C282-09
Emergency electrical power supply
for buildings
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Legal Notice for Standards
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standards are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the
Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus
and develop a standard. Although CSA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus, it does
not independently test, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.
Disclaimer and exclusion of liability
This document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without
limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this document’s fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its
non-infringement of any third party’s intellectual property rights. CSA does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any
of the information published in this document. CSA makes no representations or warranties regarding this document’s compliance with
any applicable statute, rule, or regulation.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES,
DIRECTORS, OR OFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES,
HOWSOEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE, BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA, OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT,
TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM ACCESS TO OR
POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS,
COSTS, OR EXPENSES.
In publishing and making this document available, CSA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any
person or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is
directed to those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA accepts no responsibility
whatsoever arising in any way from any and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document.
CSA is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA has no power, nor does it
undertake, to enforce compliance with the contents of the standards or other documents it publishes.
Intellectual property rights and ownership
As between CSA and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA is the owner, or the authorized
licensee, of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwise noted to the contrary), and
all inventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected
by patents and applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this document
may violate laws that protect CSA’s and/or others’ intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA and/or others to seek legal
redress for such use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA reserves all intellectual
property rights in this document.
Patent rights
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. CSA shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of
any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility.
Authorized use of this document
This document is being provided by CSA for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to do
only the following:
If this document is in electronic form:
load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it;
search and browse this document; and
print this document if it is in PDF format.
.
.
.
Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA to have such
copies, and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.
In addition, users may not and may not permit others to
alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard;
sell this document without authorization from CSA; or
make an electronic copy of this document.
.
.
.
If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or
make any copies of the contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this
document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
CSA Standards Update Service
C282-09
December 2009
Title: Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Pagination: 52 pages (viii preliminary and 44 text), each dated December 2009
To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication
•
go to www.ShopCSA.ca
•
click on E-mail Services under MY ACCOUNT
•
click on CSA Standards Update Service
The List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2420379.
If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupport@csa.ca or call 416-747-2233.
Visit CSA’s policy on privacy at www.csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your
personal information.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
CSA Standard
C282-09
Emergency electrical power supply
for buildings
Published in December 2009 by Canadian Standards Association
A not-for-profit private sector organization
5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6
1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044
Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
100%
The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains
100% recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured
using biogas energy.
To purchase CSA Standards and related publications, visit CSA’s Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca or
call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.
ISBN 978-1-55491-329-9
Technical Editor: Tony Joseph
© Canadian Standards Association — 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
without the prior permission of the publisher.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Contents
Technical Committee on Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings v
Preface vii
1 Scope 1
2 Reference publications 2
3 Definitions 3
4 General requirements 4
5 Emergency electrical power supply system 5
6 Emergency electrical power supply plant 5
6.1
General 5
6.1.1 Engine generator set 5
6.1.2 Cooling systems 6
6.2
Location 6
6.3
Voltage 7
6.4
Power supply performance 7
6.5
Layout and working space 8
6.6
Vibration 8
6.7
Ventilation 8
6.8
Temperature 9
6.9
More than one emergency electrical power supply 9
6.9.1 General 9
6.9.2 Multiple buildings 10
6.10
Acceptance of the emergency electrical power supply installation 10
6.11
Emergency lighting 10
6.12
Control sequence 10
6.13
Noise control 11
6.14
Pre-transfer elevator control sequence 11
7 Generator set 11
7.1
Horsepower and frequency 11
7.2
Exhaust 12
7.3
Fuel supply 13
7.4
Control panel 16
7.5
Cranking cycle 16
7.6
Power for starting 17
7.6.1 Storage batteries 17
7.6.2 Compressed air 17
8 Generators, exciters, and voltage regulators 17
8.1
General 17
8.2
Generator performance 18
8.3
Generator construction 18
8.4
Exciters 18
8.5
Automatic voltage regulators 18
8.6
Voltage buildup 18
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
iii
C282-09
8.7
8.8
© Canadian Standards Association
Overcurrent devices 18
Generator controls 19
9 Transfer switches 19
9.1
General 19
9.2
Phase rotation 20
9.3
Electrical characteristics 20
9.4
Automatic transfer requirements 20
9.5
Manual bypass switch 20
10 Initial installation performance tests 21
10.1
General 21
10.2
Operational test 21
10.3
Full-load test 22
10.4
Cycle crank test 23
10.5
Safety shutdown and alarms 23
10.6
Ventilation 23
10.7
Operator training 23
10.8
Oil analysis 23
11 Operation and maintenance program 24
11.1
General 24
11.1.1 Operation and maintenance 24
11.1.2 Inspection, testing, and maintenance log 24
11.2
Instructions, tools, and spare parts 24
11.2.1 Manual of operating and maintenance instructions 24
11.2.2 Tools 24
11.3
Annual test 25
11.4
Periodic operational tests 25
11.5
Maintenance 25
11.5.1 General 25
11.5.2 Frequency of procedures 25
11.5.3 Records 25
11.5.4 Safety 25
11.5.5 Visual inspection of fuel (clear and bright test) 26
Annexes
A (informative)
B (informative)
C (informative)
D (informative)
—
—
—
—
Recommendations on emergency electrical power for life-support equipment 33
Commentary 34
High-speed transfer of loads 42
Use of emergency electrical power supply equipment for purposes beyond emergency
situations 43
Tables
1 — Safety indicators and shutdowns 27
2 — Weekly inspection, test, and maintenance requirements 29
3 — Monthly inspection, test, and maintenance requirements 30
4 — Semi-annual inspection, test, and maintenance requirements 30
5 — Annual inspection, test, and maintenance requirements 31
6 — Quinquennial (every five years) inspection, test, and maintenance requirements 32
iv
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Technical Committee on Emergency
Electrical Power Supply for Buildings
A. Sutherland
Public Works and Government Services Canada,
Gatineau, Québec
Chair
R. Buckler
ASCO Power Technologies Canada,
Brantford, Ontario
Vice-Chair
R. Mons
H.H. Angus & Associates Ltd.,
Toronto, Ontario
Vice-Chair
N. Antonios
Toromont — Caterpillar,
Concord, Ontario
S. Aspinwall
Smith and Andersen Consulting Engineering,
Toronto, Ontario
W. Balshe
Cummins Power Generation,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
K. Blazey
Total Power Ltd.,
Mississauga, Ontario
N. Carter
H.H. Angus & Associates Ltd.,
Toronto, Ontario
Associate
S. Clarke
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs,
Kemptville, Ontario
Associate
R. de Launay
Human Resources Development Canada,
North York, Ontario
Associate
R. Florio
Tyco Thermal Controls-Pyrotenax,
Toronto, Ontario
D. Gougeon
Genrep Ltd.,
Laval, Québec
D. Jacob
Fire Commissioner of Canada,
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada,
Vancouver, British Columbia
R. Kelly
Government of Nunavut Community and
Government Services,
Iqaluit, Nunavut
G. Lavoie
Generatrice Drummond,
St-Nicéphore, Québec
N. Leslie
Crintec Ltd.,
Yarker, Ontario
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
v
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
K. MacMillan
Toronto Fire Services,
Toronto, Ontario
Associate
B. Mathews
Caterpillar of Canada,
Woodbridge, Ontario
Associate
V. Odaimi
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care,
Toronto, Ontario
Associate
P. Papadakis
City of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario
Associate
J. Roop
Thomson Technology,
Langley, British Columbia
T. Short
Enbridge Gas Distribution,
Toronto, Ontario
S. Toprak
City of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario
A. Tsisserev
City of Vancouver Community Service Administration,
Vancouver, British Columbia
D. Warkentin
FuelPure Canada Ltd.,
New Dundee, Ontario
Associate
T. Joseph
Canadian Standards Association,
Mississauga, Ontario
Project Manager
E. Milakowski
Canadian Standards Association,
Mississauga, Ontario
Project Manager
vi
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Preface
This is the fifth edition of CSA C282, Emergency electrical power supply for buildings. It supersedes the
previous editions published in 2005, 2000, 1989, and 1977.
The main changes from the previous edition are as follows:
(a) revisions to the Scope to include emergency generators and associated equipment intended for use in
health care facilities (HCFs) in accordance with Clause 6 of CSA Z32, Electrical safety and essential
electrical systems in health care facilities (see Clause 1.1(b));
(b) revisions to the Scope to include electrical power supply systems designed and installed to operate for
purposes beyond emergency situations (see Clause 1.2);
(c) new and revised definitions;
(d) addition of references to CSA Z32;
(e) clarification of labelling requirements for load testing (see Clause 6.1.1.4);
(f) enhanced requirements for outdoor enclosures (see Clause 6.2);
(g) enhancement of power supply performance requirements to include the requirements for HCFs in
accordance with CSA Z32 (see Clause 6.4.1);
(h) clarification of the requirements for layout and working space for compliance with CSA Z32
requirements (see Clause 6.5.1);
(i) clarification of the emergency electrical power supply requirements for multiple buildings (see
Clause 6.9.2);
(j) clarification of the control sequence requirements to meet the requirements of HCFs in accordance
with CSA Z32 (see Clause 6.12);
(k) clarification of the fuel supply requirements to meet the requirements for HCFs in accordance with
CSA Z32 (see Clauses 7.3.1 and 7.3.2);
(l) clarification of the installation requirements for transfer switches (see Clause 9.1.5);
(m) clarification of the installation and operational requirements for manual bypass switches in buildings
of Institutional Occupancy (Group B) and in Residential Occupancy (Group C) (see Clause 9.5.1);
(n) enhancement of the requirements for full-load test for compliance with CSA Z32 (see Clause 10.3.1);
(o) addition of requirements for voltage and frequency step load response for generators intended for
use in Class A and B HCFs (see Clause 10.3.5);
(p) addition of oil analysis requirements for compliance with CSA Z32 (see Clause 10.8);
(q) revisions to Tables 1 and 5 to add notation of the function and maintenance requirements of the
position-indicating valve that is specified in Clause 7.3.6 (see Tables 1 and 5);
(r) addition of requirements for utility-fed emergency generator gas regulator station to provide
guidance for the design of gas piping systems for supplying gas to emergency electrical power
generators (see Clause B.11);
(s) addition of guidelines for service requirements for electrical power supply systems that operate for
purposes beyond emergency situations (see Clause B.21);
(t) enhancement of the requirements for diesel fuel handling and storage (see Clause B.22); and
(u) addition of guidelines for the design of emergency electrical power supply systems to be used for
functions other than providing power for life safety loads (see Annex D).
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Emergency Electrical Power Supply for
Buildings, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Fuel-Burning Equipment, and has
been formally approved by the Technical Committee.
December 2009
Notes:
(1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
(2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains
the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
vii
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
(3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of
good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority,
but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical
Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication.
(4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate
committee.
(5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards
Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6.
Requests for interpretation should
(a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;
(b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and
(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.
Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing
standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at
www.csa.ca.
viii
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
C282-09
Emergency electrical power supply
for buildings
1 Scope
1.1
This Standard applies to the design, installation, operation, maintenance, and testing of emergency
generators and associated equipment for providing an emergency power supply to electrical loads
(a) in buildings and facilities when the normal power supply fails and an emergency electrical power
supply is required by the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC); and
(b) of essential electrical systems, where emergency generators are intended for use in health care
facilities (HCFs) in accordance with Clause 6 of CSA Z32.
Notes:
(1) For guidelines on emergency electrical power supply for life-support equipment, see Annex A.
(2) In this Standard, the term “building” also includes facilities.
1.2
Electrical power supply systems designed and installed to operate for purposes beyond emergency
situations may be used for emergency electrical power supply provided that they meet the requirements
of this Standard.
Note: For guidelines on the use of emergency electrical power supply equipment for purposes beyond emergency situations
see Annex D.
1.3
This Standard does not cover
(a) any emergency power supply provided from storage batteries or other sources of uninterrupted
power supply (UPS);
(b) application of an emergency power supply; and
(c) design and construction of unit equipment for emergency lighting that complies with CSA C22.2
No. 141.
1.4
In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to
satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which
is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the
limits of the standard.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a
note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as
requirements.
Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their
application.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
1
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
2 Reference publications
This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the
edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
B139-09
Installation code for oil-burning equipment
CAN/CSA-B149.1-05
Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code
C22.1-09
Canadian Electrical Code, Part I
C22.2 No. 100-04 (R2009)
Motors and generators
C22.2 No. 141-02 (R2007)
Unit equipment for emergency lighting
C22.2 No. 178.1-07
Requirements for transfer switches
CAN3-C235-83 (R2006)
Preferred voltage levels for AC systems, 0 to 50 000 V
C282 Logbook-09
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings maintenance logbook
Z32-09
Electrical safety and essential electrical systems in health care facilities
ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials)
D4176-04 (R2009)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection
Procedures)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
519-1992
IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
8528-1:2005
Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 1: Application,
ratings and performance
National Research Council Canada
National Building Code of Canada, 2005
National Fire Code of Canada, 2005
NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association)
ANSI/NEMA MG 1-2006
Motors and Generators
2
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
37 (2006)
Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines
ULC (Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada)
S139-00
Standard Method of Fire Test for Evaluation of Integrity of Electrical Cables
3 Definitions
The following definitions shall apply in this Standard:
Auxiliary equipment — all supplementary apparatus and devices necessary for starting and operating
an emergency electrical power supply.
Cloud point — the temperature at which solid waxy particles begin to form within the diesel fuel.
Delayed vital branch — the portion of an essential electrical system in which the circuits require power
restoration within 2 min.
Emergency electrical power supply — the local generation of electrical energy for supplying a load
requiring emergency electrical power when the normal power supply fails.
Full load — the limited-time running power (LTP) rating of an emergency generator set less the
applicable derating factors for site conditions and any derating necessary for complying with the
frequency and voltage performance requirements specified in Clause 6.4.
Health care facility (HCF) — a set of physical infrastructure elements supporting the delivery of
health-related services.
Health care facility, Class A — a facility, designated as a hospital by the government of Canada or
the government of a Canadian province or territory, where patients are accommodated on the basis
of medical need and are provided with continuing medical care and supporting diagnostic and
therapeutic services.
Health care facility, Class B — a facility whose residents cannot function independently because
of a physical or mental disability and are accommodated because they require daily care by health
care professionals.
Note: Class B facilities provide, for example, extended, multi-level, hospice, psychiatric, or intermediate care.
The definition includes rehabilitation facilities.
Health care facility, Class C — a facility where ambulatory patients are accommodated on the
basis of medical need and are provided with supportive, diagnostic, and treatment services.
Note: Class C facilities include, for example, outpatient and surgical clinics, dental offices, doctors’ clinics, private
facilities, and group homes.
Inspection — visual and/or physical examination.
Life safety equipment — electrical equipment required by the NBCC to have an emergency electrical
power supply.
Limited-time running power (LTP) — the maximum power that a generator set is capable of
delivering for up to 500 h per year (of which a maximum of 300 h is continuous running) between stated
maintenance intervals and under acceptable ambient conditions.
Note: This definition has been harmonized with ISO 8528-1.
Maintenance — inspection, testing, replacement, adjustment, or repair of consumables or components.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
3
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Maximum site design load — the calculated minimum engine generator set load rating that
accommodates all life-safety equipment, non-emergency loads, starting kVA and kW of all motors,
electrical characteristics of any non-linear loads, and includes a minimum of 10% reserve capacity.
Non-seasonal fuel — a distillate fuel that is not seasonally adjusted but is blended to a cloud point to
meet climate conditions throughout the year within the area of use.
Normal supply — the electrical power supply provided to a building from a supply authority.
Note: “Supply authority” is defined by the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.
Pour point — the temperature of the diesel fuel at which it thickens and will no longer pour.
Service room — a room or enclosure that provides environmental protection and security for the
emergency electrical power supply (generator set and all auxiliary equipment) and minimizes the
possibility of interruption of the emergency power supply by fire, flood, vandalism, natural disaster (as
appropriate for the location), or material equipment failures. (See Clause B.4.)
Test — operation of equipment and measurement of its performance to ensure that it is within prescribed
limits.
Vital branch — that portion of an essential electrical system in which the circuits require power
restoration within 10 s.
4 General requirements
4.1
The following equipment shall be considered life safety equipment in accordance with the NBCC:
(a) fire alarm and emergency voice communications systems;
(b) firefighters’ elevators and elevators serving storeys above the first storey in a high building;
(c) fire protection water supply pumps that depend on electrical power supplied to the building;
(d) smoke control systems;
(e) fans required for smoke control;
(f) emergency lighting; and
(g) exit signs that depend on electrical power supplied to the building.
Notes:
(1) For guidance on design requirements related to life-support equipment for physically challenged individuals living in
buildings equipped with emergency electrical power supplies, see Annex A.
(2) For guidance on components of an essential electrical system in patient care areas of an HCF, see Clause 6.4 of
CSA Z32.
4.2
Except as otherwise specified in this Standard, emergency electrical power supply installations shall meet
the requirements of Clause 6 and comply with NFPA 37.
4.3
The installation and wiring of electrical equipment shall comply with the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.
4.4
The installation of the fuel supply for emergency generator sets shall meet the applicable requirements of
CSA B139 or CAN/CSA-B149.1.
4
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
5 Emergency electrical power supply system
5.1
The emergency electrical power supply system consists of all of the equipment and systems necessary to
supply reliable electrical power, including the following:
(a) the engine generator set, which can include a day tank;
(b) the fuel supply system, including tanks and piping as described in Clause 7.3;
(c) automatic transfer switches and all associated wiring;
(d) the emergency generator ventilation and cooling system;
(e) wiring between an emergency generator and the emergency supply terminals of transfer switches
specified in Clause 9; and
(f) the exhaust silencer and piping to outdoors.
5.2
Unless otherwise specified by the authority having jurisdiction, all of the components specified in
Clause 5.1 shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance
rating in accordance with the NBCC but not less than 1 h.
Notes:
(1) Not all of the components need be in the same room or other location in the building.
(2) See Clause B.1 for commentary on this Clause.
5.3
When it is installed outside the generator service room, power and control wiring interconnecting the
components specified in Clause 5.1 shall, while ensuring continuous operation of the electrical circuit,
(a) have a circuit integrity rating as specified in ULC S139; or
(b) be installed on the protected side of an enclosure with a fire-resistance rating that complies with the
NBCC.
Note: See Clause B.2 for commentary on this Clause.
6 Emergency electrical power supply plant
6.1 General
6.1.1 Engine generator set
6.1.1.1
The emergency electrical power supply shall be provided by a generator set or sets driven by an engine
located
(a) on the same property as the building it supplies or on an adjoining property; or
(b) on the health care facility’s premises, where a generator set is required for emergency power supply
to essential electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32.
6.1.1.2
The minimum engine generator set full-load rating shall meet or exceed the calculated maximum design
load. In establishing the maximum design load, the set shall be sized to accommodate the starting kilovolt
amperes (kVA) and kilowatts (kW) of all motors and the electrical characteristics of any non-linear loads
connected to the emergency electrical power supply system, and shall include a minimum of 10% reserve
capacity.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
5
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
6.1.1.3
The generator set shall be capable of operating at 100% of its required full-load rating in an ambient
temperature of 40 °C without overheating or suffering other detrimental effects. If operation above 40 °C
is unavoidable, the generator system shall be designed and rated to operate at 100% full load at the
higher operating temperature.
Note: See Clause B.3 for commentary on this Clause.
6.1.1.4
The maximum site design load shall be shown on a permanent field-applied label prominently affixed to
the generator set. In the absence of a field-applied label, the maximum site design load shall be
considered to be the manufacturer’s full-load rating as shown on the engine generator set nameplate.
6.1.2 Cooling systems
Cooling systems for prime movers shall be forced air cooled, closed-circuit liquid cooled, or both. Cooling
systems shall prevent overheating of the engine when fully loaded under conditions of highest design
ambient temperature at the location of installation.
Closed-circuit liquid cooling systems shall consist of a
(a) unit-mounted radiator and fan;
(b) remote radiator; or
(c) remote radiator and heat exchanger system.
The power supply for fans and pumps on remote radiators and for ventilation dampers shall be provided
by dedicated branch circuits connected to the generator ahead of all other overcurrent protective devices.
The engine of the generator set shall be capable of operating independently of supplies of cooling water
from public utilities or other external sources.
6.2 Location
Note: See Clause B.4 for commentary on this Clause.
6.2.1
Generator sets and all auxiliary equipment shall be located
(a) in a separate service room or rooms in a building separated from the remainder of the building by a
fire separation with a fire-resistance rating in accordance with the NBCC but not less than 1 h; or
(b) in a separate service room or enclosure outside the building, or on the roof under adequate lighting
for maintenance purposes, that minimizes the possibility of interruption to the emergency power
supply by fire and provides the following environmental and structural protection and security for the
generator set and all auxiliary equipment:
(i) The enclosure shall be structurally adequate to resist flood, snow, wind, and seismic forces
(natural disasters), and be vandal-proof.
(ii) The enclosure shall be weatherproof and insulated to achieve the ambient temperature
requirement of Clause 6.8.1 to maintain the system in an operable condition and prevent
problems due to condensation and corrosion.
(iii) The enclosure shall provide adequate clearances as specified in Clause 6.5.1.
(iv) The enclosure structure shall have provision for electrical grounding in addition to the electrical
equipment within the enclosure.
(v) The enclosure shall have provision for quick entry.
6.2.2
Where emergency power supply plants are required in conformance with CSA Z32, they shall be located
within one storey of grade.
6
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
6.2.3
Notwithstanding Clause 6.2.2, when an emergency supply comprises more than one generating set and
the facility has at least two elevator banks, with each elevator bank supplied from a separate generator set,
the generator sets may be located within one level of any floor accessed by the elevators.
6.3 Voltage
The voltage of an emergency supply shall conform to CSA CAN3-C235.
6.4 Power supply performance
6.4.1
The following shall apply to a generator set of an emergency supply:
(a) It shall be capable of starting and reaching a stabilized speed and voltage condition within
(i) ± 2% of its rated values in order to meet the times specified in Item (b); and
(ii) ± 1% of its rated values in order to meet the times specified in Item (b) where a generator set is
required for emergency power supply to essential electrical systems in conformance with
CSA Z32.
(b) Except as specified in Items (c) and (d), a generator set shall be connected to life safety equipment
(see Clause 4.1) and to fuel transfer pumps, ventilation fans, and similar equipment essential for the
operation of the emergency power supply within
(i) 15 s of loss of normal power; and
(ii) 10 s of loss of normal power where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to
essential electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32.
Note: Where more than one emergency generator is used, it is not intended by requirements of Item (b) to mandate
connection of all generators on site to be connected within specified times.
(c) Connections to firefighters’ elevators, elevators serving storeys above the first storey in a high
building, and smoke-venting fans may be delayed up to 60 s.
(d) Non-emergency loads may be connected to the emergency power supply system at any time,
provided that they do not adversely affect operation of the generator set.
Note: Non-emergency loads are equipment or systems connected to the emergency electrical power supply but not
required by the NBCC to be connected or essential to the operation of the generator and its engine. They can include
(a) storm water pumps and sewage pumps;
(b) telecommunications and data-processing equipment;
(c) building heating, cooling, and ventilation systems;
(d) security systems; and
(e) refrigerated and frozen food storage and preparation equipment.
6.4.2
The generator set shall be capable of maintaining the emergency supply voltage and frequency such that
(a) on the one-step application of maximum site design load, the engine generator set continues
operating and returns to stable voltage and frequency within 10 s, in accordance with Clause 10.3.3;
(b) on application or removal of any load or group of loads, the resulting engine generator set voltage
and frequency variation shall be within the range suitable for the connected equipment, with a return
to stable voltage and frequency within a time frame suitable for the connected equipment; and
(c) where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential electrical systems in
conformance with CSA Z32, it shall be capable of maintaining a stable supply voltage for any load
connected to the generator up to the maximum load that can be applied at one time in accordance
with the control sequence for the emergency electrical power supply. The reduction in frequency
shall not exceed 10% and the duration shall not exceed 3 s.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
7
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
6.4.3
The generator, exciter, and voltage regulator shall be capable of supporting any non-linear loads that are
connected to the emergency electrical power distribution system. The connection of non-linear loads to
the generator shall be restricted to prevent undue generator voltage distortion that could adversely affect
the operation of emergency loads or of the generator or its controls and protective devices.
Note: See Clause B.5 for commentary on this Clause.
6.5 Layout and working space
6.5.1
6.5.1.1
The generator set and its controls shall be located in a way that provides adequate working space and ease
of access for maintenance, repair, or removal, but not less than 1 m clearance. This shall not preclude the
use of tight casings or generator set housings designed by the manufacturer for outside installations,
provided that there is not less than 1 m clearance around the entire enclosure. The clearance shall be kept
free of obstructions such as ice and snow.
6.5.1.2
Where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential electrical systems in
conformance with CSA Z32, adequate working space and ease of access for maintenance, repair, or
removal, but not less than 1 m clearance on all sides within the enclosure except for the area of the
exhaust air duct, shall be provided. The clearance shall be kept free of obstructions.
6.5.2
Where an emergency electrical power supply comprises more than one generator set in one service room,
the generator sets shall be arranged in such a way that the failure of one unit does not jeopardize the
continued operation of the other unit(s). (See also Clause 6.9.)
Note: See Clause B.6 for commentary on this Clause.
6.5.3
Where a generator set is installed in a separate service room, or in a separate building or enclosure outside
the building, the separate service room, building, or enclosure shall be kept locked at all times and shall be
accessible only to authorized personnel.
6.6 Vibration
6.6.1
The vibration of the generator set shall be taken into consideration in the structural design of its
foundation. Means for adequate isolation of vibration shall be provided where needed.
6.6.2
All auxiliary equipment shall be protected (to the extent necessary) from vibration effects caused by the
generator set.
6.7 Ventilation
6.7.1
Ventilation shall be provided for the generator set service room to the extent necessary to ensure that the
following requirements are met under maximum site design load conditions:
(a) the safe operating temperature of the engine will not be exceeded;
8
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
(b) the temperature in the room will not exceed 38 °C (unless the system is designed and rated for a
higher temperature);
(c) adequate combustion air will be supplied;
(d) the operating temperature of the cooling system components will not exceed the level
recommended by the generator set manufacturer; and
(e) the static pressure drop across the louvres, air inlet and/or exhaust silencers, and/or the room
ventilation will not exceed the capabilities of the selected radiator and fan.
6.7.2
Ventilation shall also be provided to remove the residual heat from the service room after the engine has
been in use.
6.8 Temperature
6.8.1
The service room temperature shall be maintained at 10 °C or more at all times, except when the
generator is running. This temperature shall be measured at a height not more than 1 m above the service
room floor.
All equipment and components in the service room shall be suitably protected against temperature
extremes created by engine operation and shall operate reliably when such extremes occur.
6.8.2
An engine coolant preheater shall
(a) be installed for all liquid-cooled diesel engines that are in a service room that is maintained at less
than 20 °C;
(b) maintain the coolant around the combustion chambers
(i) at a sufficiently high temperature to enable the generator engine to start and accept load in not
less than the applicable time specified in Clause 6.4; or
(ii) at a minimum temperature of 40 °C where a generator set is required for emergency power
supply to essential electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32.
Note: The coolant preheater
(a) allows for coolant heat loss while maintaining a temperature around the combustion chamber that is high enough to
ensure fast, reliable starting of the engine; and
(b) prevents possible condensation on the engine caused by the difference between the coolant and room temperatures.
6.8.3
All engine and generator heaters shall be automatically disconnected when the engine is running. Each
heater shall have an independent means of being disconnected or switched off for maintenance.
6.9 More than one emergency electrical power supply
Note: See also Clauses 6.5.2 and B.6.
6.9.1 General
Where more than one emergency generator set is provided and these are electrically paralleled to supply
emergency power, automatic means shall be provided to ensure that the connected load is automatically
reduced on failure of a generator set. Starting with any non-life-safety-related equipment, the connected
load shall be reduced by shedding loads of least priority and continuing to shed loads of increasing priority
until the connected load is within the capacity of the surviving unit(s). Life safety equipment shall be
automatically connected/reconnected in the order of highest priority to lowest priority when additional
generator capacity is connected to the emergency bus.
Notes:
(1) Where more than one generator set is provided and the sets are not paralleled, electrical interconnection to support the
life safety equipment can be provided.
(2) See Clause B.7 for commentary on this Clause.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
9
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
6.9.2 Multiple buildings
Where a site consists of multiple buildings under single ownership, only one emergency electrical power
supply system sized to support all buildings shall be required, unless more than one is required in
accordance with the fire safety plan approved for the site.
6.10 Acceptance of the emergency electrical power supply installation
Once the emergency electrical power system is installed, the emergency electrical power supply shall be
tested as specified in Clause 10.
6.11 Emergency lighting
6.11.1
The emergency electrical power supply room and the automatic transfer switch room, where separate,
shall be equipped with unit equipment for emergency lighting that complies with CSA C22.2 No. 141.
Sufficient lamps shall be provided to ensure that a minimum lighting level of 50 lx for 2 h is available at all
equipment locations requiring adjustment or service.
Note: This illumination level is significantly greater than that specified in the NBCC, which requires 10 lx for egress route
emergency lighting.
6.11.2
Emergency lighting units shall be tested in accordance with Table 2 and CSA C22.2 No. 141.
6.11.3
The emergency lighting unit shall include
(a) automatic self-diagnostic circuitry; and
(b) a transient voltage surge suppressor on the supply side of power to the unit.
6.12 Control sequence
The automatic and manual control of an emergency electrical power supply system, including the starting
of a generator set or generator sets and actuation of automatic transfer switches to connect a load to the
emergency supply and reconnect it to the normal supply, shall be in the following sequence:
(a) The generator sets shall be started when the normal supply at the transfer switch on one or more
phases has been interrupted or is at a voltage that is less than
(i) 70% of the nominal system voltage for 3 s; or
(ii) 90% of the nominal system voltage for 2 s, when a generator set is required for emergency
power supply to essential electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32.
Note: The waiting period before starting the generator sets is specified to avoid unnecessary startup of a generator in
installations where the normal supply is frequently restored within a shorter period. Clause 6.4 requires a generator set
to be ready to accept load within a specific period (reaction time) following the loss of normal power. The waiting
period may be reduced to ensure that the generator is ready within the maximum permitted reaction time.
(b) Where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential electrical systems in
conformance with CSA Z32
(i) following the transfer of the vital branch(es), the transfer switch(es) controlling the delayed vital
branch(es) shall operate as soon as practicable, but not later than 2 min after the loss of normal
power, to ensure that prescribed voltage drops due to inrush load conditions are not exceeded;
and
(ii) the transfer of the conditional branch(es) of an essential electrical system to the emergency
supply by manual transfer switches shall be performed at a time dictated by the prevailing need,
and retransfer to the normal supply shall be at the discretion of those responsible for the
emergency supply.
(c) Where delayed emergency loads are arranged to be connected to the emergency supply later than
the emergency loads, all of the delayed emergency loads and any other loads that have been
arranged for connection at the same time shall be connected to the emergency supply within the
time delay specified.
10
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
(d) Where non-emergency loads are arranged to be connected to the emergency supply later than the
emergency and delayed emergency loads, all of the non-emergency loads may be connected to the
emergency supply after the appropriate time delay.
(e) On restoration of the normal supply, and after nominal voltage and frequency have been maintained
at nominal levels on all phases of the transfer switch for a period of 1 to 30 min (a period of time that
may be increased or reduced if circumstances warrant), the automatic transfer switches shall transfer
the loads back to the normal supply, except that the transfer shall occur without delay when an
emergency supply fails.
Note: See Annex C for a discussion of the precautions needed in the transfer and/or retransfer of certain loads.
(f)
After the transfer of loads back to the normal supply, the shutdown of the generator set by either
manual or automatic means shall be delayed for 5 min or a reasonable length of time to stabilize the
operating temperature under no-load conditions.
6.13 Noise control
To comply with local noise abatement regulations, means shall be provided in the design of the room or
enclosure to control noise emissions through the structure or enclosure and through ventilation and other
openings.
6.14 Pre-transfer elevator control sequence
6.14.1
The emergency power system shall be designed to accommodate elevator controls that require a
pre-transfer signal from the transfer switch.
6.14.2
The actuation of pre-transfer contacts related to an elevator load shall occur in the following sequence:
(a) on a failure of normal power and a transfer to emergency power, the pre-transfer contacts shall be
disabled and a transfer of the elevator load to the emergency power source shall take place without
additional delay; and
(b) on a retransfer from emergency power to normal power, the pre-transfer contacts shall inhibit a
transfer to normal power for a minimum of 20 s.
When they are under test conditions in which both the normal and the emergency power sources are
live, the pre-transfer contacts described in Item (a) shall be enabled and shall inhibit a transfer to the
emergency source for at least 20 s.
7 Generator set
7.1 Horsepower and frequency
7.1.1
7.1.1.1
The brake horsepower of the engine shall correspond to generator kilowatts as described by the following
formula:
A
⎡⎛
⎤
⎞
Minimum brake horsepower = ⎢⎜
⎟⎠ + C ⎥ × D
⎝
×
0
.
746
B
⎣
⎦
where
A
= generator LTP power requirement, kW
0.746 = conversion factor for kW to horsepower, where 1 horsepower = 0.746 kW
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
11
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
B
= generator efficiency (i.e., the efficiency at rated load and power factor), expressed as a number
less than 1
C
= additional power required to drive engine parasitic loads, horsepower
D
= factor that accounts for differences between site conditions and standard reference conditions
(see Clause 7.1.2) (the engine manufacturer can assist in computing this factor)
7.1.1.2
The engine shall not be modified from the engine manufacturer’s settings to achieve ratings outside the
engine manufacturer’s performance curve.
7.1.2
7.1.2.1
The standard reference conditions for evaluating the engine brake horsepower shall be as follows:
(a) total barometric pressure set at 100 kPa;
(b) air temperature set at 25 °C;
(c) relative humidity set at 30%;
(d) charge air coolant temperature set at 25 °C; and
(e) a distillate fuel lower calorific value of 42 700 kJ/kg (diesel-fuelled systems only). Generating units
fuelled by other than diesel shall have a fuel lower calorific value in accordance with the applicable
ISO Standard or as supplied by the fuel provider.
7.1.2.2
The standard reference conditions for evaluating the rated power of the ac generator shall be as follows:
(a) cooling air temperature at 40 °C; and
(b) an altitude up to 1000 m above sea level.
7.1.3
The engine minimum brake horsepower requirements shall be selected after derating for worst-case site
conditions and accessory losses in accordance with the engine manufacturer’s base rating standard,
without exceeding the allowable tolerances for the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and other
parameters, as substantiated by the engine manufacturer’s published data for the generator set power
operation. The LTP rating, determined in accordance with ISO 8528-1, shall be the engine and generator
assembler’s or manufacturer’s nameplate rating, verified by the engine manufacturer’s performance data
and actual engine manufacturer certified test data.
7.2 Exhaust
7.2.1
Exhaust gases from the engine of a generator set shall
(a) be discharged at a point where they will not enter the air intakes of the building or surrounding
structures, or otherwise endanger personnel in or near the building;
(b) comply with applicable air pollution control regulations; and
(c) be in compliance with good engineering practice as specified in Part 6 of the NBCC.
Note: Exhaust gases contain a mixture of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulates, and other
pollutants. The components considered most dangerous are carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Some authorities having
jurisdiction specify the concentration of these components (in milligrams per litre or parts per million) that are permitted to
be deposited on the nearest structure or drawn in by the air intakes.
12
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
7.2.2
The exhaust system shall be insulated or otherwise protected to ensure the safety of personnel, to avoid
damage by heat to the building structure or any adjacent part of the equipment on the emergency supply
generating plant, and to avoid damage by heat to any mechanical or electrical equipment in the service
room.
7.2.3
The exhaust piping shall be discharged to the atmosphere or into a boiler or incinerator stack, provided
that the boiler or incinerator stack is designed to accept the high temperatures and the added volume of
the gas being discharged.
7.2.4
The exhaust system shall include a muffler to minimize any disturbance to the occupants of the building
and adjacent structures and to comply with local noise abatement regulations.
Note: It is assumed that users of this Standard will be aware of the permissible noise levels.
7.2.5
The exhaust system shall be provided with Schedule 40 condensate piping, complete with a shut-off valve,
to remove water from the exhaust piping. The condensate piping shall extend to within 150 mm from
finished floor level and be connected in a manner that prevents condensation from entering the engine
manifold.
7.2.6
An exhaust system that discharges gases directly into the atmosphere shall be provided with the means to
keep rainwater out of the exhaust system.
7.2.7
Exhaust piping shall be arranged to allow expansion of the pipe to take place without damage to the
engine, piping, or building structure.
7.2.8
The connection between exhaust piping and the exhaust manifold of the engine shall be flexible to
prevent transmission of vibration to the exhaust system.
7.2.9
Exhaust piping shall be sized to ensure that the back pressure on the engine does not exceed the level
recommended by the engine manufacturer.
7.3 Fuel supply
7.3.1
Note: See Clause B.8 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.1.1
A quantity of fuel sufficient for operating the engine under maximum site design load for at least 2 h shall
be maintained on site at all times.
7.3.1.2
In addition to Clause 7.3.1.1, where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential
electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32, a fuel supply shall be maintained on site at all times that
is sufficient for operating the engine under full load for at least
(a) 24 h for Class B and C facilities; and
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
13
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
(b) 72 h for a Class A facility.
Provisions shall be made for automatic refilling to the day tank(s) from a fuel supply stored elsewhere
on site.
7.3.2
Notwithstanding Clause 7.3.1, when it can be demonstrated to the authority having jurisdiction that the
reliability of the off-site utility fuel supply and the associated piping meets the requirements of
Clause 7.3.1 for a continuous fuel supply, on-site storage might not be required.
Note: See Clause B.9 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.3
When the off-site utility fuel supply is not accepted by the authority having jurisdiction as the sole fuel
source for the emergency generator, an automatic transfer between the utility fuel supply and on-site
storage that meet the requirements of Clause 7.3.1 shall be provided. If the fuel supply switching system is
electrically operated, power shall be provided by the engine starting battery.
7.3.4
The fuel shall meet the engine manufacturer’s specifications.
Note: See Clause B.10 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.5
The fuel temperature shall be maintained within the limits specified by the engine manufacturer.
7.3.6
Where the emergency generator is supplied by an off-site utility natural gas supply, the following
conditions shall be met:
(a) the piping serving the emergency generator or combination of emergency generators shall
(i) be independent of any other natural gas supply to the building;
(ii) have a manual valve identified by a permanent sign located at the point of entry of the piping
system to the building and accessible only to authorized personnel; and
(iii) have a position-indicating contact that will initiate a trouble alarm condition at the generator
control panel when the valve is closed; and
(b) the natural gas supply to the generator shall be arranged in such a manner that the natural gas
supply serving other appliances can be shut off without interrupting the supply to the emergency
generator.
Note: See Clause B.11 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.7
Where emergency generators operate on a liquid fuel provided by on-site fuel storage tanks, each engine
shall have a dedicated day tank, located in the service room, that has sufficient functional capacity to
operate the engine for 4 h under maximum site design load.
Notes:
(1) This Clause requires double the minimum fuel storage specified in Clause 7.3.1. A lesser surplus capacity may be used if
permitted by the authority having jurisdiction.
(2) See Clause B.12 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.8
Where day tanks are required and the capacity of the tanks in the service room is less than 4 h but greater
than 2 h, the tanks shall be automatically refilled from a fuel supply stored elsewhere on site.
Notes:
(1) Clause 7.3.1 requires a 2 h supply; therefore, if the day tank has greater capacity, the protection for automatic fuel
transfer systems does not have to be as onerous as in Clause 7.3.9(d), where part of the minimum fuel requirement
has to be delivered to the day tank by a protected system.
(2) See Clause B.13 for commentary on this Clause.
14
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
7.3.9
Where day tanks are required and the capacity of the tanks in the service room is less than 2 h, provision
shall be made for
(a) automatic refilling of the tanks from a fuel supply stored elsewhere on site;
(b) the transfer pumps to be duplexed, with each pump rated for a flow of not less than the maximum
net fuel removal rate from the tank under the installed conditions;
(c) each transfer pump to be provided with check valves, a separate electrical circuit, and independent
controls to ensure independent operation; and
(d) the electrical pumping system and controls to be on dedicated circuits connected to the generator
ahead of all other overcurrent protection devices.
Note: See Clause B.14 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.10
Note: See Clause B.15 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.10.1
Where the fuel stored in the generator service room is less than required for 2 h operation at maximum
site design load, the following shall be protected from exposure to fire in the building when located
outside the service room:
(a) integral fuel piping;
(b) pumps;
(c) valves;
(d) electrical distribution equipment;
(e) wiring; and
(f) controls.
7.3.10.2
Equipment specified in Clause 7.3.10.1 shall be protected by a construction assembly that has a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h, as well as sufficient insulation, ventilation, and/or cooling to
(a) maintain the fuel temperature within the limits specified by the engine manufacturer; and
(b) maintain the temperature of electrical distribution equipment, controls, pumps, etc. within a range
that will ensure continued operation for 2 h.
However, where day tanks are required and the capacity of the tanks in the service room is greater than
2 h, the protection specified in this Clause shall not be required.
7.3.11
Notwithstanding Clause 7.3.10, the controls for the fuel transfer system shall not require 2 h fire resistance
protection if they are in the service room or outside the building.
Note: See Clause B.15 for commentary on this Clause.
7.3.12
Where the fuel supply to emergency generators is provided by on-site fuel storage tanks, the fuel supply
tank and fuel shall be reserved exclusively for the emergency generator set(s). An emergency generator
system with multiple emergency generator sets may be supplied from a single fuel storage tank if each
engine is supplied by a separate fuel line and a separate day tank.
7.3.13
The fuel supply line connection between the fuel supply system and the engine shall be protected against
physical damage and shall be sufficiently flexible to withstand engine vibration.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
15
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
7.4 Control panel
7.4.1
An automatic control panel shall be a part of the emergency power system and shall have
(a) automatic remote start capability;
(b) a means of mode selection to allow manual and automatic operation modes, and an “Off” position to
prevent remote starting of the generator set during servicing. The mode selector shall be sequenced
in the following order:
(i) the “Manual” setting shall allow a manual start and run of the engine;
(ii) the “Automatic” setting shall allow the engine to start by closing a remote contact and stop by
opening the remote contact; and
(iii) the “Off” setting shall stop and lock out the engine and reset safeties;
(c) shutdown controls to lock out the engine under the following conditions:
(i) when it has failed to start after a specified cranking time;
(ii) when it is running overspeed;
(iii) when the lubricating oil pressure is low;
(iv) when the engine temperature is high; and
(v) when the remote manual emergency stop station (if this option is provided) has been operated;
(d) battery-powered individual fault indication by lamps, LEDs, or an alphanumeric text-based display to
indicate the occurrence of any of the conditions specified in Table 1. If more than one of these
conditions exist simultaneously, each shall be separately displayed by lamps, LEDs, or automatic
scrolling of the text-based display;
(e) additional contacts or circuits for a common audible alarm, signalling locally and remotely, to
announce the occurrence of any of the conditions specified in Table 1;
(f) lamp test switch(es) to test the operation of all of the alarm lamps specified in Table 1;
(g) controls to shut down the engine when the initiating signal is removed or there is a manual
emergency shutdown; and
(h) the generator controls specified in Clause 8.8.
If the control panel is mounted on the generator set, anti-vibration shock mounts shall be used if
necessary to maximize reliability.
7.4.2
If an engine is equipped with an air shutdown damper, the damper shall be monitored with a local alarm
indication and a remote alarm annunciation in accordance with Table 1.
7.4.3
The cranking cycle shall be capable of being initiated by all of the following:
(a) a manual start;
(b) loss of normal power at an automatic transfer switch that is considered part of the emergency
electrical power supply system; and
(c) a manually operated (test) switch, located in each automatic transfer switch, that simulates a loss of
power.
7.5 Cranking cycle
Note: Clauses 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 do not supersede the system reaction time requirements of Clause 6.4. The purpose of these
Clauses is to define the performance requirements of the engine cranking system, particularly its ability to handle repeated
starting attempts in the event that the initial attempt or attempts fail. That is, they define a testing methodology for
evaluating cranking system performance only. The requirement to initiate an alarm signal specified in Clause 7.5.3 is a
system performance requirement.
7.5.1
Engines shall be started by continuous or cyclic cranking for the duration specified in Clause 7.5.2.
16
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
7.5.2
The engine starting system shall provide a cranking cycle consisting of
(a) 30 s of continuous cranking; or
(b) three 10 s crank attempts separated by 10 s rest periods.
7.5.3
If the engine has failed to start after the cranking period specified in Clause 7.5.2, engine starting shall be
terminated and an alarm shall be initiated as required by Clause 7.4.1(e).
7.6 Power for starting
7.6.1 Storage batteries
7.6.1.1
Storage batteries shall have sufficient capacity for two of the complete cranking cycles specified in
Clause 7.5.2 (i.e., a total of 60 s cranking time) at 10 °C, with a battery end voltage of at least 80% of the
rated voltage.
7.6.1.2
An automatic means shall be provided for maintaining the storage battery in a charged condition. The
battery charger shall be a fully automatic, dual-rate type with float and equalize modes.
7.6.1.3
The battery charger shall be capable of recharging a battery discharged by two cranking cycles (see
Clause 7.5) to 80% of capacity within 4 h and to full capacity within 12 h.
7.6.2 Compressed air
7.6.2.1
The supply of compressed air for engine starting shall be sufficient to provide two of the complete
cranking cycles specified in Clause 7.5.2 (i.e., a total of 60 s cranking time).
7.6.2.2
An automatic means shall be provided for maintaining the supply of compressed air in readiness for
cranking.
7.6.2.3
The automatic means specified in Clause 7.6.2.2 shall be capable of re-establishing 80% of the total
capacity within 2 h and full capacity within 4 h.
8 Generators, exciters, and voltage regulators
8.1 General
8.1.1
Generators, including rotating exciters, shall be constructed in accordance with the design guidelines of
ANSI/NEMA MG 1 and shall meet the requirements of CSA C22.2 No. 100.
Note: CSA C22.2 No. 100 includes safety requirements applicable to motors and generators.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
17
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
8.1.2
The manufacturer(s) of the generator and engine shall provide the necessary drawings and data to the
assembler of an engine generator set so that the assembler can ensure and verify mechanical torsional
compatibility.
8.2 Generator performance
8.2.1
The generator, in association with its exciter and automatic voltage regulator, shall be capable of
delivering sufficient current under short-circuit conditions to satisfy the circuit breaker coordination
requirements specified in Clause 8.7.1.
8.2.2
The generator and exciter shall be capable of supplying the load for which they have been selected in such
a manner that the temperature rise complies with ANSI/NEMA MG 1.
8.3 Generator construction
The alternator unit of the generator set shall
(a) be of drip-proof construction; and
(b) have amortisseur windings.
8.4 Exciters
Exciters shall be of the direct-connected or static type.
8.5 Automatic voltage regulators
Automatic voltage regulators shall be of the magnetic amplifier or solid-state type.
8.6 Voltage buildup
The generator set shall include a permanent magnet or a field flashing means to ensure adequate voltage
buildup on initial start.
8.7 Overcurrent devices
8.7.1
The overcurrent devices in the emergency distribution system shall be coordinated to maximize the
selective tripping of branch circuit breakers when a short-circuit occurs. At a minimum, sufficient selective
tripping shall be provided to ensure that a fault in any circuit downstream of the main emergency bus shall
not result in a loss of generator power to the main emergency bus. Short-circuit currents of sufficient
magnitude shall be made available from the generator to satisfy this coordination ability.
Note: See Clause B.16 for commentary on this Clause.
8.7.2
A lockable automatic device shall be used to disconnect the generator from the load(s) in the event of a
fault current. The minimum rating of the automatic device(s) shall be equal to the full load current of the
LTP rating.
18
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
8.8 Generator controls
8.8.1
The controls provided for the protection, supervision, and operation of generators that form part of an
emergency supply shall include, but need not be limited to, the following:
(a) properly coordinated overcurrent protection, as specified in Clause 8.7.1;
(b) a voltmeter and phase selector switch;
(c) an ammeter and phase selector switch;
(d) current transformers and potential transformers, as necessary;
(e) a frequency meter that is not of a reed type (except that a reed type may be used when a tachometer
is also provided);
(f) an automatic voltage regulator;
(g) a voltage adjustment control;
(h) an elapsed time meter; and
(i) for multiple generator synchronized systems, the following:
(i) a synchroscope or synchronizing lights;
(ii) a reverse power control;
(iii) a remote switch for speed control of the engine;
(iv) a synchronization check relay; and
(v) a line circuit breaker for each generator.
8.8.2
The operation of the emergency electrical power supply shall be independent of any other system when
used with other power systems.
9 Transfer switches
9.1 General
9.1.1
The emergency electrical power supply shall be connected by transfer switches to the building electrical
systems that require emergency power. Voltage sensing shall occur at the transfer switch line terminals.
9.1.2
Where multiple buildings are served by one emergency electrical power supply, each building’s
emergency power distribution system shall have a transfer switch to ensure, if there is a power outage in
the building, that the emergency electrical power supply will be activated and an automatic transfer to
emergency power will take place.
Note: See Clause B.17 for commentary on this Clause.
9.1.3
The voltage-sensing devices and program-control devices (e.g., time delays) associated with the automatic
load switching means shall be arranged to initiate the starting of an emergency supply engine generator
set and the transfer of loads within the time, voltage range, or other constraints specified in Clauses 6.4.1
and 6.12.
9.1.4
Where automatic transfer switches are used, they shall be complete assemblies that comply with
CSA C22.2 No. 178.1.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
19
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
9.1.5
Automatic transfer switches shall be located in a service room within the interior limits of the building(s)
that they serve. They may also be located inside a walk-in enclosure or separate building complying with
the requirements of a service room provided sufficient space and clearance is available to comply with the
requirements of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.
9.2 Phase rotation
The emergency electrical power supply shall be checked for correct phase rotation, with respect to the
normal power supply,
(a) during initial installation;
(b) after major servicing; and
(c) when the unit or transfer switch is replaced.
9.3 Electrical characteristics
9.3.1
The voltage rating of a transfer switch shall be suitable for the circuit to which it is connected.
9.3.2
Transfer switches shall have a current rating of not less than the normal load that is to be transferred.
9.3.3
A transfer switch shall be capable of withstanding, without contact welding, the transient currents that are
likely to occur in the installation, including
(a) in-rush currents of loads such as motors and tungsten lamps; and
(b) the available peak and asymmetrical fault current for the time required by the associated protective
equipment to clear the faults.
9.3.4
Operating power for the transfer shall be obtained from the source to which the load is being transferred.
9.4 Automatic transfer requirements
9.4.1
An automatic transfer switch shall be provided with a test switch that can simulate a normal supply power
failure.
9.4.2
An automatic transfer switch shall include means for safe manual mechanical operation for maintenance
purposes.
9.5 Manual bypass switch
9.5.1
A means shall be provided to isolate and bypass automatic transfer switches that supply life safety
equipment in buildings of Institutional Occupancy (Group B) and Residential Occupancy (Group C)
classification, as defined by the NBCC, under the following conditions:
(a) the failure of an automatic transfer switch to transfer, when necessary, from a normal supply to an
emergency supply;
(b) during maintenance of the automatic portion of the transfer switch. The isolate and bypass procedure
shall not exceed 15 s, and in the case of an HCF, 10 s;
20
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
(c) in buildings of Institutional Occupancy (Group B1) and Residential Occupancy (Group C)
classification, as defined by the NBCC. The bypass shall be installed on the emergency side of the
transfer switch. A single-source bypass on the normal side shall not be used; and
Note: A single-source bypass with the bypass on the emergency side is a minimum requirement and does not preclude
the use of dual-source bypass switches with bypasses on both the emergency and the normal sides. See Clause B.18 for
a discussion of necessary emergency bypass precautions and the advantages of a dual-source bypass.
(d) in buildings of Institutional Occupancy (Group B2) classification, as defined by the NBCC. Bypasses
shall be installed on both the normal and emergency sides of the transfer switch. In the event of a
transfer switch failure, the bypass shall be capable of transferring between sources within 10 s.
Note: See Clause B.18 for commentary on this Clause.
9.5.2
The transfer switch bypass shall be single or dual source. In the case of a single-source bypass, the bypass
shall be installed on the emergency side of the transfer switch. A single-source bypass on the normal side
shall not be used.
Note: A single-source bypass with the bypass on the emergency side is a minimum requirement and does not preclude the
use of dual-source bypass switches with bypasses on both the emergency and the normal sides. See Clause B.18 for a
discussion of necessary emergency bypass precautions and the advantages of a dual-source bypass.
9.5.3
When an automatic transfer switch is put into bypass mode, there shall be a remote visual and audible
indication as follows: “ATS — in bypass mode”.
9.5.4
The manual bypass system shall be designed and interlocked so that there are no current-carrying circuits
in the transfer switch when it is in the isolation bypass mode.
10 Initial installation performance tests
10.1 General
Once the emergency electrical power supply system is installed, the installation shall be tested to ensure
conformity with the requirements of this Standard.
10.2 Operational test
10.2.1
With the engine in a cold start condition and the emergency load at its normal operating level, a power
failure shall be simulated by opening all switches or breakers that supply the normal power to the building.
The test load shall be that load which is normally served by the emergency power system.
10.2.2
The operational test shall be continued for 1 h, after which normal power shall be restored to the building
and satisfactory transfer of the load and shutdown of the emergency generator set shall be demonstrated.
10.2.3
The following data shall be observed and recorded:
(a) the time delay on start;
(b) the cranking time until the engine starts and runs;
(c) the time required to come up to operating speed;
(d) the time required for each life safety equipment transfer switch to be transferred to the emergency
position;
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
21
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
(e) the time required to achieve a steady-state condition, with all switches transferred to the emergency
position;
(f) the time delay(s) for the connection of any loads arranged to be connected to the emergency supply
later than the life safety equipment;
(g) the voltage, frequency, and amperes at start-up, at any observed change in load, and at maximum
site design load;
(h) the engine oil pressure, water temperature (or other representative engine operating temperature,
where applicable, e.g., with air-cooled engines), and the battery charge rate 1 min after start, at
5 min intervals for the first 15 min, and at 15 min intervals thereafter;
(i) the time delay on retransfer for each transfer switch; and
(j) the time delay on engine cool-down and shutdown.
10.3 Full-load test
Note: See Clause B.19 for commentary on this Clause.
10.3.1
10.3.1.1
Following the test specified in Clause 10.2, the emergency generator set shall be subjected to a 4 h
full-load test based on the maximum site design load specified by the engine generator set label (see
Clause 6.1.1.4).
10.3.1.2
Notwithstanding Clause 10.3.1.1, where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to
essential electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32, a heath care facility administrator or
representative shall be present at all testing and commissioning of new and relocated auxiliary essential
generator sets. Testing shall be performed at building load for 2 h, in accordance with Clause 10.2.1,
followed by 6 h at maximum site design load.
Note: Testing at full building load might not be possible depending on the season.
10.3.2
10.3.2.1
The building load may serve as part or all of the test load if it is continuous and may be supplemented by
a load bank if necessary. The emergency generator set may be tested on site at unity power factor if rated
load tests at the rated power factor were performed by the manufacturer of the emergency generator set
before shipment.
10.3.2.2
The emergency generator set may be factory tested at unity power factor if the alternator unit has been
factory tested at rated power factor and load at the alternator manufacturer’s facilities.
10.3.2.3
A copy of the alternator manufacturer’s factory test report shall be included with the alternator unit.
10.3.3
The full-load test may be initiated by any method that will start the engine and, immediately upon the
engine reaching its rated speed, pick up the maximum site design load in one step.
10.3.4
The data specified in Clause 10.2.3 shall be recorded at first load acceptance and every 15 min thereafter
until completion of the test period.
22
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
10.3.5
Where a generator is intended for use in a Class A or B HCF, voltage and frequency variations during load
switching shall be measured and recorded as follows:
(a) Install continuous strip chart recorders to record frequency and voltage variations during
load-switching procedures.
(b) Delay each load change until steady-state conditions exist.
(c) Switch increments to include typical loads such as
(i) no load to full load to no load;
(ii) no load to 70% load to no load;
(iii) 40% load to 60% load to no load; and
(iv) 60% load to 80% load to no load.
10.4 Cycle crank test
10.4.1
The engine shall be prevented from running (any method recommended by the manufacturer may be
used). The mode selector shall then be placed in the “Manual” position to cause the engine to crank.
10.4.2
The cranking cycle specified in Clause 7.5 shall be observed and recorded.
10.4.3
The cranking cycle shall be repeated a second time to demonstrate that the batteries or compressed air as
specified in Clauses 7.6.1.1 and 7.6.2.1, respectively, has sufficient capacity for a total cranking time
of 60 s.
10.4.4
The time required to recharge the batteries or compressed air shall be demonstrated to meet the
requirements of Clause 7.6.1.3 or 7.6.2.3, as applicable.
10.5 Safety shutdown and alarms
The emergency supply shall be tested as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure that all safety
shutdowns and alarms respond as specified in Table 1. Shutdown tests shall be conducted, where possible,
with the generator under load conditions.
10.6 Ventilation
During the tests specified in Clauses 10.2 and 10.3, it shall be demonstrated that the ventilation system
will maintain the room temperature within the allowable tolerances specified in Clauses 6.7 and 6.8.
10.7 Operator training
The owner’s representative responsible for compliance with the inspection, test, and maintenance
requirements specified in Tables 2 to 4 shall witness the tests required by Clauses 10.1 to 10.6 and shall
receive instruction on the proper performance of the work specified in Tables 2 to 4. The owner’s
representative shall ensure that appropriately qualified personnel perform the work specified in
Tables 2 to 4.
10.8 Oil analysis
Where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential electrical systems in
conformance with CSA Z32 after 24 h of installed generator running time, a sample of the engine oil shall
be extracted and analyzed in order to detect any copper, bronze, water, glycol, or other contaminants.
The test results shall be saved for comparison with future routine scheduled analyses.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
23
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
11 Operation and maintenance program
11.1 General
11.1.1 Operation and maintenance
The emergency electrical power supply equipment shall be operated and maintained in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommendations and instruction manuals and the requirements of Clauses 11.1.2
to 11.5.
Note: See Clause B.20 for commentary on this Clause.
11.1.2 Inspection, testing, and maintenance log
A permanent log of the inspection, testing, and maintenance of the emergency electrical power supply
system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s manual of operating and maintenance
instructions and cover at least the items specified in Tables 2 to 6.
This log shall be kept on site and shall include
(a) the date on which an inspection, testing, and maintenance exercise was carried out;
(b) the name(s) of the person(s) who performed the inspection, testing, and maintenance;
(c) notes on any unsatisfactory conditions observed or discovered and the steps taken to correct such
conditions; and
(d) copies of the design and installation performance test certificates.
11.2 Instructions, tools, and spare parts
11.2.1 Manual of operating and maintenance instructions
11.2.1.1
At least two copies of a manual containing mechanical and electrical drawings and instructions for the
operation and maintenance of the emergency generator equipment shall be provided. The manual shall
cover all of the elements affecting the reliable operation of the emergency electrical power supply,
including the engine generator set and associated accessories, the generator control panel, the protective
devices, and the transfer switch(es).
11.2.1.2
The manual should be available in both English and French.
11.2.1.3
One copy of the manual shall be kept in the safe custody of the person responsible for overall control of
the operation and maintenance program.
11.2.1.4
Copies of the manual to be used by the operating and maintenance staff shall be kept in a location
convenient for staff use.
11.2.2 Tools
Any special tools and gauges needed for routine maintenance shall be kept in a secure location accessible
to the operating and maintenance staff when necessary.
Note: A possible suitable location is the area where the engine generator set is installed.
24
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
11.3 Annual test
The emergency generator set shall be subjected annually to a 2 h full-load test (see Table 5) in accordance
with Clauses 10.3.1 to 10.3.4. In parallel generator set installations, each generator may be load tested
individually if synchronization and load sharing is demonstrated. All inspection covers shall be opened or
removed, as necessary, to provide access to all electrical connections during this test.
Note: See Clause B.19 for commentary on this Clause.
11.4 Periodic operational tests
The emergency electrical power supply system shall be completely tested as specified in Table 3 at least
once a month in all facilities. Where a generator set is required for emergency power supply to essential
electrical systems in conformance with CSA Z32, it shall be completely tested in accordance with Tables 2
and 3 at least once a week.
11.5 Maintenance
11.5.1 General
The emergency electrical power supply shall be maintained as specified in the manufacturer’s manual of
operating and maintenance instructions, provided that the manual covers at least the items specified in
Tables 2 to 6. The owner’s representative shall ensure that qualified personnel with appropriate training,
experience, and supervision perform the maintenance work.
11.5.2 Frequency of procedures
The minimum frequency of inspection, testing, and maintenance procedures shall be as specified in
Tables 2 to 6. Additional requirements may be specified by manufacturers, operators, or authorities having
jurisdiction and shall be permanently recorded in the manual of operating and maintenance instructions
and the log.
Note: See Clause B.21 for commentary on this Clause.
11.5.3 Records
A permanent log of the maintenance work (including inspections and tests) shall be maintained in
accordance with the manufacturer’s manual of operating and maintenance instructions (see
Clause 11.5.1). The permanent log shall be kept on site and shall include at least the following:
(a) the date on which the work was done;
(b) a note of parts replaced;
(c) a note of any unsatisfactory condition discovered and the steps taken to correct it;
(d) the name of the person who performed the work; and
(e) a note verifying that any switches or controls that were deactivated for safety purposes during
maintenance have been restored to their intended operating condition.
Note: A permanent logbook meeting all of the requirements of this Standard is available from CSA (C282 Logbook).
11.5.4 Safety
11.5.4.1 26
If a maintenance procedure involves a risk of injury because of moving parts or energized electrical parts,
steps shall be taken before the work is begun to deactivate all automatic and manual control devices for
the parts with which contact will be made.
11.5.4.2
Signs shall be installed on the equipment at the entrance to the enclosure and on the door to the room
housing the equipment stating that the equipment is automatically controlled and could start at any time.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
25
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
11.5.5 Visual inspection of fuel (clear and bright test)
11.5.5.1 General
All fuel supplied to the emergency generator set shall be clean and clear and bright as specified in
Clause 11.5.5.4. Immediately upon completion of the annual fuel oil inventory maintenance specified in
Table 5, the fuel oil shall be tested to verify that it is clear and bright. If the fuel fails the test, the tank shall
be flushed to remove built-up sludge and impurities.
Note: The purpose of this test is to detect possible water or solid contaminants in diesel fuel by visual inspection. The test
method is based on ASTM D4176.
11.5.5.2 Description
The fuel shall be placed in a transparent bottle or container (see Clause 11.5.5.3) and examined to
determine whether it is clear and bright. Samples for the clear and bright test shall be obtained from the
bottoms of the storage and day tanks.
11.5.5.3 Equipment
A dry, capped, clear glass bottle or container capable of holding 250 to 1000 mL of liquid shall be used.
The bottle or container shall have a clear, undistorted bottom and be thoroughly washed before the test.
11.5.5.4 Procedure
The following procedure shall be followed:
(a) Wash the fuel sample bottle or container before gathering each sample.
(b) Let the sample settle for 1 min to remove air bubbles.
(c) Observe the sample against a light background for a clear and bright condition. Swirl the bottle or
container to create a vortex (free water and solids tend to collect beneath the vortex).
11.5.5.5 Interpretation of test results
The samples shall be clear and bright. The visual clarity shall be recorded as clear and bright or not clear
and bright. It shall be recorded whether particulate matter or water was seen at the bottom of the vortex.
Note: The term “clear and bright” has no relation to the natural fuel oil colour. Fuel oil colour varies from water white, to
straw colour, to amber, depending on the processing and/or crude source. Clear and bright fuel has no floating or suspended
matter. Brightness is a quality independent of the sample colour and refers to the lack of suspended or free water in the
sample. Bright fuel tends to sparkle.
26
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Table 1
Safety indicators and shutdowns
(See Clauses 7.4.1, 7.4.2, and 10.5.)
Indicator/function (at battery voltage)
CV (see
RA (see
Clause 7.4.1(d)) Clause 7.4.1(e)) S
Notes
1.
Overcrank
X
X
X
—
2.
Low engine temperatures (i.e., too low for
reliable start)
X
X
—
—
3.
High engine temperature pre-alarm
X
X
—
—
4.
High engine temperature
X
X
X
1
5.
Low lube oil pressure pre-alarm
O
O
—
—
6.
Low lube oil pressure
X
X
X
1
7.
Overspeed
X
X
X
1
8.
Low fuel (signals less than 2 h of fuel remaining) X
X
—
—
9.
Emergency electrical power supply system
supplying load
O
—
—
2
10. Control switch not in automatic position
X
—
—
—
11. Low voltage in battery
X
X
—
—
12. Lamp test
X
—
—
—
13. Contacts for local and remote common alarm
X
X
—
—
14. Audible alarm silencing switch
—
X
—
—
15. Low starting air pressure (if applicable)
X
X
—
—
16. Low starting hydraulic pressure (if applicable)
X
X
—
—
17. Air shutdown damper (if applicable)
X
X
—
—
18. Remote emergency stop (if applicable)
—
O
O
—
19. Low coolant level (if applicable)
X
X
—
—
20. Ventilation dampers not open
O
O
—
—
21. Day tank containment leak sensing
X
X
—
—
22. Automatic transfer switch in bypass mode
(if applicable)
X
X
—
3
23. Underfrequency/underspeed
O
—
—
—
24. Overcurrent
O
—
—
—
25. Undervoltage
O
—
—
—
26. Overvoltage
O
—
—
—
27. Main disconnect open
X
X
—
4
28. Audible gas valve closure alarm (from
position-indicating contact)
—
X
—
—
(Continued)
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
27
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Table 1 (Continued)
Legend:
CV
RA
S
X
O
—
—
—
—
—
Control-panel-mounted visual indicator
Remote audible indicator
Shutdown of emergency power system
Required
Optional
Notes:
(1) To ensure that the emergency power system is operational for as long as possible, shutdown should be delayed until
failure is imminent. The setting of Item 4 shall be not less than 110% of normal temperature, the setting of Item 6 shall
be not more than 40% of normal pressure, and the setting of Item 7 shall be not less than 115% of normal speed.
(2) An ac ammeter is acceptable for this function.
(3) An automatic transfer switch requires a remote audible safety indicator for both the automatic and bypass modes.
(4) The main disconnect open indicator should be included with the common “generator trouble” alarm indication on the
fire alarm panel.
28
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Table 2
Weekly inspection, test, and maintenance requirements
(See Clauses 6.11.2, 10.7, 11.1.2, 11.4, 11.5.1, and 11.5.2 and Tables 3 to 5.)
1. Consumables:
(a) Inspect day tank fuel level (gas pressure) and main tank level (gas pressure) (if applicable). There shall be a
minimum supply of 2 h (see Clause 7.3.1).
(b) Inspect lubricating oil level.
(c) Inspect engine coolant level.
(d) Inspect engine, generator, fuel tank(s), and cooling systems for leakage.
(e) Inspect for proper operation of fuel transfer pump (if applicable).
(f) Inspect fuel filter for contamination if filter is equipped with a transparent bowl.
2. Starter system:
(a) Inspect electric starter for cleanliness, mounting, and terminal security.
(b) Air starter:
(i) Inspect air tanks for pressure.
(ii) Inspect valves for leakage.
(iii) Test auxiliary engine and compressor for proper operation.
(iv) Bleed off any condensation.
3. Batteries and charging equipment:
(a) Inspect all battery cells for correct electrolyte fill level.
(b) Test all battery cells for correct electrolyte specific gravity.
(c) Inspect electrical connections for tightness and evidence of corrosion.
(d) Inspect battery for cleanliness and dryness between terminals.
(e) Inspect charger electrical connections for cleanliness and tightness.
(f) Test charger for proper operation of float and equalize modes.
4. Engine:
(a) Test lubricant and/or coolant heaters for proper operation.
(b) Inspect governor control linkages and oil level (if applicable).
(c) Inspect fuel pump oil sump (if applicable).
(d) Inspect fan belts for correct tension and wear.
5. Control panel:
(a) Inspect control panel covers for security.
(b) Test annunciator lamps to confirm that they are operational.
(c) Inspect control panel settings (ensure that the unit is ready for automatic start-up).
(d) Test remote visual and audible trouble signals at the building fire alarm panel.
6. Inspect air control louvre settings to ensure proper operation.
7. Test emergency lighting unit(s).
8. Verify whether room temperature is above 10 °C.
9. Inspect generator and transfer switch room(s) for cleanliness and accessibility to all components of the
emergency system.
10. Correct all defects found during inspections and tests.
11. Record all inspections, tests, and corrective actions in the log (see Clause 11.5.3).
Note: The person performing the work described in this Table shall have received appropriate training and be qualified to
perform the specified tasks.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
29
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Table 3
Monthly inspection, test, and maintenance requirements
(See Clauses 10.7, 11.1.2, 11.4, 11.5.1, and 11.5.2 and Tables 4 and 5.)
1. Complete all items specified in Table 2.
2. Test and verify the entire system as follows:
(a) Simulate a failure of the normal electrical supply to the building.
(b) Operate the system under at least 30% of the rated load for 60 min.
(c) Operate all automatic transfer switches under load.
(d) Inspect brush operation for sparking.
(e) Inspect for bearing seal leakage.
(f) Inspect for correct operation of all auxiliary equipment, e.g., radiator shutter control, coolant pumps, fuel
transfer pumps, oil coolers, and engine room ventilation system(s).
(g) Record the readings for all instruments in the log (see Clause 11.5.3) and verify that they are normal.
(h) Drain the exhaust system condensate trap.
3. Inspect block heater hoses and wires.
4. Correct all defects found during inspections and tests.
5. Record all inspections, tests, and corrective actions in the log (see Clause 11.5.3).
Note: The person performing the work described in this Table shall have received appropriate training and be qualified to
perform the specified tasks.
Table 4
Semi-annual inspection, test, and maintenance requirements
(See Clauses 10.7, 11.1.2, 11.5.1, and 11.5.2 and Table 5.)
1. Complete all items specified in Tables 2 and 3.
2. Inspect and clean engine crankcase breathers.
3. Inspect and clean all engine linkages.
4. Lubricate the engine governor and ventilation system.
5. Test protective devices for proper operation.
6. Before start-up, perform two full cranking cycles (as specified in Clauses 10.4.1 and 10.4.2). Near the end of
each cycle (and while still cranking), measure and record the lowest indicated battery voltage. If the measured
voltage is less than 80% of the battery’s rated voltage, replace the battery. Alternatively, perform a battery load
test using a suitable load tester.
7. Inspect ventilation system belt(s).
8. Correct all defects found during inspections and tests.
9. Record all inspections, tests, and corrective actions in the log (see Clause 11.5.3).
Note: Items 2 to 9 require special skill and shall be carried out by a qualified contractor, the system manufacturer, or
individuals trained and certified by the system manufacturer.
30
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Table 5
Annual inspection, test, and maintenance requirements
(See Clauses 11.1.2, 11.3, 11.5.1, 11.5.2, 11.5.5.1, and B.22.)
1. Complete all items specified in Tables 2 to 4.
2. Control panel:
(a) Open all inspection covers and inspect all electrical connections.
(b) Test breakers for proper operation.
(c) Clean insulators and bushings.
(d) Test voltage regulator for proper operation.
(e) Operate all moving parts to ensure that they move freely.
(f) Clean and dress contacts as necessary.
(g) Remove all dust.
(h) Check gauge calibration.
(i) With the generator set operating at full load (see Clause 11.3), conduct an infrared survey of all electrical
connections to identify any high-resistance connections.
(j) For off-site fueled generators, turn position-indicating gas valve to off-position to ensure valve rotates
properly and that the audible alarm on generator control panel is activated.
3. Engine:
(a) Change engine lubrication oil and filters.
(b) Test strength of coolant and chemical protection level of coolant inhibitors.
(c) Change fuel filters, clean strainer(s), and verify that the fuel supply valve is open.
(d) Inspect the exhaust system. Check and record the back pressure of the exhaust system to ensure that it
complies with the engine manufacturer’s requirements, and compare with previous readings.
(e) Clean and lubricate linkages.
(f) Inspect air filters.
(g) Inspect all mechanical connections.
(h) Inspect all electrical connections.
(i) For spark ignition engines, inspect all components of ignition system(s) and service or replace as
appropriate.
(j) Inspect all external surfaces of heat exchanger(s) and clean as necessary.
(k) Inspect all belts and hoses and replace if necessary.
(l) Test and inspect ignition system(s). Replace any defective components.
(m) Inspect coolant pump(s) for leaks and external wear (if belt driven, remove the belt(s) first).
4. Diesel fuel storage tank(s):
The fuel oil in any storage tank (and day tank, if used) shall be tested in accordance with Clause 11.5.5, and if the
fuel oil fails the test, it shall be
(a) drained and refilled with fresh fuel in accordance with Article 6.5.1.5 of the National Fire Code of Canada; or
(b) full filtered to remove water, scale, bacteria, and oxidized gums/resins in order to minimize filter clogging
and ensure diesel start-up (see Clause B.22 for commentary).
When the fuel is filtered, it shall be treated with a suitable conditioner and stabilizer to minimize degradation while
in storage.
Note: The bottom(s) of the tank(s) shall be also tested chemically for water.
5. Generator:
(a) Test surge suppressor and rotating rectifier on brushless machines.
(b) Grease bearings (replace old grease with new) (if applicable).
(c) Clean commutator and slip rings (if applicable).
(d) Clean rotor and stator windings using clean compressed air.
(e) Inspect coupling bolts and alignment.
(f) Inspect conduits for tightness.
(g) Inspect windings at rotor and stator slots.
(h) Inspect all electrical connections.
(i) With the generator set operating at full load (see Clause 11.3), conduct an infrared survey of all electrical
connections to identify any high-resistance connections.
(Continued)
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
31
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Table 5 (Concluded)
6. Transfer switches:
(a) Isolate transfer switch, open all inspection covers, and inspect all electrical connections.
(b) Operate all moving parts to ensure that they move freely.
(c) Clean and dress contacts as required.
(d) Remove all dust.
(e) Clean and lubricate linkages.
(f) Conduct an infrared survey of all electrical connections, contacts, and energized components while under
load on both the normal and the emergency side.
7. Lubricate door locks and hinges (if necessary), especially those of outdoor enclosures.
8. Conduct a 2 h full-load test (see Clause 11.3).
9. As needed, review and provide instruction on the technical requirements specified in Tables 2 to 4 with the
person(s) responsible for carrying out the work.
10. Correct all defects found during inspections and tests.
11. Record all inspections, tests, and corrective actions in the log (see Clause 11.5.3).
Note: Items 2 to 11 require special skill and shall be carried out by a qualified contractor, the system manufacturer, or
individuals trained and certified by the system manufacturer.
Table 6
Quinquennial (every five years) inspection,
test, and maintenance requirements
(See Clauses 11.1.2, 11.5.1, and 11.5.2.)
1. Generator:
Inspect insulation of generator windings. Use an insulation tester (megger). The resistance in megohms should
be not less than
Rated voltage + 1000
1000
If the resistance is less, dry out the insulation using the auxiliary heat process.
2. Engine:
(a) Drain and flush the cooling system. Refill the system with new coolant.
(b) Clean radiator tubes and cooling fins.
(c) Replace thermostats.
(d) Inspect valve clearances and adjust as appropriate.
3. Correct all defects found during inspections and tests.
4. Record all inspections, tests, and corrective actions in the log (see Clause 11.5.3).
Note: Items 1 to 4 require special skill and shall be carried out by a qualified contractor, the system manufacturer, or
individuals trained and certified by the system manufacturer.
32
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Annex A (informative)
Recommendations on emergency electrical power
for life-support equipment
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
A.1 General
Many people rely on electricity to run the machines that keep them alive. In some cases, people with
neuromuscular conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), muscular dystrophy, polio, and
spinal cord injuries risk death if the power supply to their homes is interrupted. Therefore, designers of
residential buildings should give serious consideration to the issue of emergency power outlet loads (and
also to emergency lighting) in building design, construction, and maintenance.
Notes:
(1) This Standard does not attempt to specify the type or amount of equipment or power requirements to ensure that
minimum emergency electrical power is available to persons who depend on life-support equipment for survival during
failure of normal power.
(2) Citizens for Independence in Living and Breathing (CILB), a Canadian charitable organization, can be contacted for
information on emergency electrical power for life-support systems in dwelling units.
A.2 Recommendations on emergency electrical power for
life-support equipment
A.2.1
The recommendations specified in Clause A.2.2 concern emergency electrical power for assisting people
who depend on life-support equipment such as
(a) portable ventilators and ventilators connected to the wheelchairs;
(b) portable suction machines;
(c) electric wheelchairs with gel cells and ventilators; and
Note: The combined weight of such a wheelchair and its occupant can exceed 225 kg. If the power supply to the
wheelchair fails, the physical effort involved in moving the wheelchair and its occupant out of his or her home obviously
becomes much greater.
(d) battery chargers.
A.2.2
The following actions should be taken with regard to emergency electrical power for life-support
equipment:
(a) installation of emergency power outlets in a designated ground-floor common room, to be used for
charging essential medical and mobility equipment. At least ten duplex receptacles should be
provided (i.e., one each for at least ten individuals); and
(b) installation of emergency lighting in the designated common room sufficient to facilitate health care
procedures such as suctioning and maintenance of tubing circuits.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
33
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Annex B (informative)
Commentary
Notes:
(1) This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
(2) The clause and table numbers in parentheses in this Annex correspond to clause and table numbers in the body of this
Standard.
B.1 (Clause 5.2)
The emergency electrical power supply system should be protected from the effects of a fire anywhere
outside the room for the specified time period. The location of the air intake should be selected to
minimize the possibility that it could be exposed to a fire outside the building. Also, the building should be
protected from the effects of a fire in the emergency electrical power supply room for the specified time
period.
Note: The emergency services in a building can be required to operate when the building is threatened by an external fire.
B.2 (Clause 5.3)
The primary function of the emergency electrical power supply is to provide electrical power to the
life safety equipment in the event that the normal supply is not available. The normal power supply can fail
at the same time as a fire emergency in the building and such failure can possibly be caused by the fire
emergency. Consequently, the power and control wiring that connects components of the emergency
electrical power supply system and is necessary for the supply of emergency electrical power to the
life safety equipment should continue to function for the durations stipulated in the NBCC even if exposed
to the fire.
Note: Refer to ULC S139 for guidance on how circuit endurance ratings are evaluated. Refer to the NBCC for the specific
period of time that a circuit should withstand a fire (this varies with the wiring application).
B.3 (Clause 6.1.1.3)
The period of running at full load is expected to be long enough to enable the generator to reach
thermally stable conditions. The customer should be made aware that if acceptable ambient conditions
and stated maintenance intervals are not met, the engine life will be reduced.
B.4 (Clause 6.2)
A service room for the emergency power generating installation is required to ensure the reliable
production and delivery of electrical power to critical emergency circuits for a specified period of time
when utility power is lost. It is expected that the service room will contain all of the elements essential to
the reliable production and delivery of that power (e.g., the engine, generator, fuel supply, starting
batteries, instrumentation, switchgear, combustion and cooling air supply damper control motors) and
that their placement in the service room will provide protection from fire, vandalism, and the elements. It
is also expected that access will be restricted to authorized personnel. Furthermore, a service room in a
building is not subject to accumulations of snow, leaves, or airborne or drifting debris that can
contaminate unsealed components and impair the engine cooling and combustion air supplies.
An additional benefit of a service room in a building is that it can provide a more benign environment
for the generator set and associated components. Component deterioration (e.g., corrosion, excessive
wear and tear) caused by extreme temperature and humidity is minimized. The benign environment also
increases the likelihood that required maintenance, inspection, and service activities will be carried out
34
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
carefully and conscientiously, and that service personnel will not be impeded or distracted by inclement
weather.
An installation other than one inside a service room in a building needs to provide these same features,
all of which bear on the reliability of the emergency power supply and its ability to fulfill its intended role.
The enclosure also should be designed to comply with local noise requirements.
Ideally, the emergency electrical power supply plant should be located within one storey of grade. The
separate service room should be located to facilitate quick access by service personnel, including their
tools and materials, in the event that the generator fails to start or fails while operating during an
emergency in which utility power is not available.
The automatic transfer switch(es) should be located in an area considered to present a relatively low risk
of damage from fire, high temperatures, impacts, flooding, etc. Specifically, areas containing equipment
such as fuel-fired boilers, high-pressure steam equipment or lines, and vehicular traffic should not be
considered suitable locations. Similarly, sub-grade pits that are subject to flooding should not be
considered suitable locations.
B.5 (Clause 6.4.3)
This Standard does not define acceptable levels of voltage distortion caused by non-linear loads for the
proper operation of the emergency power distribution system. Although IEEE 519 was prepared primarily
to address power utility concerns regarding harmonic distortion, it can be used as a source of general
information on the subject. Generator manufacturers have also prepared technical papers on the subject
and should be consulted about the characteristics of the non-linear loads that are intended to be
connected to the emergency power distribution system.
Some of the techniques that have been employed to mitigate problems include the following:
(a) use of three-phase rms voltage sensing on the voltage regulator to help reduce the impact of the
commutation spike from silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs);
(b) specification of generators with a lower per-unit subtransient reactance;
(c) oversizing of the generator to accommodate the non-linear load;
(d) employment of harmonic filters at non-linear loads; and
Note: Harmonic filters can cause harmonic resonance conditions with the power source(s) or undesirable interactions
with other devices, and therefore can require careful application, site testing, and verification.
(e) specification of generators with permanent magnet pilot exciters.
Notes:
(1) The suitability for each application of techniques used to mitigate non-linear load effects should be carefully reviewed
by the designer and supplier.
(2) It can be difficult to completely predict the impact of non-linear loads on the emergency power distribution system.
On-site verification with the actual connected and operational loads is necessary, as is use of an oscilloscope and/or
harmonic waveform analyzer to identify the non-linear loads.
B.6 (Clause 6.5.2)
This does not necessarily mean that the units should be in separate service rooms. Adequate protection
should be provided to ensure that the electrical or mechanical failure of one unit has a minimal physical
impact on another unit. This protection can consist of a suitable barrier or double the normal service
clearances required by the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I and this Standard.
The failure of one unit should not result in a loss of fuel, control power, cooling or combustion air, etc.
to the other unit. Each unit should be capable of operating independently.
B.7 (Clause 6.9.1)
Generator sets may be paralleled for redundancy or capacity.
When generator sets are paralleled for redundancy, it is expected that, if one fails, the surviving
generator set(s) will continue to operate and to support the essential loads. To achieve this, the generator
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
35
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
sets need to have an adequate step load performance. In the case of two paralleled generator sets, each
set needs to have a step load capability from 50 to 100% of rated load, with voltage deviation, frequency
deviation, and duration of deviation remaining within the tolerances of the most sensitive essential loads
supplied by the system. In the case of three paralleled generator sets, each set needs a step load capability
from 66 to 100% of rated load.
When generator sets are paralleled for capacity, it is expected that, if one fails, the surviving generator
set(s) will be instantly overloaded and, unless adequate action is taken, will quickly shut down, leaving the
building without emergency power. In this situation, a system of paralleled generator sets will be
substantially less reliable than a single set, in that failure of any one set will result in the failure of all sets. It
is for this reason that paralleling of generator sets should be given very careful consideration and, if
deemed necessary, consideration should be given to adding a redundant generator to improve reliability.
When generator sets are paralleled for capacity without the benefit of a redundant unit, control systems
should be provided to automatically shed load. Load shedding should be a high-speed operation in order
to reduce the load within the rating of the surviving generator set(s) before the system voltage and
frequency have decayed to the point that the surviving generator(s) cannot recover. Typically, this is
achieved by a dedicated system provided as part of the generator switchboard. A system that attempts to
achieve load shedding via a separate building automation system is unlikely to respond fast enough to
prevent shutdown of the surviving generator set(s).
B.8 (Clause 7.3.1)
Unless otherwise specified by the engine manufacturer, fuel oil consumption for a diesel engine can be
estimated as 0.48 L (0.5 US quarts) per horsepower per hour.
B.9 (Clause 7.3.2)
It is the intent of Clause 7.3.2 to allow the use of off-site fuel without mandating on-site fuel storage only
in situations where both the supply of fuel by a utility company and all of the considerations related to the
geographical location of the building satisfy the reliability criteria. The burden of proof rests with the
design engineer and the utility company.
B.10 (Clause 7.3.4)
The use of fuel other than that specified by the manufacturer can lead to poor operation of the engine,
failure to start, poor transient performance, higher emissions, shorter engine life, and inability to carry load
(e.g., furnace oil is not a suitable substitute for diesel fuel).
B.11 (Clause 7.3.6)
The intent of Clause 7.3.6, which permits the use of off-site fuel supply, is twofold:
(a) provide and maintain a clear separation between the gas piping supplying the emergency generator
and the ones for the regular consumers; and
(b) provide for a quick identification for the benefit of the responding fire department of the location of
the shut-off gas valve.
Some local gas utilities have developed a standardized gas pressure regulator station (“Station”) design
that meets the requirements of Clause 7.3.6 and that they will install for their customers. Below is an
example of Ontario’s gas utility’s Station highlighting specific features that are designed to meet each of
the requirements of Clause 7.3.6.
Notes:
(1) Users are encouraged to consult with their local gas utility for further information.
(2) The utilities will only install this Station to serve off-site fueled emergency generators that have life safety equipment
connected as specified in Clause 4.1. Generators fed by an off-site fuel source that do not have any connected life
36
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
safety equipment are considered by firefighters as non-emergency appliances, and as such, the utilities will not install
one of these Stations.
Feature 1: Piping design
The Station has a separate supply branch-line to feed the building’s dedicated gas-line to the emergency
generator(s), allowing fire fighters to turn off the gas supply to all gas appliances without interrupting the
gas supply to the emergency generator(s). See Figure B.1.
! Ball valve complete
with limit switch
Emergency Generator
DO NOT SHUT OFF
*
*
Generator supply line
Customer piping
*
Meter
Non-emergency
supply line
*
*
*
*
*
* Secured valves along path
to emergency generator
! Position-indicating valve
(utility-grade)
*
Main inlet valve
Emergency Generator
DO NOT SHUT OFF
Note: Figure courtesy of Enbridge Gas Distribution.
Figure B.1
Utility-fed emergency generator gas regulator station
Feature 2: Standard signage
Each Station has two reflective, weather-proof signs securely fastened each with the wording:
“EMERGENCY GENERATOR — DO NOT SHUT OFF”. One sign is located near the Station’s main service
valve at the entry point of the Station. The second sign is located near the shut-off valve (also referred to
as the “position-indicating valve”) on the emergency generator supply branch-line. See Figure B.1.
Feature 3: Valve colour coding
The shut-off valve located on the non-emergency generator supply branch-line will be coloured red. None
of the other valves located in the gas pressure regulator Station will be coloured red. The intent of having
only one red-coloured valve in the Station is to assist fire fighters in quickly locating the valve they need to
turn to switch off the gas supply to all gas appliances in the building except the emergency generator(s).
See Figure B.1.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
37
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Feature 4: Reflective tape
The Station has a minimum of three bands of weather-proof reflective yellow black-striped tape. They are
located on the piping, on either side of the position-indicating valve and just before the flange at the
beginning of the emergency generator supply branch-line. The reflective tape serves the following two
purposes:
(a) to provide a distinctive look to the Station; and
(b) to assist firefighters in locating the Station in dark or poor weather conditions.
See Figure B.1.
Feature 5: Position-indicating valve
Each Station has a utility-grade manual gas valve with electrical contacts which can signal open and
closed positions back to the generator control panel. The location of this valve is on the emergency
generator supply branch-line. In the case of Ontario, the gas utilities will install this valve, but owners are
required to maintain it. See Figure B.1.
Feature 6: Secured valves
All valves along the pathway within the Station from the main service valve to the position-indicating
valve inclusive will be secured in the open position, except the meter by-pass valve which will be secured
in a closed position. The fastening can take the form of locks, pins or bolts. The intent of securing the
valves is to minimize the chance of unauthorized personnel disturbing the flow of fuel to the emergency
generator. See Figure B.1.
Bi-fuel:
In the case where an emergency generator will be fueled by a simultaneous combination of on-site and
off-site fuels, often referred to as “bi-fuel”, neither a dedicated line nor a modified Station conveying the
off-site fuel is required if the generator is able to meet the power supply performance requirements in
accordance with Clause 6.4.1. Many of the bi-fuel systems will enable an engine to continue operating
seamlessly should there be an interruption to the supply of the off-site fuel. In this case, the emergency
generator will effectively be fed solely from the on-site fuel source whose supply requires conformance
with Clause 7.3.1.
B.12 (Clause 7.3.7)
The requirement for a 4 h capacity day tank is intended to accommodate the required testing of the
engine while maintaining a store of available fuel of not less than 2 h at all times. It is expected that the
day tank will not be refilled after every test but only when the remaining volume of fuel approaches the
2 h level. At the consumption rate specified in Clause B.8, a 4 h day tank should have a capacity of 1.9 L
(2 US quarts) per horsepower, plus 5% volume for expansion and 5% volume for sump. Larger-capacity
tanks can be necessitated by refill cycle frequency and fuel heating due to recirculation. When the
returned fuel from the engine is piped to a location other than the day tank (e.g., to deal with heating of
the fuel because it is used to cool the engine), the 4 h rated capacity of the tank should be based on the
maximum rate of fuel flow to the engine (i.e., consumed fuel plus returned fuel).
B.13 (Clause 7.3.8)
CSA B139 permits the storage of up to 1100 L (240 imperial gal or 290 US gal) of fuel oil in unenclosed
tanks above the lowest storey, cellar, or basement when the fuel oil supplies an emergency generator set.
Provisions for spill containment can include protective measures such as a curb or dike for large tanks or
approved double-walled tanks. These provisions are preferable to relying on remotely located secondary
fuel storage tanks.
38
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
B.14 (Clause 7.3.9)
When the capacity of the day tank is less than 4 h, the fuel level can drop below the necessary minimum of
2 h as a result of routine maintenance and testing. For this reason, an automatic refilling system is needed
to ensure that the tank is full at all times. Since there will always be 2 h of fuel in the generator room, the
pump does not have to be on emergency power, although this is preferred. In addition, a single pump is
acceptable, although duplexed pumps are preferred. When the returned fuel from the engine is piped to a
location other than the day tank (e.g., back to the secondary storage tank in order to deal with fuel
heating), the minimum 2 h rating of the tank should be based on the maximum fuel flow rate of the
engine (i.e., consumed fuel plus returned fuel). Fire protection of the power and control wiring to the fuel
transfer pump (as required by Clause 7.3.10) is not necessary because the day tank is expected to contain
at least 2 h of fuel at all times.
B.15 (Clauses 7.3.10 and 7.3.11)
When the capacity of the day tank is less than 2 h, the fuel stored in the room will not be sufficient to meet
life safety considerations; consequently, the pumping system needs to provide reliable operation
equivalent to that of a day tank located in the generator room. Also, the fuel pumping, piping, and
associated electrical equipment and wiring need to be adequately protected from fire and heat so that the
tank can provide continued operation throughout a 2 h fire emergency. When the returned fuel from the
engine is piped to a location other than the day tank (e.g., back to the secondary storage tank in order to
deal with fuel heating), the maximum day tank net fuel removal rate is the sum of the consumed fuel and
the returned fuel.
B.16 (Clause 8.7.1)
Most systems use moulded-case circuit breakers for protection; unfortunately, the ability to achieve
selective tripping under short-circuit conditions is extremely limited. At a minimum, it is considered
reasonable to allow a loss of selective tripping with the breaker that feeds the normal input of the
automatic transfer switch so long as the transfer switch can transfer to emergency power and restore
power to all other loads. This prohibits the use of a main circuit breaker with an instantaneous trip (e.g., a
moulded-case breaker) in the main emergency panel or switchboard and necessitates that, if the generator
breaker or any generator feeder breakers have instantaneous trips (e.g., moulded-case breakers), the trips
need be set higher than the available fault current from the generator.
It should be noted that moulded-case breakers with electronic trips with short time delays still have
instantaneous trips (instantaneous override trips), which operate at a relatively low value and are not
necessarily adjustable.
The use of air circuit breakers or power circuit breakers with a true short time rating and no
instantaneous trips allows a much greater level of coordination to be achieved when compared with the
use of moulded-case breakers.
It is generally not possible to ensure selective tripping under short-circuit conditions between
downstream panel breakers and the breakers that feed the panels because moulded-case breakers are
typically used. Selective tripping is achieved only when the magnitude of the fault current in the branch
circuit is so low that it does not release the instantaneous trip of the breaker that feeds the panel. The cost
of air circuit breakers in these applications is prohibitive.
B.17 (Clause 9.1.2)
When multiple buildings share one source of emergency electrical power supply, it is possible that there
will be multiple owners, in which case the responsibility for maintaining the emergency electrical power
supply could rest on all owners and any agents acting on their behalf.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
39
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
B.18 (Clause 9.5.1)
A means of bypass is required to allow routine maintenance to be performed on the automatic transfer
switch while the life-safety equipment remains operational. It can also allow for restoration of power to life
safety equipment following a failure in the automatic transfer switch, depending on the extent of the
damage; however, this is not part of the requirement.
Life safety equipment should be operational if a building is to be occupied. Those occupancies that
require an emergency generator and cannot realistically be evacuated whenever the automatic transfer
switch should be maintained need a bypass system. Otherwise, maintenance will not be performed or will
be limited in scope. Maintenance of the automatic transfer switch in other occupancies, e.g., an office
building, can be scheduled for times when the building is unoccupied; accordingly, a means of bypass is
not necessary, although it remains a desirable feature.
Maintenance can be achieved through bypass systems integral with the transfer switch or via doubleended emergency switchboards supplied from two automatic transfer switches, provided that each
automatic transfer switch has adequate capacity to supply all of the life safety equipment.
In accordance with Clause 6.4.1, the maximum outage time resulting from a utility power outage is
15 s; accordingly, the maximum duration of an outage resulting from the operation of the bypass system
cannot exceed 15 s. A 15 s outage can be undesirable in some applications and can jeopardize the ability
to perform complete and routine maintenance on the automatic transfer switch. The system designer
should evaluate the loads supplied by the system, and if there are loads that would be adversely affected
by a momentary outage (e.g., computer equipment), or if extensive preparations are necessary before the
momentary outage, the bypass system should allow for transfer to bypass with no interruption of power. If
the sensitive loads are fed from an uninterruptible power supply to allow for continued operation during a
utility power outage while the generator is starting and during routine testing of the generator, a
momentary outage during the transfer to bypass will normally not be a concern.
A single-source means of bypass is allowed to enable cost to be minimized. A single-source means of
bypass is adequate to meet the requirement of supplying the life safety equipment while the automatic
transfer switch is being serviced; however, it will require that the generator be operated throughout the
maintenance of the automatic transfer switch.
A dual-source bypass allows maintenance to be performed on the automatic transfer switch while the
life safety equipment is supplied with either normal or emergency power. If the generator fails while the
automatic transfer switch is being maintained, a dual-source bypass allows normal power to be restored to
the life safety equipment.
Furthermore, a dual-source bypass provides a testing advantage because automatic transfer switch tests
can be conducted from either source without interrupting power to the load. With emergency source
bypass isolation only, testing an automatic transfer switch requires at least a momentary power
interruption to the load.
In many buildings with emergency power, it is not uncommon for the emergency electrical power
supply and the automatic transfer switches to be in separate rooms and on separate levels in the building.
If an automatic transfer switch is on “Normal” bypass and under repair, there might not be a quick way to
put the emergency power source into service if the utility power fails. To ensure emergency electrical
power to the building, an automatic transfer switch with “Emergency” bypass is provided.
B.19 (Clauses 10.3 and 11.3)
To minimize disturbance of electrical cables, system designers and installers should provide a suitable
junction point between the generator and the transfer switch for the periodic connection of a load bank if
this is necessary for test purposes.
B.20 (Clause 11.1.1)
When gaseous fuelled units are used and service procedures capable of introducing explosive gas mixtures
into the exhaust system, etc. have been performed, suitable methods of purging the system should be
used before engine starting is attempted.
40
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
B.21 (Clause 11.5.2)
In situations where the generator will also operate during times outside of power outages, such as peak
shaving, demand response, and/or combined heat and power (cogeneration) applications, the engine
generator can require more frequent service than is called for in the inspection, test, and maintenance
tables.
B.22 (Table 5, Item 4(b))
Diesel fuel has a limited storage life depending upon initial fuel quality, contaminant levels, and storage
conditions. To extend fuel life, it is recommended that periodic filtering and treatment of the fuel be
conducted to remove water, scale, and bacterial growth.
Where possible, fuel stored outdoors and supplying emergency generator sets should be non-seasonal
to avoid pour point and cloud point issues associated with long-term diesel storage.
When fuel is being filtered, the following procedures should be followed:
(a) The fuel should be filtered to a maximum particulate size of 20 μ, and the filter media should be
capable of removing water.
(b) The fuel (if it is being recirculated in the same tank when being filtered) should be filtered for a period
of time at least three times longer than the period necessary to process the volume of fuel in the tank
once. For example, if the volume of fuel is X and the filter unit will process X volume in 30 min, the
filter unit should be run for at least 1.5 h. This will achieve a reasonably good level of filtration. At the
same time, an effort should be made to agitate the fuel and any contamination at the bottom of the
tank to ensure treatment.
(c) Provision should be made by the designers and installers of the fuel tank(s) for easy access to the fuel
by the filter unit suction and return probes, with sufficient overhead clearance above the tank(s) and
also suitable blank plugs or similar devices in the top(s) of the tank(s) for the probes to be easily
inserted without extensive work.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
41
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
Annex C (informative)
High-speed transfer of loads
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
C.1
Many IEEE papers have been written about the high-speed transfer of rotating loads from one power
source to another. High-speed transfer can result in excessive transient voltages, currents, and torques.
These transient conditions have caused coupling bolts to shear, shafts to twist, fuses to blow, and supply
and branch breakers to trip.
C.2
During high-speed transfer, the momentary interruption of power to a motor creates a voltage and current
transient. When the transfer switch transfers the load from one power source to another, these sources can
be out of phase with each other, which can result in a large in-rush current and high transient torques.
C.3
Transient conditions can be reduced by ensuring that
(a) the transfer does not take place until the two power supplies are in phase, at which point the transfer
must be high speed; or
(b) the rotating equipment is disconnected from the power supply long enough to permit the motor
voltage to decay to a low value before the rotating equipment is connected to the second supply. The
transfer switch should be held in the neutral position until the motor residual voltage has decayed
sufficiently to reduce the transient to a tolerable value.
C.4
The transient conditions associated with high-speed transfer of rotating loads should be resolved by the
engine manufacturer, the transfer switch manufacturer, and the system designer.
42
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
© Canadian Standards Association
Emergency electrical power supply for buildings
Annex D (informative)
Use of emergency electrical power supply
equipment for purposes beyond emergency
situations
Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.
D.1 General
If the emergency electrical power supply equipment is to be used for functions other than providing
power for life safety loads, the points in Clauses D.2 to D.7 should be considered by the designer to ensure
that integrity of the emergency electrical power supply is not compromised.
D.2 Cooling
If the generation equipment is to be used for simultaneous production of two forms of energy (i.e.
combined heat and power, or cogeneration) from a single fuel source (diesel and/or gas), the designer
should consider providing a fully rated cooling source, such as a radiator, to ensure adequate cooling of
the engine during a power outage.
D.3 Utility parallel operation
When the emergency electrical power supply equipment is designed to operate in parallel with the
electrical utility, consideration should be given to providing the appropriate controls and performance to
perform the following:
(a) In the event of a failure of the electrical utility and when the emergency electrical power supply
equipment is not operating, the emergency electrical power supply equipment should be able to
start automatically using its own controls and be able to meet all the requirements of this standard
(island mode).
(b) In the event of a failure of the electrical utility when the emergency electrical power supply
equipment is connected in parallel, the emergency electrical power supply equipment should be able
to perform one of the following:
(i) isolate itself from the failed electrical utility and shed non-life safety loads to maintain a
continuous supply of emergency power to the all of the life safety equipment required by the
NBCC and CSA Z32 in case of an HCF; or
(ii) disconnect all loads and reconnect all of the life safety equipment within the required times
given within this standard.
(c) The designer should manage the loads connected to the emergency electrical power supply system
to ensure that there is no overloading of the generator set. The load management scheme should
incorporate all the requirements of Clause 6.4.1.
(d) Upon the return to power of the electrical utility, the emergency electrical power system controls and
performance should include paralleling with the electrical utility, the reconnection of the other loads,
and proper shutdown of the emergency electrical power system.
(e) The designer is cautioned to consider the effects of engine performance to manage the emergency
loads under the situations of island mode versus grid parallel mode.
(f) The designer should ensure that if the electrical utility fails at any time while the emergency electrical
power supply system is running, the generator start circuit keeps the unit running until the utility
power has been restored and until all of the transfer switches/transfer switchgear feeding life safety
loads have re-transferred to their normal positions.
December 2009
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
43
C282-09
© Canadian Standards Association
D.4 Step load
When generation equipment is operating in parallel with the utility, it typically runs at a constant preset
load and the electrical utility addresses the load variations. Thus, the generation equipment that is
designed to operate in parallel with the electrical utility typically has limited step load capability. The
generation equipment might need to be configured differently, such as running a richer fuel mixture when
operating in island mode, to ensure the generation equipment can handle the possible life safety
equipment variations.
D.5 Rating
Generation equipment designed for operating in parallel with the utility typically has a minimum required
load rating, while some equipment might be required to operate close to the manufacturer’s rating.
Operation of the generation equipment during emergency power operation might not fall within those
ratings. The machine should have the capabilities to handle the minimum possible life safety equipment
load and continue to operate. This minimum load level should be clearly labelled on the generator set.
D.6 Reliability
The reliability of the emergency electrical power supply equipment is of the utmost importance. When the
emergency electrical power supply equipment is designed to be paralleled with the electrical utility, the
entire system should be designed with a high level of reliability, to ensure the emergency electrical power
supply system is always available and functional to meet the requirements of this Standard.
D.7 Engine room ventilation
For some system installations, the engine room can include additional equipment from the typical
generator set installation such as heat recovery boilers, heat exchangers, and the associated piping
systems. The engine room design should allow for additional airflow in order to address these additional
components to keep the room temperature within the limits specified by engine suppliers. In addition, air
is needed for the combustion process.
44
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
December 2009
Proposition de
modification
Proposal
for change
N’hésitez pas à nous faire part de vos
suggestions et de vos commentaires. Au
moment de soumettre des propositions de
modification aux normes CSA et autres
publications CSA prière de fournir les
renseignements demandés ci-dessous et de
formuler les propositions sur une feuille
volante. Il est recommandé d’inclure
• le numéro de la norme/publication
• le numéro de l’article, du tableau ou de la
figure visé
• la formulation proposée
• la raison de cette modification.
CSA welcomes your suggestions and
comments. To submit your proposals for
changes to CSA Standards and other CSA
publications, please supply the information
requested below and attach your proposal
for change on a separate page(s). Be sure to
include the
• Standard/publication number
• relevant Clause, Table, and/or Figure
number(s)
• wording of the proposed change
• rationale for the change.
Nom/Name:
Affiliation:
Adresse/Address:
Ville/City:
État/Province/State:
Pays/Country:
Code postal/Postal/Zip code:
Téléphone/Telephone:
Télécopieur/Fax:
Date:
J’accepte que la CSA conserve et utilise les
renseignements ci-dessus afin de faciliter la réception
de mes suggestions et commentaires.
I consent to CSA collecting and using the above
information to facilitate the collection of my
suggestions and comments.
Consultez la politique CSA en matière de confidentialité
au www.csagroup.org/legal pour savoir comment nous
protégeons vos renseignements personnels.
Visit CSA’s policy on privacy at www.csagroup.org/legal
to find out how we protect your personal information.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
R
ISBN 978-1-55491-329-9
DA
I MP
IM
E
D I N CA
DA
PRI
TE
NA
N
The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains
100% recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured
using biogas energy.
A
AU CAN
100%
Licensed for/Autorisé à Dio Ortiz Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le September/19/2013.
~Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited. Permis d'utilisateur simple seulement.
Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.