GENDER SENSITIVITY TRAINING MODULE 1: SEX AND GENDER IDENTITY MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN PANTAWID REGIONAL GAD FOCAL PERSON SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION SUBJECT: WHAT IS MY UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT? OR WHAT COMES IMMEDIATELY TO MY MIND IF I HEAR GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT? SESSION 1: RELEVANCE OF GENDER FOR DEVELOPMENT WHY GENDER IS A DEVELOPMENT ISSUE? The rationale for considering gender can be made using the following statistics: • Women form 50% of the world’s population. • Women perform 2/3 of the world’s work. • Women make up 2/3 of the world’s illiterate population. • Women earn 1/10 of the world’s income. • Women earn less than 1/100 of the world’s property. • Women constitute 70% of the world’s poor living on less than $1/per day. SESSION 2: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION WHAT IS THE MOST OBJECTIONABLE GENDER ISSUE THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A MAN OR A WOMAN? SUBJECT: GENDER SENSITIVITY SEEING – women and men, what they actually do, rather than relying on assumptions HEARING – women and men, their needs, priorities and perspectives COUNTING – the value of women’s work RESPECTING – full dignity of women and men CARING – about women and men and what happen to them GENDER SENSITIVITY Not a war of the sexes Not an anti-male stance Both women and men are victims, although women are affected more than men. In practically ; all cultures, women have a lower status than men. GENDER SENSITIVITY Renaming and reimaging women or men relationships to bring about mutuality and partnership. WHAT IS SEX? SEX ais natural biologically distinguishing assignedvariable to an based on biological attributes individual. SEX refers – to Genitalia, the biological and PHYSICAL Reproductive physiological characteristics that Organs GENETIC – Chromosomes, define men and women Hormones BIOLOGY OF SEX GENITALIA: PENIS, SCROTUM INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: TESTES CHROMOSOMES: HORMONES: XY TESTOSTERONE VAGINA, CLITORIS GENITALIA: INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE UTERUS, OVARIES ORGANS: CHROMOSOMES: XX ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE HORMONES: SEX refers to the: TWO CATEGORIES OF ANIMALS – MALE AND FEMALE – needed for the act of mating to result in biological reproduction. SEX: IN THE REALM OF THE BIOLOGICAL SEX is a biological term; • it is often referred to as the act of mating between two organisms (an act which is part of the process of biological reproduction). • A more technical term for this act is COITUS. ? ? MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN (PENIS): BIRD, COCK, TALONG, HOTDOG, BURAT, TARUGO, MANOY FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN (VAGINA): FLOWER, MANI, TAHONG, KEPYAS, KIKI WHAT IS GENDER? GENDER isrefers what to a the person identifies socially constructed himself or herselfroles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. ANO SA PANGKARANIWAN ANG GENDER? ito ay madalas iniuugnay sa SEX kaya marami ang nalilito tungkol sa pagkakaiba ng sex at gender???? ANO ANG UGNAYAN NG SEX AT GENDER? Sa kalaunan, tinuturing na ring natural ang mga gender characteristics… At dito nagkakaroon ng PROBLEMA… Gender is and not binary; it is a “Male” “Female” “masculine” and spectrum. are sex categories are “feminine” gender categories GENDER Gender refers to the differentiated social roles, behavior, capacities and intellectual, emotional, and social characteristics attributed by a given culture to women and men. The term implies the cultural roles expected of a person. The characteristics attributed to females are labeled as feminine and those attributed to males are labeled as masculine as defined by a given society. Hence, gender construct. is a social • Gender is a variable concept, as its construction varies across cultures and over time. • Definition of masculine and feminine often vary from one race and culture to another. • Variations in gender definitions are due to specific economic, political, and social conditions of each class, culture or era. SEX GENDER What makes one male or female What is masculine or feminine Biologicallydetermined Socially-determined; culturally-defined Refers to physical characteristics Refers to learned behavior SEX GENDER Constant across time Changes over time Constant/same across different societies and cultures May vary in different societies and cultures Gender differences are created, produced, reproduced & maintained by social institutions Gender is multi-dimensional, influencing economic, political & social interactions and needs SEX GENDER In Inone ancient study Egypt, of 224Men cultures, stayed there at home were In Amongst one case, Indian when Agricultural a child brought workers, up as Women can breast – feed babies, men Men have penis, while women have Women voices break have developed at puberty, uterus women’s and 5women indid which weaving. men did Women all– the handled cooking Most building-site workers inof Britain are aMen’s girl learned are paid that 40 he was 60% actually thefamily aand male boy, Feminine and Masculine can bottle – feed babies vagina Male and Female Women Little girls give are birth gentle, to babies, boys men are house tough. do and not. do not. business. 36 inhis which Women women inherited did allproperty the men school remarks wage improved men building did not. dramatically. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY THE PREMISE FOR GENDER SENSITIVITY • • • • • It’s not Pitying Women. It’s not male bashing. It not Anti-male. It’s not a war of sexes. Both Men and Women are VICTIMS of Gender Inequality, although the VICTIMS are more often the women than men. • Both Men and Women have a stake in the struggle for gender equality. GENDER EQUALITY Equality refers to similarity of treatment as it is legally, constitutionally and divinely given. It is a fundamental right. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY The governments legal concept of world gender equality Equality The refers to similarity of the of treatment reaffirmed as their it isis enshrined in the 1948 to Universal Declaration of legally, commitment constitutionally in 1995 and the divinely equal given rights and and is Human Rights as well aswomen United ainherent fundamental human human dignity right. of all andNations men in Convention the Beijing on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which was adopted in 1979 and is also known as the convention on women’s rights. CEDAW, which has been ratified by 100 countries, states clearly and unequivocally that discrimination against women violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY CEDAW states that discrimination against women shall mean DISTINCTION, EXCLUSION, or RESTRICTION made on the basis of sex which has the purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.. GENDER EQUITY Equity refers to a fair sharing of resources, opportunities and benefits according to a given framework. Equity is often viewed as a favour, whereas equality is a fundamental right. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUITY Gender equity is greater concerned with the In the short-term: emphasis in promotion personal, social, will cultural, the genderofequity initiatives be political, and improving economic equality for all. and placed on conditions The term asgender equity girls emerged out of a attitudes they affect and women. growing recognition in society of pervasive In the long-term: these initiatives will gender inequities. also improve the situation for boys and men. STORY TELLING THE STORY OF THE FOX AND THE CRANE The Crane invited the Fox to dinner. She served the food in a deep vase, and so the Fox with his short, wide face could not eat. The Fox invited the Crane to dinner. He served the food on a large flat dish. Both friends had an equal opportunity for nourishment, The Crane with her long,but each time one of them could narrow not take advantage beak could not of eat.this opportunity. IsIs it itTHE SAME? Is the FAIR? EQUAL? the FAIR? IsIs SAME? IsitititTHE EQUAL? Now Our Vision Is To Have A Gender Fair Society THANK YOU SO MUCH… THANK YOU SO MUCH… GENDER Tools of analysis on Gender Issues socially-determined/learned behavior FRAMEWORK SOCIAL AUTHORITIES OF INTERVENTION that perpetuate culture WELFARE GENDER ACCESS CHURCH ISSUES CONSCIENTIZATION STATE that promote PARTICIPATION FAMILY INEQUALITY CONTROL SCHOOL EXPLOITATION MEDIA & counter-dev’t MAINSTREAMING --w/c created and nurtured GENDER BIAS MARGINALIZATION SUBORDINATION VAWC STEREOTYPING MULTIPLE BURDEN an INTEGRATIVE APPROACH for Gender & Development beneficiaries stakeholders awareness- priorities raising WIP programs commitment infrastructure political will resources/budget Development for ALL!
