Atoms and Elements Learning Objective To understand the difference between atoms and elements. Success Criteria • To state what an atom and element are. • To describe the parts of an atom. • To identify elements on the periodic table. The Particle Model How would the particles be organised in each of the states below? solid liquid gas What is an Atom? Recall that all matter – living AND non-living, is made of small particles called atoms. Atoms are smaller than cells! How small is an atom? The Smallest Piece of Matter Cut a paper in half. Take one of the halves and cut it in half again. Each half of the paper has the same properties as the original paper. How many times are you able to cut the paper in half before it is too small to cut anymore and reach the size of an atom? This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy 1 This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 Line up scraps from large to small. www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy This is the product of Ryan Murphy Copyright 2010 www.sciencepowerpoint.com Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level • Fifth level Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level • Fifth level Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level • Fifth level Making of (Optional) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_8LHqwYMKY Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The Smallest Piece of Matter If you had the technology to do it, how many times do you think you would have to cut your strip of paper in half before you reached the point it could no longer be divided? 90! After 90 cuts your paper would be 1 × 10-10 metres (that’s 0.0000000001 metres!). This is the radius of one atom. What are other small things? What is the smallest thing you can see? What is the smallest thing you know about? animal cell virus water molecule plant cell DNA atom 0.1nm bacterial cell grain of salt 1nm 10nm 100nm 1μm 10μm 100μm 1mm What is an Atom? Draw on the whiteboard how you think an atom looks! If you can, add any words that you know describes the parts of an atom! Atoms It wasn’t until 1803 that John Dalton formed the atomic theory of matter. • He imagined atoms to be tiny spheres. • He thought that all matter was made of atoms. • He thought that atoms could not be created, destroyed, or broken down into anything else (although we now know that this isn’t the case). Atom: The smallest unit of matter. Size & Shape of Atoms Do you recognize any words that describe the parts of an atom? Parts of an atom An atom is made of different parts: • Nucleus • • • Protons Neutrons Electrons Parts of an atom The center of the atom is the nucleus! Parts of an atom Protons are located inside the nucleus Protons have a positive (+1) charge! Parts of an atom Neutrons are located inside the nucleus Neutrons have a neutral charge (no charge)! Parts of an atom Electrons have a negative (-1) charge Where are they located? Charge of An Atom This atom has three protons and three electrons What is the overall charge of the atom? What is an Element? An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. There are 118 elements are found now. • • • • • Oxygen (氧) Gold (金子) Silver (银) Iron (铁) Carbon (碳) Dalton thought that: • All atoms of the same element were identical (we now know it’s not quite this simple!) • Different elements have different types of atoms. Element: A substance made of only one type of atom. Atoms and Elements In the diagrams below, each circle represents one atom of that element. The element gold is made of only gold atoms. One atom of gold is the smallest amount of gold you can get. The element sodium is made of only sodium atoms. One atom of sodium is the smallest amount of sodium you can get. The element iron is made of only iron atoms. One atom of iron is the smallest amount of iron you can get. Candy Model of the atom 1. Arrange the candies on your paper to form an atom of the element you are given. 2. Check with Ms. Jerry that you are correct! 3. Draw your atom on the Element Poster! 4. Eat your atom candies! Consider Extension if you can! Elements and The Particle Model solid gold liquid gold gaseous gold solid iron liquid iron gaseous iron Elements and The Particle Model One atom alone does not have the properties of the element. solid gold liquid gold gaseous gold One atom of gold is not shiny or golden. Only a group of atoms together will look like gold. One atom of gold is not a solid, a liquid or a gas. Only a group of atoms together can melt or boil. Chemical Symbols Each element is represented by a symbol. The symbol comes from the first letter or letters of its name. For elements discovered early on, the symbol usually comes from its Latin or Greek name. For example, the symbol for sodium is Na, which comes from the Latin ‘natrium’. symbol The first letter of the symbol is always capitalised. Any following letters are lower case. The symbol for each element can be found on the periodic table. Proton, neutron and electron number ▶ The atomic number, Z, is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of an element. ▶ For neutral atoms, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. ▶ The mass number, A, is the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus. Atoms and Elements Use the words in the box below to write a definition for each of the key words from this lesson. Atom: The smallest part of an element that can exist. Element: A substance made of only one type of atom. part atom of A substance made can type smallest element The of one exist . only of an that . Create an Element Poster Find your favorite element in the periodic table and make a pretty element poster for your favorite element including: • • • • • • • • • Name of the element Symbol Atomic Number (this is the position number of the atom in the periodic table) Proton, neutron and electron number? Who? Where? When was it discovered? A poem or a pun related to your element. (optional) A list of common uses (minimum of three) Find some bizarre fact about your element - something you believe is unique and relatively unknown by the general population. A picture of the element, or a picture related to one of the element’s uses.
