PERSEPOLIS
A study guide prepared for students of MCC
by Dr. Cecilia Osyanju
The "Persepolis" movie successfully captures the essence of the
graphic novel while taking advantage of the power of animation to
deepen the emotional impact and bring Marjane Satrapi's story to a
wider audience. It remains a thought-provoking cinematic
adaptation that engages viewers in a reflection on the intersection of
personal experience and cultural narratives.
The book, "Persepolis" is a graphic memoir by Marjane Satrapi that
recounts her childhood and early adulthood in Iran during and after
the Islamic Revolution. Through the eyes of a young girl, it provides
a personal perspective on Iran's political and cultural changes,
highlighting themes of identity, freedom, and resilience. The book is
known for its engaging artwork and thought-provoking storytelling.
It is worth mentioning that both the graphic novel "Persepolis" and
its animated movie adaptation offer numerous educational aspects
that we shall delve into in our lesson.
Historical context of Persepolis
Persepolis" provides a personal and intimate portrayal of these
historical events through the eyes of its protagonist, Marjane. By
depicting her experiences and those of her family within this broader
historical framework, the graphic novel offers readers a unique
perspective on the tumultuous period of Iran's recent history.
Pahlavi Dynasty: Before the Islamic Revolution, Iran was ruled by the
Pahlavi dynasty, with Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi as the monarch.
The monarchy was known for its close ties to the West, modernization
efforts, and uneven distribution of wealth.
Islamic Revolution (1979): The Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy. The revolution
resulted in the establishment of an Islamic Republic with Khomeini as
the Supreme Leader. The revolution aimed to replace the monarchy
with an Islamic government and to challenge Western influence.
Cultural and Social Changes: The revolution brought significant
changes to Iranian society, including the enforcement of strict Islamic
laws, mandatory veiling of women, and limitations on personal
freedoms. The cultural landscape shifted as traditional practices
merged with revolutionary ideology.
Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988): Shortly after the revolution, Iran faced a
brutal conflict with neighboring Iraq. The war resulted in widespread
destruction, loss of life, and economic hardships. "Persepolis" depicts
the impact of the war on everyday life and the resilience of the Iranian
people.
Consolidation of the Islamic
revolution saw the consolidation
the suppression of political
crackdowns on perceived threats
Republic: The years following the
of power by the Islamic Republic and
dissent. Censorship, purges, and
to the regime were common.
Post-Revolutionary Period: The post-revolutionary era was marked by
both social and political struggles. The country underwent changes in
education, gender roles, and cultural expression. Many Iranians
experienced challenges in navigating the new social norms and the
ongoing effects of the war.
Emigration and Diaspora: The upheaval caused by the revolution and
the war led to a significant emigration of Iranians to other countries,
often in search of political asylum or better opportunities. Marjane
Satrapi's own experiences of studying abroad and returning to Iran
reflect this aspect of the historical context.
What is a memoir?
A written account or narrative that focuses on an individual's
personal experiences, memories, and reflections.
It typically covers a specific period of their life or significant
events, often providing insights into their thoughts, emotions, and
perspectives.
Memoirs are usually based on actual events and offer a subjective
and intimate portrayal of the author's life, allowing readers to
gain a deeper understanding of their unique journey.
Marjane's personal journey serves as a lens through which readers
gain insight into the broader social, political, and cultural changes
in Iran and the impact they have on individuals' lives. The story is
told with a mix of seriousness and humor, often depicted through
the book's distinct black-and-white artwork.
Account of the Main Events in Persepolis
Childhood in Tehran (Introduction): Marjane introduces herself
and her family in Tehran before the Islamic Revolution. She
describes her family's background and her early experiences as a
spirited and independent-minded young girl.
Islamic Revolution (1979): The revolution unfolds as Marjane's
family participates in protests against the Shah's regime. The
revolution leads to the establishment of an Islamic Republic in
Iran.
Life Under the New Regime: Marjane's family adjusts to the
changes brought about by the Islamic Republic. She navigates the
strict rules imposed by the new government, including mandatory
veiling and segregated schools.
War with Iraq: The Iran-Iraq War begins, and Marjane's family
faces the hardships of war, including bombings and rationing.
Marjane's parents send her to Vienna, Austria, to ensure her
safety.
Life in Vienna: Marjane experiences a new culture in Vienna but
struggles with homesickness and a sense of displacement. She
faces loneliness and discrimination while studying there.
Return to Iran: Marjane returns to Iran after completing her
education. She deals with the challenges of finding her place in
Iranian society once again.
Marriage and Divorce: Marjane enters into a short-lived marriage,
which ends in divorce due to her husband's infidelity. This
experience shapes her views on relationships and personal
freedom.
Political and Personal Struggles: Marjane continues to grapple
with the restrictions of the Islamic regime. She faces arrests,
intimidation, and the loss of loved ones due to political activism
and personal choices
Leaving Iran: Feeling increasingly stifled, Marjane makes the
difficult decision to leave Iran once again, this time for good. She
moves to France to escape the political repression and build a new
life.
Reflections on Identity and Belonging: In France, Marjane reflects
on her identity, cultural heritage, and sense of belonging. She
shares her experiences with new friends and comes to terms with
her complex identity as an Iranian in exile.
The memoir ends with Marjane contemplating the cyclical nature
of history and acknowledging the challenges and uncertainties of
the future.
Facilitate a group discussion and presentation on the themes.
Themes in "Persepolis"
The following themes interweave throughout the narrative of
"Persepolis," contributing to its depth and complexity while offering
insights into personal experiences, historical events, and the
broader human condition
Identity and Belonging (Identity Crisis)
Marjane struggle to reconcile her Iranian identity with the
changing cultural and political landscape.
Her experiences of feeling out of place both in Iran and abroad.
The tension between embracing tradition and seeking personal
freedom.
Political and Social Commentary (Political Activism, Social
Instability)
Depiction of the Iranian Revolution and its impact on individuals
and families.
Illustration of the restrictions, censorship, and fear imposed by
the new regime.
Portrayal of protests, demonstrations, and the price of political
activism.
Resilience and Empowerment
Marjane's determination to assert her independence and pursue
her aspirations.
Her ability to adapt and survive in challenging circumstances,
such as during the Iran-Iraq War.
Give examples of individuals finding ways to express themselves
despite oppressive conditions.
Cultural differences
Differences in attitudes towards tradition, religion, and personal
freedoms.
Cultural clashes and misunderstandings between Marjane and
her parents as they navigate changing times.
Loss and Survival
The impact of war and political unrest on families, as depicted
through Marjane's experiences.
Coping with the loss of loved ones and the emotional toll of
living in a conflicted society.
Education and Enlightenment
Marjane's intellectual and emotional growth as she learns
about history, politics, and human rights.
The role of education in shaping individual perspectives and
empowering critical thinking.
Friendship and Solidarity
Marjane's relationships with friends and the support they
provide during difficult times.
Instances of unity and camaraderie among Iranians despite the
challenges they face.
Cultural and Gender Roles
Exploration of the roles and expectations of women in Iranian
society.
The struggles faced by women as they navigate societal norms
and seek personal agency.
Literary Style in Persepolis (the Book)
"Persepolis" is presented in a graphic novel format, with
illustrations accompanying the text. This visual element enhances
the reader's engagement, allowing them to visually experience the
events alongside the written narrative.
The story is told from the first-person perspective of Marjane
Satrapi, offering an intimate and personal account of her
experiences. This narrative style enables readers to connect
deeply with her thoughts, emotions, and growth.
Despite addressing serious topics, the book employs humor and
satire to lighten the mood and provide insights into the
characters' coping mechanisms and resilience.
The artwork often includes symbolic imagery and metaphors that
represent larger themes and ideas. These visual elements enrich
the storytelling and encourage readers to interpret the narrative
on multiple levels.