.
Whether the brand name of generic name is used, be very careful when reading the label to
avoid errors. Brand names- a drug that has a trade name and is protected by a patent (can be
produced and sold only by the company holding the patent)
2. See the Dosage Strength
3. Check the Expiration Date
Rules in Calculating Drug Dosages
1. Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses.
2. Be careful in placing decimal and zero.
3. Double-check strange answers.
3
Activity 1.Let’s solve it!
Direction: Find the answer to each problem.
A. There are 3 caregivers for every 15 senior citizens. For 125 senior citizens, 25
caregivers will be needed?
1. Using fraction, how will you write the proportion?
2. Using ratio, how will you write in proportion?
B. Solving the value of X using Ratio in Proportion. 5 points each.
1. How many caregivers will take charge of 10 patients if 8 caregivers handles 40
patients?
2. How many mg of a drug are in 4 capsules if 3 capsules contain 1500 mg?
C. Using the table below supply the missing measurements. Write your answer on the
space provided :
Milliliter
liters
ounces
pints
cups
quarts
gallon
1._____
.24 liters
2._____
3._______
1 cup
4.______
5.______
4
Activity 2. Completion Test
Direction: Read the statement carefully and write the word to make the sentence complete and
correct. Select your answer inside the box and write it on the space provided.
Drug label
brand name generic names
measure
Measure
drugs
brand names
Value of X oral
Oral
drugs equation
drug label
trade name
Value of X
dosage
drug forms
equation
generic names
_________1. Use the correct units of ________ to avoid errors in calculating doses.
_________ 2. Finding the _________ is very important in dosage calculations.
_________3. ________ are substances which are administered orally can be in the form of
tablet, capsule,or liquid.
_________4. The 4th step in solving the value of X using Ratios in Proportion is double
check your work by completing the _______.
_________5. If the drug has two name the _______ is always in parenthesis.
_________6. ________ are the active ingredients in the medicine.
_________7. Reading carefully the _______ is important when administering medicines.
_________8. To administer an oral drug safely, you must make sure that it is the correct drug
with the right _______.
_________9. Brand names is a drug that has a _______ and is protected by a patent (can be
produced and sold only by the company holding the patent).
________10. It is, therefore, very important that you have the skill to calculate prescribed
dosages for different ________.
Activity 3. Let’s enumerate!
Direction: Give what is asked for:
A. What are the important information to found in drug label.
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
B. What are the steps in solving the value of x using ratio in proportion
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
7. ________________________________
C. What are the Rules in Calculating Drug Dosages
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
IV. Assessment:
Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read the statement carefully and writer your answer on the space provided:
_________1. Which of the following is a true statement?
A. Oral drugs can also be rectal drugs.
B. Oral drugs can be in tablet, capsule and suppository form.
C. Oral drugs can be in the form of capsule, pills or tablets.
D. Oral drugs can be taken through the skin pores.
________2. The unknown value in calculation is usually represented by
A. A
B. X
C. Y
D. XY
________3. Which of the following is NOT included in interpreting an oral drug labels ?
A. Identify the Drug Name
C. See the Dosage Strength
B. Check the Expiration Date
D. Double Check drug dosages
_______4. What is the fourth step to be done when in solving the value of X using
fractions in proportion?
A. Prepare the equation.
B. Solve for the value of X
C. Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication
D. Double check your work by completing the equation
5
________5. The following are rules in calculating Drug dosages EXCEPT:
A. Analyze the problem given
.
B. Be careful in placing decimal and zero
C. Double-check strange answers
D. Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses
6-10. Convert the following:
_________6. 98 °F = °C
A. 36.67°C.
B. 36.30°C
C. 36.35°C
D. 36°C
_________7. 32°C = ______°F
A. 89°F
B. 89.6°F
C. 89.7°F
D. 89.9°F
_________8. 24 coffee cups = ________ glasses
140 ounces
B. 142 ounces C. 144 ounces D. 146 ounces
_________9. 36 ounces = ________ glasses
A. 2 glasses
B. 3 glasses
C. 4 glasses
D. 5 glasses
._________10. 480ml = ________cups
A. .1 cup
B. 2 cups
C. 3 cups
D. 4 cups
.
_________11. Rosemarie weighs 15 kg and scheduled to receive .5ml/kg of her medicine.
How many ml should the patient receive?
A. 7 ml
B. 7.5 ml
C. 75 ml
D. 88.67ml
_________12. Determine the weight of your patient in kilograms who weighs 105 lbs.
A. 47.7 kg
B. 47.2 kg
C. 42.7 kg
D. 42.2 kg
_________13. How many milligrams of a medicine are in 5 capsules if 3 capsules contain 15
mg?
A. 10 mg
B. 15 mg
C. 20 mg
D. 25 mg
_________14. 3,600ml/day is equal to _______
A.2.5 ml/min
B. 2.2 ml/min C, 2.0 ml/min
D. 1.7 ml/min
_________15. Liezel was ordered by the doctor to take 500 mg of a paracetamol every 6
hours. Each paracetamol contains 250 mg. How many paracetamol will be
taken in a day?
A. 2 pcs
B. 4 pcs
C. 6 pcs
D. 8 pcs
VI. LEARNING AGREEMENT:
As needed
__________________________________
Name and Signature of Parent/Guardian
______________
Date
6
7
KEY ANSWER:
Activity 1
A.
3/15 = 25/125
3:15::25:125
B. 1. 2 caregivers: 10 patients : : 8 caregivers : 40 patients
2. 3 capsules : 1500 mg : : 4 capsules : 2000 mg
C. 1. 240
2. 8
3. ½
4. ¼
5. 1/16
Activity 2
1. Measure
2. Value of x
3. Oral drugs
4. Equation
5. Brand names
6. Generic names
7. Drug labels
8. Dosage
9. Trade name
10. Drug forms
Activity 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Identify the dug name
See the dosage strength
Check the expiration date
Prepare the equation
Start with the solution by doing a multiplication
Solve for the value of x
Double check your work by completing the equation
8. Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses.
9. Be careful in placing decimal and zero.
10. Double-check strange answers.
Assessment:
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. D
15. D
8
9