TYPES OF LICENSES LICENSES SPL PPL CPL ATPL MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEDICAL AGE AGE CERTIFICATE 16 YRS 17 YRS 18 YRS 21 YRS NO UPPER LIMIT / TILL THE TIME IS MEDICALLY FIT NO UPPER LIMIT / TILL THE TIME IS MEDICALLY FIT 60 YRS OR 65 YRS UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS 60 YRS OR 65 YRS UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS VALIDITY CLASS 2 5 YRS CLASS 2 10 YRS CLASS 1 CLASS 1 5 YRS 5 YRS PRIVILEGES LIMITATION CAN FLY AIRCRAFT SOLO(ALONE), WITHOUT AN INSTRUCTOR *CAN’T CARRY ANY PASSENGER. *CAN’T FLY FOR HIRE CAN CARRY PASSENGERS CAN’T FLY FOR HIRE CAN FLY FOR CAN’T ACT AS HIRE (CAN PIC ON AN A/C CARRY PAX & WEIGHING THERE MORE THAN PROPERTY FOR 5700KG (OR) HIRE) 12500 POUNDS CAN ACT AS PIC ON AN A/C WEIGHING MORE THAN 5700KG - TOTAL FLYING HOURS - 40 HRS 200 HRS 1500 HRS MEDICAL CERTIFICATES MEDICAL VALIDITY OF SOMEONE LESS THAN 40 YRS VALIDITY OF SOMEONE 40 YRS & ABOVE CLASS 1 12 MONTHS 6 MONTHS CLASS 2 24 MONTHS 12 MONTHS GO (OR) NO GO DECISION (IM SAFE CHECKLIST) ILLNESS MEDICATION STRESS – ACUTE – SHORT TERM CHRONIC – LONG TERM ALCOHOL – BOTTLE TO THROTTLE - 12 HOURS FATIGUE – ACUTE – SHORT TERM CHRONIC – LONG TERM EATING CABIN CREW REQUIREMENT NO. OF CABIN CREW NO. OF SEATS IN A/C 1 10 – 49 2 50 - 99 3 100 – 149 4 150 - 199 5 200 – 249 6 250 - 299 7 300- 349 NOTE: - HOW MANY CABIN CREW YOU NEED TO CARRY DEPENDS ON NO. OF SEATS IN A/C (SEATING ARRANGEMENT) - LESS THAN 10 SEATS IN YOU’RE A/C – CABIN CREW ARE NOT REQUIRED ON BOARD. FIRST AID KITS NO. OF FIRST AID KITS PAX ON BOARD 1 0 – 100 2 101 - 199 3 200 – 299 4 300 & ABOVE NOTE: HOW MANY FIRST AID KITS ARE REQUIRED ON BOARD DEPENDS ON HOW MANY PAX ARE ON BOARD. IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AERODROME RUNWAY TAXIWAY APPRON APPRON: WHERE A/C’S ARE PACKAGED. TAXIWAY: USED TO TAXING PURPOSE- TO REACH RUNWAY(OR) FROM RUNWAY BACK TO APPRON. RUNWAY: USED FOR TAKE OFF & LANDING. MOVEMENT AREA: APPRON (+) TWY (+) RWY MANUVERING AREA: TWY (+) RWY AIR REGULATION NOTES ICAO – INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION - FORMED ON 7TH DECEMBER 1944 IN CHICAGO CONVENTION - HEADQUARTER – MONTREAL, QUEBEC CANADA - OVER 190 MEMBERS IN INDIA MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION IS RESPONSIBLE TO ICAO. MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION DGCA LICENSES, ETC AAI MAINTAINING AERODROMES/ AIRSPACE, ETC PILOTS PERSONAL DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ON BOARD – (PPM) PILOT’S LICENSE PHOTO ID MEDICAL CERTIFICATE FEW A/C’S DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ON BOARD – (AROW) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE – “FIT TO FLY CERTIFICATE” - ISSUED BY DGCA AGE 0 – 10 YRS VALIDITY 5 YRS 10 – 20 YRS 2 YRS 20 & ABOVE 1 YRS REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE – ISSUED BY CENTRAL GOVT. (MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY) - REGISTER IS MAINTAINED BY DGCA. - VALIDITY – LIFETIME - TELLS YOU ABOUT WHOSE THE CURRENT OWNER OF THE A/C & HIS ADDRESS. OPERATING LIMITATION – (POH) PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK WEIGHT & BALANCE Q. WHEN IS SMOKING PERMITTED ON AN A/C? A. WHEN SMOKING PERMITTED WRITTEN ON COA. Q. WHEN IS FLIGHT ENGINEER REQUIRED ON BOARD? A. WHEN FLIGHT ENGINEER MANDATORY WRITTEN ON COA CATEGORIES OF AN A/C AS PER AIRMEN – AIRPLANE HELICOPTER GLIDER CLASS OF A/C AS PER AIRMEN – SINGLE ENGINE LAND & SEA MULTI ENGINE LAND & SEA CATEGORIES OF AN A/C AS PER A/C – NORMAL UTILITY AEROBATIC – ACROBATIC CLASS OF AN A/C AS PER A/C – AIRPLANE HELICOPTER / - ROTOR CRAFT GLIDER HOT AIR BALLOON RIGHT OF WAY ON TAXIWAY1) 2 A/C’S COMING HEAD ON – A B ANS – BOTH WILL APPLY BREAKS, ALTER THERE COURSE TO THE RIGHT & PASS 2) 2 A/C’S CONVERGING – CASE 1 - A B ANS – “B” A/C HAS RIGHT OF WAY THUMB RULE – A/C WHICH HAS OTHER A/C ON ITS LEFT HAS RIGHT OF WAY. CASE 2 – B A ANS – “A” A/C HAS RIGHT OF WAY, AS “A”A/C HAS “B” A/C ON ITS LEFT IN AIR 3) 2 SAME CATEGORY OF A/C APPROACHING HEAD ON A B ANS – BOTH A/C’S WILL ALTER THERE COURSE TO THE RIGHT & PASS. 4) 2 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF A/C APPROACHING HEAD ON – A B ANS – BOTH WILL ALTER THERE COURSE TO RIGHT & PASS 5) 2 SAME CATEGORIES OF A/C CONVERGING A B ANS – “A” A/C HAS RIGHT OF WAY, AS IT HAS “B” ON ITS LEFT, AS PER THUMB RULE. 6) 2 SAME CATEGORIES OF A/C CONVERGING – A B ANS – “B” HAS RIGHT OF WAY 7) 2 DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF AN A/C CONVERGING NOTE – A/C WHICH IS LEAST MANUVERABLE WILL HAVE RIGHT OF WAY A/C IN DISTRES HOT AIR BALLOON GLIDER A/C TOWING & REFUELING OTHER A/C 8) RIGHT OF WAY WHILE LEADING LANDING A B ANS – “B” WILL HAVE RIGHT OF WAY WHILE LANDING AS IT IS AT LOWER ALTITUDE. AIRSHIP AIRPLANE / HELICOPTER NOTE – A/C WHICH IS AT LOWER ALTITUDE HAS RIGHT OF WAY, PROVIDED IT HAS NOT TAKEN ADVANCE OF THIS RULE. 9) RIGHT OF WAY - IN CASE OF OVER TAKING – A B “A” A/C WILL HAVE RIGHT OF WAY - “B” A/C WILL HAVE TO ALTER ITS COURSE RIGHT & THEN CAN OVERTAKE. - “A” A/C WILL EXPECT “B” A/C TO PASS FROM ITS RIGHT SIDE. - “A” HAS TO MAINTAIN ITS AIRSPEED(SPEED) & HEADING TRAFFIC PATTERN AIRCRAFT IN EMERGENCYMAY DAY MAY DAY MAY DAY AIRCRAFT IN URGENCY – PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN EMERGENCY TRANSPONDER CODES – 7500 – HIJACK 7600 – COMMUNICATION FAILURE 7700 – AIRCRAFT IN DISTRESS ATC LIGHT GUN SIGNALS (IN CASE OF RADIO FAILURE) LIGHT TO AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT TO AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND STEADY GREEN CLEARED TO LAND CLEARED FOR TAKE - OFF STEADY RED GIVE WAY TO OTHER AIRCRAFT AND CONTINUE CIRCLING STOP FLASHING GREEN RETURN TO LANDING CLEARED TO TAXI FLASHING RED AERODROME UNSAFE, DO NOT LAND TAXI CLEAR OF THE LANDING AREA IN USE FLASHING WHITE LAND AT THIS AERODROME AND PROCEED TO APRON RETURN TO THE STARTING POINT ON THE AERODROME RED PYROTECHNIC NOT WITHSTANDING ANY PREVIOUS INSTRUCTIONS, DO NOT LAND FOR THE TIME BEING - AIRCRAFT’S NAVIGATION LIGHTS 1) HEAD ON SITUATION – GREEN & RED LIGHT (OR) WHITE, GREEN & RED LIGHT 2) FLYING AWAY FROM YOU – FLASHING RED & WHITE LIGHT 3) PASSING TO YOUR RIGHT – GREEN & FLASHING RED LIGHT 4) PASSING TO YOUR LEFT – RED & FLASHING RED LIGHT NOTE1) GREEN ON GREEN SIDE YOU ARE ALRIGHT & RED ON RED SIDE YOU ARE ALRIGHT. 2) GREEN ON RED SIDE, YOU ARE NOT ALRIGHT OR VICE – VERSA. 3) ALL LIGHTS HAVE TO BE ON IN NIGHT, (OR) AS PRESCRIBED BY DIRECTOR GENERAL. 4) ANTI – COLLISION LIGHT MANDATORY ON A/C MORE THAN 5700 KG. 5) IF NAVIGATION LIGHTS FAIL DURING NIGHT THEN LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE & GET LIGHTS FIXED. 6) NAVIGATION LIGHTS TELL RELATIVE PATH OF THE AIRCRAFT & ANTI - COLLISION LIGHT BRINGS THE A/C TO ATTENTION OF OTHER A/C. TRANSFER OF CONTROL GROUND TOWER APPROACH GROUND / SMC – SURFACE MOVEMENT CONTROL TOWER / ATZ – AIR TRAFFIC ZONE APPROACH / CTR – APPROACH CONTROL AREA/ CTA – CONTROL AREA FIR (FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION) – RADIO AREA FIR 5 FIR’S ARE THERE IN INDIA DELHI FIR – VIDP MUMBAI FIR – VABB CHENNAI FIR – VOMM KOLKATA FIR – VECC GUWAHATI FIR – VEGT ALL AERODROMES IN INDIA STARTWITH “V”. EG. – VIDP: V: COUNTRY CODE I: FIR D: AREA P: LOCALITY PAPI LIGHTS VASI LIGHT 3 BAR VASI LIGHTS COVERAGE AREA OF VASI/ PAPI IS 4NMS, 6 VERTICAL COVERAGE AND 5 EITHER SIDE OF CENTER LINE DURING DAY AND 7.5 DURING NIGHT HORIZONTAL COVERAGE. CONVENTIONS CHICAGO CONVENTION: Date: 7th December 1944 – “ICAO” was formed, rules framed were termed as “International Standards & Recommend Practices” (or SARPS) & 5 freedoms of air were finalized. TOKYO CONVENTION: Date: 14th September 1963- “Convention on offence & certain other Acts committed on board Aircraft. WARSAW CONVENTION: Date: 12th October 1929 – “Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air”. Convention deals with airlines responsibility & liability for lost or delay of Baggage & matters of compensation for loss of life (or) injury to a passenger. MADRID CONVENTION: 1926- Failed attempt to form ICAO. ROME CONVENTION: 1952- deals with compensation of loss (or) damage caused to third party on surface. HAGUE: 1970- This convention is for “Suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft” Defines the act of unlawful seizure & the measures to be taken by contracting states to enforce severe punishment upon perpetrators. MONTREAL CONVENTION: 1971 – “Convention for Suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of Civil Aviation”, it compliments the Hague Convention. MONTREAL PROTOCOL: 1988- this extended the Montreal Convention to include offence committed at aerodromes serving International Civil Aviation, Including the international use of any device, substance (or) weapon. THE MONTREAL CONVENTION, 1991: Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of detection was signed at Montreal on 1st March, 1991. Note: Tokyo Convention 1963, Hague Convention 1970, Montreal Conventions 1971, 1991 & Montreal Protocol 1988 have been Ratified by India. GENEVA CONVENTION, 1948: This convention protects the rights of seller for Aircraft bought on hire, purchase, lease (or) Mortgage. The Cape town Convention, 2001 & Cape town Protocol, 2001, Date- 16th November 2001 – Dry lease & Wet lease. Authority of Commander: If commander has reasonable believe that any person on board can affect the safety of A/C he can get him restrain that person by giving an order crew member (or) request other passenger to help him in restraining other person. (OR) if commander has reasonable believe a person has committed (or) is about to Commit any offence. He can deliver that person to competent authorities. NOTE: 1) Over high Seas International Civil Aviation laws will apply. 2) If an aircraft is flying over other states territory, Follow the Rules of Air of the State of Registration. 3) If a state cannot comply with an International Standard, state shall give 60days notice to ICAO of the difference between its own practice & International standard & mention difference in national AIP. NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKING IN 1919 ROME CONVENTION, IT WAS DECIDED THAT ALL AIRCARFTS SHOULD HAVE NATIONALITY & REGISTRATION MARKS WHICH SHOULD BE VISIBLE TO EVERYONE. INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNIT [ITU] ISSUES EACH STATE A NATIONALITY MARKS WHICH COULD BE ALPHABETS OR COMBINATION OF ALPHABETS AND NUMBERS TO ICAO & THEN IT IS PASSED ON FURTHER. INDIA WAS BEEN GIVEN NATIONALITY MARK AT TO AW BUT INDIA STILL USES “VT” IN ROMAN CHARACTER FOR CIVIL AIRCRAFTS & “VU” FOR MILITARY AIRCRAFTS, SINCE PRE INDEPENDENCE DAYS. B/W NATIONALITY & REGISTRATION MARK HYPHEN SHOULD BE PLACED. “REGISTRATION MARK” CAN BE ONLY ALPHABETS OR ONLY NUMBERS OR ALPHABETS & NUMBERS. NATIONALITY & REGISTRATION MARK IS DISPLAYED ON FUSELAGE TOWARDS TAIL SIDE [HEIGHT MINIMUM 30CM] & UNDER THE WING [HEIGHT ATLEAST] 50CM. WHITE BACKGROUND , BLACK LETTERS. IF YOU WANT COUNTRY’S FLAG SIGN (OR) OPERATORS/ OWNER’S NAME, IT SHOULD BE PUT IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT DOESN’T EFFECTS NATIONALITY & REGISTRATION MARKS VISIBILITY. IF YOU WANT TO ADVERTISE ON THE A/C, PRIOR PERMISSION FROM DGCA HAS TO BE OBTAINED. REGISTRATION MARKS CAN’T BE DISTRESS PHRASIOLOGY: XXX: URGENCY (MORSE CODE) PAN: URGENCY (CALL) TTT: SECURITY/ SAFETY SOS: SAVE OUR SOULS (DISTRESS) 5 LETTER COMBINATION USED IN INTERNATIONAL CODE CAN’T BE REGISTRATION MARKS (Q CODES) QNH QFE QUJ QTE QDR. ON LIGHTER THAN AIR BALLOON REGISTRATION MARK SHOULD BE MINIMUM HEIGHT 50 CM. AN A/C CAN FLY WITHOUT REGISTRATION MARK ONLY IF PRIOR PERMISSION TAKEN FROM DGCA (FOR PURPOSE LIKE TEST FLIGHTS, ETC). REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE IN INDIA IS ISSUED BY CENTRAL GOVERNMENT & ITS REGISTER IS MAINTAINED BY DGCA. IT IS VALID TILL THE TIME NOT CANCELLED BY DGCA. INDIAN REGISTERED A/C HAS “INDIAN NATIONALITY” & FOREIGN A/C HAS “FOREIGN NATIONALITY”. INFORMATION IN REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE: DATE OF ISSUE: 1ST JUNE 2015 CONSTRUCTOR’S/ MANUFACTURER’S DETAIL: CESSENA NATIONALITY & REGISTRATION MARKING: VT-CCB NAME & ADDRESS OF OWNER: ALPHA AVIATION, INDIA SIGNATURE OF REGISTERING OFFICE: MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION, INDIA. CERTIFICATE OF ENTRY ON REGISTER OF STATE COMMON MARK IS ISSUED TO OPERATORS WHO ARE OPERATING AS A LOCAL CARRIER IN 2 OR MORE STATES. COMMON MARK CAN BE 4YA TO 4YZ . EVEN THOUGH THESE OPERATORS HAVE A COMMON MARK BUT IT CAN BE ONLY REGISTERED IN ONE STATE ONLY AND THAT IS DECIDED BY ICAO AND INFORMED TO THE OPERATOR.
