comptia-network-study-guide

lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Comptia Network+ study guide Networks - C480 (Western Governors University) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes James “Professor” Messer ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes tƌŝƩĞŶďǇ:ĂŵĞƐ͞WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ͟DĞƐƐĞƌ ŽƉǇƌŝŐŚƚΞϮϬϮϭďǇDĞƐƐĞƌ^ƚƵĚŝŽƐ͕>> ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ ůůƌŝŐŚƚƐƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘EŽƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐďŽŽŬŵĂǇďĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŽƌƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞĚŝŶĂŶǇĨŽƌŵŽƌďǇĂŶǇŵĞĂŶƐ͕ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐŽƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƉŚŽƚŽĐŽƉǇŝŶŐ͕ƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ͕ŽƌďǇĂŶǇŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĂŶĚƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĂů ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚǁƌŝƩĞŶƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ͘ &ŝƌƐƚĚŝƟŽŶ͗ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϮϭ dŚŝƐŝƐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶϭ͘Ϭϰ͘ Trademark Acknowledgments ůůƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŶĂŵĞƐĂŶĚƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐĂƌĞƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽǁŶĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚĂƌĞŝŶŶŽǁĂǇĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚŽƌĂĸůŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚDĞƐƐĞƌ^ƚƵĚŝŽƐ>>͘ ͞WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͟ŝƐĂƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬŽĨDĞƐƐĞƌ^ƚƵĚŝŽƐ>>͘ ͞ŽŵƉd/͟ĂŶĚ͞EĞƚǁŽƌŬн͟ĂƌĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐŽĨŽŵƉd/͕/ŶĐ͘ Warning and Disclaimer dŚŝƐďŽŽŬŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĞǆĂŵ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŵĂǇďĞƚǇƉŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚͬŽƌĐŽŶƚĞŶƚĞƌƌŽƌƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ƚŚŝƐďŽŽŬƐŚŽƵůĚƐĞƌǀĞŽŶůǇĂƐĂ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůŐƵŝĚĞĂŶĚŶŽƚĂƐƚŚĞƵůƟŵĂƚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƐƵďũĞĐƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐŚĂůůŚĂǀĞŶŽůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇŽƌ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĂŶǇƉĞƌƐŽŶŽƌĞŶƟƚǇƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶǇůŽƐƐŽƌĚĂŵĂŐĞŝŶĐƵƌƌĞĚ͕ŽƌĂůůĞŐĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞŝŶĐƵƌƌĞĚ͕ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇŽƌŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ͕ďǇƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐďŽŽŬ͘ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Contents 1.0 - Networking Concepts ϭ͘ϭͲhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞK^/DŽĚĞů ϭ͘ϭͲĂƚĂŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdǇƉĞƐ ϭ͘ϮͲtEdĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ϭ͘ϮͲsŝƌƚƵĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ϭ͘ϮͲWƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ>ŝŶŬƐ ϭ͘ϯͲŽƉƉĞƌĂďůŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϯͲKƉƟĐĂů&ŝďĞƌ ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐ ϭ͘ϯͲĂďůĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϭ͘ϯͲƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϭ͘ϰͲŝŶĂƌǇDĂƚŚ ϭ͘ϰͲ/WǀϰĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϰͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ ϭ͘ϰͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ϭ͘ϰͲůĂƐƐĨƵů^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐĂŶĚ/Wǀϰ^ƵďŶĞƚDĂƐŬƐ ϭ͘ϰͲĂůĐƵůĂƟŶŐ/Wǀϰ^ƵďŶĞƚƐĂŶĚ,ŽƐƚƐ ϭ͘ϰͲDĂŐŝĐEƵŵďĞƌ^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ϭ͘ϰͲ^ĞǀĞŶ^ĞĐŽŶĚ^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ϭ͘ϰͲ/WǀϲĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϰͲ/Wǀϲ^ƵďŶĞƚDĂƐŬƐ ϭ͘ϰͲŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ/Wǀϲ ϭ͘ϱͲ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽ/W ϭ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶWŽƌƚƐ ϭ͘ϱͲKƚŚĞƌhƐĞĨƵůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ϭ͘ϲͲ,WKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ϭ͘ϲͲŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ,W ϭ͘ϲͲŶKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨE^ ϭ͘ϲͲE^ZĞĐŽƌĚdǇƉĞƐ ϭ͘ϲͲŶKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨEdW ϭ͘ϳͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ ϭ͘ϳͲ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ϭ͘ϴͲůŽƵĚDŽĚĞůƐ ϭ͘ϴͲĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽƵĚ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) 1 ϭ Ϯ 3 ϰ 6 6 6 7 9 9 ϭϬ ϭϭ ϭϮ ϭϯ ϭϯ ϭϰ ϭϱ ϭϱ ϭϲ ϭϲ ϭϳ ϭϳ ϭϴ ϭϴ ϭϵ ϮϬ ϮϮ Ϯϯ Ϯϯ Ϯϰ Ϯϲ Ϯϴ Ϯϴ Ϯϵ ϯϬ ϯϭ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 2.0 - Infrastructure 32 Ϯ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĞǀŝĐĞƐ Ϯ͘ϭͲĚǀĂŶĐĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĞǀŝĐĞƐ Ϯ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ Ϯ͘ϮͲǇŶĂŵŝĐZŽƵƟŶŐ Ϯ͘ϮͲZŽƵƟŶŐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ Ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ Ϯ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ^ǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ Ϯ͘ϯͲs>EƐĂŶĚdƌƵŶŬŝŶŐ Ϯ͘ϯͲ^ƉĂŶŶŝŶŐdƌĞĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů Ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ Ϯ͘ϯͲ^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲdŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĂďůĞƐ Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ Ϯ͘ϰͲĞůůƵůĂƌ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ϯ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ϯ͘ϭͲWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞDĞƚƌŝĐƐ ϯ͘ϭͲÊDW ϯ͘ϭͲ>ŽŐƐĂŶĚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ϯ͘ϮͲWůĂŶƐĂŶĚWƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ϯ͘ϮͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ϯ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ϯ͘ϮͲ,ŝŐŚǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ϯ͘ϯͲZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ^ŝƚĞƐ ϯ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ ϯ͘ϯͲǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ϯϮ ϯϮ 33 ϯϰ ϯϱ 36 36 37 ϯϴ 39 39 ϰϬ ϰϭ ϰϯ ϰϰ 44 ϰϰ ϰϱ ϰϲ ϰϲ ϰϳ ϰϴ ϰϵ ϱϬ ϱϭ ϱϭ ϱϮ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 4.0 - Network Security ϰ͘ϭͲ/dƌŝĂĚ ϰ͘ϭͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ϰ͘ϭͲĞĨĞŶƐĞŝŶĞƉƚŚ ϰ͘ϭͲƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶDĞƚŚŽĚƐ ϰ͘ϭͲZŝƐŬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϰ͘ϮͲĞŶŝĂůŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ ϰ͘ϮͲKŶͲƉĂƚŚƩĂĐŬƐ ϰ͘ϮͲs>E,ŽƉƉŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϮͲ^ƉŽŽĮŶŐ ϰ͘ϮͲZŽŐƵĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ϰ͘ϮͲDĂůǁĂƌĞĂŶĚZĂŶƐŽŵǁĂƌĞ ϰ͘ϮͲWĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƩĂĐŬƐ ϰ͘ϮͲĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ϰ͘ϮͲ^ŽĐŝĂůŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ,ĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ϰ͘ϯͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ϰ͘ϰͲZĞŵŽƚĞĐĐĞƐƐ ϰ͘ϱͲWŚǇƐŝĐĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ϱ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐĂŶĚdŽŽůƐ ϱ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐDĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ ϱ͘ϮͲĂďůĞŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ϱ͘ϮͲtŝƌĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ϱ͘ϮͲ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞdŽŽůƐ ϱ͘ϯͲ^ŽŌǁĂƌĞdŽŽůƐ ϱ͘ϯͲŽŵŵĂŶĚ>ŝŶĞdŽŽůƐ ϱ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ϱ͘ϰͲŽŵŵŽŶtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ/ƐƐƵĞƐ ϱ͘ϱͲ'ĞŶĞƌĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ϱ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ƐƐƵĞƐ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) 52 ϱϮ ϱϮ ϱϯ ϱϰ ϱϱ ϱϲ ϱϳ ϱϳ ϱϴ ϱϵ ϱϵ ϲϬ ϲϬ ϲϭ ϲϭ 63 ϲϰ ϲϱ 66 66 67 ϲϴ 69 ϳϬ ϳϭ ϳϭ 73 73 ϳϰ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ dŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝƐƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͘ĂƌĞĞƌƐŝŶǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ƐĞƌǀĞƌ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕/dƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ŽƌĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐǁŝůůĂůůŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŶĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͘/ĨǇŽƵ͛ƌĞŐŽŝŶŐ ƚŽĚŽĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů͕ƚŚĞŶǇŽƵ͛ƌĞĂůƐŽŐŽŝŶŐƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘ ŽŵƉd/͛ƐEĞƚǁŽƌŬнĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŶŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĂŶĚǁŝƌŝŶŐ͕ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ĂŶĚŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞ͘dŚĞƐĞŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐǁŝůůŚĞůƉǇŽƵǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐǇŽƵ͛ůůŶĞĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞ ĞǆĂŵ͘ĞƐƚŽĨůƵĐŬǁŝƚŚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͊ ͲWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ dŚĞŽŵƉd/EĞƚǁŽƌŬнĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ dŽĞĂƌŶƚŚĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬнĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ͕ǇŽƵŵƵƐƚƉĂƐƐĂƐŝŶŐůĞEϭϬͲϬϬϴĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĞǆĂŵ͘dŚĞĞǆĂŵŝƐϵϬ ŵŝŶƵƚĞƐŝŶĚƵƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐďŽƚŚŵƵůƟƉůĞĐŚŽŝĐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞͲďĂƐĞĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘ WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞͲďĂƐĞĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĐĂŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞĮůůͲŝŶͲƚŚĞͲďůĂŶŬ͕ŵĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ͕ƐŽƌƟŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƐŝŵƵůĂƚĞĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘zŽƵǁŝůůŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞǀĞƌǇĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞǆĂŵƚŽƉŝĐƐƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĞǆĂŵƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͘ ,ĞƌĞ͛ƐƚŚĞďƌĞĂŬĚŽǁŶŽĨĞĂĐŚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇƐĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĞĂĐŚƚŽƉŝĐŽŶƚŚĞEϭϬͲϬϬϴĞǆĂŵ͗ ^ĞĐƟŽŶϭ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ&ƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐͲϮϰй ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐͲϭϵй ^ĞĐƟŽŶϯ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐͲϭϲй ^ĞĐƟŽŶϰ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇͲϭϵй ^ĞĐƟŽŶϱ͘ϬͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐͲϮϮй ŽŵƉd/ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƐĞƚŽĨĞǆĂŵŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂůŝƐƚŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵŶĞĞĚƚŽŬŶŽǁďĞĨŽƌĞ ǇŽƵƚĂŬĞǇŽƵƌĞǆĂŵ͘zŽƵĐĂŶĮŶĚĂůŝŶŬƚŽƚŚĞĞǆĂŵŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŚĞƌĞ͗ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŵĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵͬŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐͬ How to use this book KŶĐĞǇŽƵ͛ƌĞĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞǁŝƚŚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞŽĸĐŝĂůŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴĞǆĂŵŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶ ƵƐĞƚŚĞƐĞŶŽƚĞƐĂƐĂĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƉŝĐƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞĨŽƌŵĂƚĂŶĚŶƵŵďĞƌŝŶŐƐĐŚĞŵĞĂƐƚŚĞŽĸĐŝĂůĞǆĂŵŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͕ƐŽŝƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞĂƐǇƚŽĐƌŽƐƐƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞŶŽƚĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌǀŝĚĞŽƐĞƌŝĞƐĂŶĚĂůůŽĨǇŽƵƌŽƚŚĞƌƐƚƵĚǇŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͘ ^ƚƵĚǇdŝƉƐ ǆĂŵWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ͻŽǁŶůŽĂĚƚŚĞĞǆĂŵŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚƵƐĞƚŚĞŵĂƐĂŵĂƐƚĞƌĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ͻhƐĞĂƐŵĂŶǇƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘ ŽŽŬƐ͕ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͕ĂŶĚYΘŐƵŝĚĞƐĐĂŶĂůů ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ/ƚΖƐƵƐĞĨƵůƚŽŚĂǀĞƐŽŵĞŚĂŶĚƐͲŽŶ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇǁŝƚŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚƐ͘ Taking the Exam ͻhƐĞǇŽƵƌƟŵĞǁŝƐĞůǇ͘zŽƵΖǀĞŐŽƚϵϬŵŝŶƵƚĞƐ ƚŽŐĞƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ͘ ͻŚŽŽƐĞǇŽƵƌĞǆĂŵůŽĐĂƟŽŶĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇ͘^ŽŵĞƐŝƚĞƐĂƌĞ ďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ ͻ'ĞƚƚŚĞƌĞĞĂƌůǇ͘ŽŶΖƚƐƚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘ ͻtƌŽŶŐĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĂƌĞŶΖƚĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚǇŽƵ͘ŽŶΖƚůĞĂǀĞĂŶǇďůĂŶŬƐ͊ ͻDĂƌŬĚŝĸĐƵůƚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŵĞďĂĐŬůĂƚĞƌ͘ zŽƵĐĂŶĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŝŶĂŶǇŽƌĚĞƌ͘ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Professor Messer’s CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Course Notes ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ ϭ͘ϭͲhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞK^/DŽĚĞů KƉĞŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ/ŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞDŽĚĞů ͻ/ƚ͛ƐĂŐƵŝĚĞ;ƚŚƵƐƚŚĞƚĞƌŵ͞ŵŽĚĞů͟Ϳ –ŽŶ͛ƚŐĞƚǁƌĂƉƉĞĚƵƉŝŶƚŚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚƚŚĞK^/ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐƵŝƚĞ –DŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞK^/ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĐĂƚĐŚŽŶ ͻdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƵŶŝƋƵĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂƚĞǀĞƌǇůĂǇĞƌ ͻzŽƵ͛ůůƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƚŚŝƐŵŽĚĞůĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨǇŽƵƌĐĂƌĞĞƌ Layer 1 - The Physical Layer ͻdŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –^ŝŐŶĂůŝŶŐ͕ĐĂďůŝŶŐ͕ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ –dŚŝƐůĂǇĞƌŝƐŶ͛ƚĂďŽƵƚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůĂǇĞƌƉƌŽďůĞŵ͘͟ –&ŝǆǇŽƵƌĐĂďůŝŶŐ͕ƉƵŶĐŚͲĚŽǁŶƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –ZƵŶůŽŽƉďĂĐŬƚĞƐƚƐ͕ƚĞƐƚͬƌĞƉůĂĐĞĐĂďůĞƐ͕ ƐǁĂƉĂĚĂƉƚĞƌĐĂƌĚƐ Layer 2 - Data Link Layer ͻdŚĞďĂƐŝĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͞ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͟ –dŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĂƚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂůŝŶŬůĂǇĞƌ ͻĂƚĂ>ŝŶŬŽŶƚƌŽů;>ͿƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –D;DĞĚŝĂĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůͿĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻdŚĞ͞ƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ͟ůĂǇĞƌ Layer 3 - The Network Layer ͻdŚĞ͞ƌŽƵƟŶŐ͟ůĂǇĞƌ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽů;/WͿ ͻ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐĨƌĂŵĞƐƚŽƚƌĂǀĞƌƐĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ tŚĂƚŝƐ/W&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͍ ͻ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĂůǁĂǇƐŝŶŵƵůƟƉůĞƐŽĨϴďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽīƐĞƚďŝƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ/WŚĞĂĚĞƌ # Layer 4 - Transport Layer ͻdŚĞ͞ƉŽƐƚŽĸĐĞ͟ůĂǇĞƌ –WĂƌĐĞůƐĂŶĚůĞƩĞƌƐ ͻdW;dƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿĂŶĚ hW;hƐĞƌĂƚĂŐƌĂŵWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ Layer 5 - Session Layer ͻŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –^ƚĂƌƚ͕ƐƚŽƉ͕ƌĞƐƚĂƌƚ ͻ,ĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆ͕ĨƵůůͲĚƵƉůĞǆ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ͕ƚƵŶŶĞůŝŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ >ĂǇĞƌϲͲWƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ>ĂǇĞƌ ͻŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌĞŶĐŽĚŝŶŐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ͻKŌĞŶĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ>ĂǇĞƌ >ĂǇĞƌϳͲƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ>ĂǇĞƌ ͻdŚĞůĂǇĞƌǁĞƐĞĞͲ,ddW͕&dW͕E^͕WKWϯ &ŽůůŽǁƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬŵĂŝů͘ŐŽŽŐůĞ͘ĐŽŵ ͻWƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗^^>ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ͻ^ĞƐƐŝŽŶ͗>ŝŶŬƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ͻdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͗dWĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬ͗/WĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ ͻĂƚĂ>ŝŶŬ͗ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻWŚǇƐŝĐĂů͗ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůƐŝŐŶĂůƐ OSI Model Mnemonics ͻWůĞĂƐĞŽEŽƚdƌƵƐƚ^ĂůĞƐWĞƌƐŽŶ͛ƐŶƐǁĞƌƐ ͻůůWĞŽƉůĞ^ĞĞŵdŽEĞĞĚĂƚĂWƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ͻWůĞĂƐĞŽEŽƚdŚƌŽǁ^ĂƵƐĂŐĞWŝǌǌĂǁĂǇ͊ ) (!/ +(% + " )#0 . 1 ! &#"('!0" "!+"& "!1 ,!"-) 0 !"+ " 1 &#) 0 !!+ &" +"1 !(") 0 + !!+ /46+ /54+("1 ++" !0+ +&1 © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϭͲĂƚĂŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ Applica6on Data Encapsula'on Applica'on TCP Header Applica6on Data IP Header TCP Header Applica6on Data IP Header TCP Header Applica6on Data Transport Internet Link Des6na6on ŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ Frame Header 10101110110010100101010100010010010 Frame Trailer Frame Header Network Applica6on Data Applica'on TCP Header Applica6on Data Transport IP Header TCP Header Applica6on Data Internet IP Header TCP Header Applica6on Data Frame Trailer Decapsula'on Source Link 001000011110101001010010010010010001 dƌĂŶƐŵŝƫŶŐĚĂƚĂ ͻdƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƵŶŝƚƐ –ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĚĂƚĂĂƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚK^/ůĂǇĞƌƐ ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŽŶĂĨƌĂŵĞŽĨĚĂƚĂ –/ƚĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚĐĂƌĞǁŚĂƚ͛ƐŝŶƐŝĚĞ ͻ/WŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŽŶĂƉĂĐŬĞƚŽĨĚĂƚĂ –/ŶƐŝĚĞŝƐdWŽƌhW͕ďƵƚ/WĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚƌĞĂůůǇĐĂƌĞ ͻdWŽƌhW –dWƐĞŐŵĞŶƚ –hWĚĂƚĂŐƌĂŵ dWŇĂŐƐ ͻdŚĞŚĞĂĚĞƌĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐŽƌŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐƚŚĞƉĂǇůŽĂĚ –,ĞƌĞ͛ƐǁŚĂƚǇŽƵ͛ƌĞĂďŽƵƚƚŽƐĞĞ͙ ͻdŚĞdWŚĞĂĚĞƌĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŶƚƌŽůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂƐĞƚŽĨďŝƚƐĐĂůůĞĚdWŇĂŐƐ ͻdŚĞŇĂŐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚĞƉĂǇůŽĂĚ –^zEͲ^ǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌĞƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐ –W^,ͲWƵƐŚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂƚŽƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ďƵīĞƌŝŶŐ –Z^dͲZĞƐĞƚƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –&/EͲ>ĂƐƚƉĂĐŬĞƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐĞŶĚĞƌ Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) ͻDĂǆŝŵƵŵ/WƉĂĐŬĞƚƚŽƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚ –ƵƚŶŽƚĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚ ͻ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐůŽǁƐƚŚŝŶŐƐĚŽǁŶ –>ŽƐŝŶŐĂĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚůŽƐĞƐĂŶĞŶƟƌĞƉĂĐŬĞƚ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŽǀĞƌŚĞĂĚĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞƉĂƚŚ ͻŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĞDdhĂůůƚŚĞǁĂǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉĂƚŚ –ƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶŝŶĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ –ƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇǁŚĞŶ/DWŝƐĮůƚĞƌĞĚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϭͲĂƚĂŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐDdh ͻDdhƐŝǌĞƐĂƌĞƵƐƵĂůůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚŽŶĐĞ –ĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚĚŽŶ͛ƚĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŌĞŶ ͻƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĨŽƌƚƵŶŶĞůĞĚƚƌĂĸĐ –dŚĞƚƵŶŶĞůŵĂǇďĞƐŵĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶ ǇŽƵƌůŽĐĂůƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚ ͻtŚĂƚŝĨǇŽƵƐĞŶĚƉĂĐŬĞƚƐǁŝƚŚŽŶ͛ƚ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚ;&ͿƐĞƚ͍ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƐǁŝůůƌĞƐƉŽŶĚďĂĐŬĂŶĚƚĞůůǇŽƵƚŽĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚ –,ŽƉĞǇŽƵŐĞƚƚŚĞ/DWŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ͊ ͻdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƚƵƐŝŶŐƉŝŶŐ –WŝŶŐǁŝƚŚ&ĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĂŵĂǆŝŵƵŵƐŝǌĞŽĨϭϰϳϮďǇƚĞƐ ϭϱϬϬďǇƚĞƐͲϴďǇƚĞ/DWŚĞĂĚĞƌ ͲϮϬďǇƚĞƐ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐсϭϰϳϮďǇƚĞƐ DLC Header DLC Header DLC Header DLC Header IP Header IP Header IP Header IP Header TCP Header 20 bytes Fragment 1 Bytes 1-16 Fragment 2 Bytes 17-32 Fragment 3 Bytes 33-44 TCP Data 24 bytes Data to Fragment 44 bytes ͻ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĂůǁĂǇƐŝŶŵƵůƟƉůĞƐŽĨϴďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽīƐĞƚďŝƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ/WŚĞĂĚĞƌ –tŝŶĚŽǁƐ͗ping -f -l 1472 8.8.8.8 ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ Network Topologies ͻhƐĞĨƵůŝŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĞǁŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –WŚǇƐŝĐĂůůĂǇŽƵƚŽĨĂďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽƌĐĂŵƉƵƐ ͻƐƐŝƐƚƐŝŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐŝŐŶĂůŇŽǁ –dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ Star ͻ,ƵďĂŶĚƐƉŽŬĞ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶŵŽƐƚůĂƌŐĞĂŶĚƐŵĂůůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĂĐĞŶƚƌĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞĚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –dŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŝƐŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞ ZŝŶŐ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶŵĂŶǇƉŽƉƵůĂƌƚŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ –dŽŬĞŶZŝŶŐŝƐŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌǁŝƚŚƵƐ ͻ^ƟůůƵƐĞĚŝŶŵĂŶǇDĞƚƌŽƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;DEƐͿĂŶĚ tŝĚĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;tEƐͿ –ƵĂůͲƌŝŶŐƐ –ƵŝůƚͲŝŶĨĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ Bus ͻĂƌůǇůŽĐĂůĂƌĞĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ŽĂǆŝĂůĐĂďůĞǁĂƐƚŚĞďƵƐ ͻ^ŝŵƉůĞ͕ďƵƚƉƌŽŶĞƚŽĞƌƌŽƌƐ –KŶĞďƌĞĂŬŝŶƚŚĞůŝŶŬĚŝƐĂďůĞĚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬ –EďƵƐ Mesh ͻDƵůƟƉůĞůŝŶŬƐƚŽƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉůĂĐĞ –&ƵůůǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ –WĂƌƟĂůůǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ͻZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ͕ĨĂƵůƚͲƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ͕ůŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶǁŝĚĞĂƌĞĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;tEƐͿ –&ƵůůǇŵĞƐŚĞĚĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĂůůǇŵĞƐŚĞĚ Hybrid ͻĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŽŶĞŽƌŵŽƌĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƚŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ –DŽƐƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂƌĞĂŚǇďƌŝĚ Star Bus © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Mesh ZŝŶŐ Wireless topologies ͻ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –ůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –dŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŵŽĚĞ ͻĚŚŽĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –EŽƉƌĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –ĞǀŝĐĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶĂŵŽŶŐƐƚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ͻDĞƐŚ –ĚŚŽĐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŽƌŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽĨŽƌŵĂŵĞƐŚ͞ĐůŽƵĚ͟ –^ĞůĨĨŽƌŵĂŶĚƐĞůĨŚĞĂů Hybrid ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdǇƉĞƐ Peer-to-peer ͻůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌĞďŽƚŚĐůŝĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞƚĂůŬƐƚŽĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ͻĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –ĂƐǇƚŽĚĞƉůŽǇ͕>ŽǁĐŽƐƚ ͻŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –ŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ –ŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƐĞĐƵƌĞ Client-server ͻĞŶƚƌĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ůŝĞŶƚƐƚĂůŬƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻEŽĐůŝĞŶƚͲƚŽͲĐůŝĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ͕ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ͻŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –ŽƐƚ͕ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Peer-to-Peer Server Client-Server Client Client Client WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdǇƉĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ LAN - Local Area Network ͻďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽƌŐƌŽƵƉŽĨďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ –,ŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĂŶĚϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ –ŶǇƐůŽǁĞƌĂŶĚŝƚŝƐŶ͛ƚ͞ůŽĐĂů͟ MAN - Metropolitan Area Network ͻŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶǇŽƵƌĐŝƚǇ –>ĂƌŐĞƌƚŚĂŶĂ>E͕ŽŌĞŶƐŵĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶĂtE ͻŽŵŵŽŶƚŽƐĞĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ –dŚĞǇ͞ŽǁŶ͟ƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚͲŽĨͲǁĂǇ WAN - Wide Area Network ͻ'ĞŶĞƌĂůůǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐ>EƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĂĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –ŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇŵƵĐŚƐůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ>E ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚtEƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ –WŽŝŶƚͲƚŽͲƉŽŝŶƚƐĞƌŝĂů͕DW>^͕ĞƚĐ͘ –dĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂůĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů WLAN - Wireless LAN ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ͻDŽďŝůŝƚǇǁŝƚŚŝŶĂďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽƌŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂƌĞĂ ͻǆƉĂŶĚĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞǁŝƚŚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ PAN - Personal Area Network ͻzŽƵƌŽǁŶƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ůƵĞƚŽŽƚŚ͕/Z͕E& ͻƵƚŽŵŽďŝůĞ –ƵĚŝŽŽƵƚƉƵƚ –/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞǁŝƚŚƉŚŽŶĞ ͻDŽďŝůĞƉŚŽŶĞ –tŝƌĞůĞƐƐŚĞĂĚƐĞƚ ͻ,ĞĂůƚŚ –tŽƌŬŽƵƚƚĞůĞŵĞƚƌǇ͕ĚĂŝůǇƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ CAN - Campus Area Network ͻŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĞĚŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůĂƌĞĂ –ŐƌŽƵƉŽĨďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ͻ>EƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ –&ŝďĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ͕ŚŝŐŚƐƉĞĞĚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻzŽƵƌĮďĞƌŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ –EŽƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ NAS vs. SAN ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬƩĂĐŚĞĚ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞ;E^Ϳ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĂƐŚĂƌĞĚƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –&ŝůĞͲůĞǀĞůĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬ;ÊͿ –>ŽŽŬƐĂŶĚĨĞĞůƐůŝŬĞĂůŽĐĂůƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ůŽĐŬͲůĞǀĞůĂĐĐĞƐƐ –sĞƌǇĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƌĞĂĚŝŶŐĂŶĚǁƌŝƟŶŐ ͻZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂůŽƚŽĨďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ –DĂǇƵƐĞĂŶŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC MPLS ͻ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĨƌŽŵdDĂŶĚ&ƌĂŵĞZĞůĂǇ ͻWĂĐŬĞƚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞtEŚĂǀĞĂůĂďĞů –ZŽƵƟŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĂƌĞĞĂƐǇ ͻŶǇƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ĂŶǇƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůŝŶƐŝĚĞ –/WƉĂĐŬĞƚƐ͕dDĐĞůůƐ͕ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĨƌĂŵĞƐ –K^/ůĂǇĞƌϮ͘ϱ;͊Ϳ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇĐŽŵŵŽŶtEƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ –ZĞĂĚǇͲƚŽͲŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ MPLS pushing and popping ͻ>ĂďĞůƐĂƌĞ͞ƉƵƐŚĞĚ͟ŽŶƚŽƉĂĐŬĞƚƐĂƐƚŚĞǇĞŶƚĞƌƚŚĞDW>^ĐůŽƵĚ ͻ>ĂďĞůƐĂƌĞ͞ƉŽƉƉĞĚ͟ŽīŽŶƚŚĞǁĂǇŽƵƚ Label8Inser;on and8Removal Customer Edge Router Label8Inser;on and8Removal MPLS Provider Edge Router Label Switch Router Label Switch Router Provider Edge Router Customer Edge Router ŵ'Z ͻDƵůƟƉŽŝŶƚ'ĞŶĞƌŝĐZŽƵƚĞƌŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ –hƐĞĚĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞůǇĨŽƌǇŶĂŵŝĐDƵůƟƉŽŝŶƚsWE;DsWEͿ –ŽŵŵŽŶŽŶŝƐĐŽƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ ͻzŽƵƌsWEďƵŝůĚƐŝƚƐĞůĨ –ZĞŵŽƚĞƐŝƚĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ ͻdƵŶŶĞůƐĂƌĞďƵŝůƚĚǇŶĂŵŝĐĂůůǇ͕ŽŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚ –ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐŵĞƐŚ SD-WAN ͻ^ŽŌǁĂƌĞĞĮŶĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶĂtŝĚĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬ –tEďƵŝůƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚ ͻdŚĞĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌƵƐĞĚƚŽďĞŝŶŽŶĞƉůĂĐĞ –dŚĞĐůŽƵĚŚĂƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ͻůŽƵĚͲďĂƐĞĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇƚŽƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚ –EŽŶĞĞĚƚŽŚŽƉƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĐĞŶƚƌĂůƉŽŝŶƚ Web services / Email Databases Remote Site Remote Site Data Center Remote Site WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) Remote Site ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϮͲtEdĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĞŵĂƌĐĂƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚ ͻdŚĞƉŽŝŶƚǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĐŽŶŶĞĐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞǁŽƌůĚ –tEƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ –/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ –dŚĞĚĞŵĂƌĐ ͻhƐĞĚĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ –ǀĞŶĂƚŚŽŵĞ ͻĞŶƚƌĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶŝŶĂďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ –hƐƵĂůůǇĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ĂŶďĞĂƐƐŝŵƉůĞĂƐĂŶZ:ͲϰϱĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻzŽƵĐŽŶŶĞĐƚǇŽƵƌW –ƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƉƌĞŵŝƐĞƐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŽƌ͞ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƉƌĞŵ͟ Smartjack ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƵŶŝƚ;E/hͿ –dŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐƚŚĞĚĞŵĂƌĐ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĞǀŝĐĞ͕ dĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ ͻ^ŵĂƌƚũĂĐŬ –DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚĂƐŝŵƉůĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ĂŶďĞĂĐŝƌĐƵŝƚĐĂƌĚŝŶĂĐŚĂƐƐŝƐ ͻƵŝůƚͲŝŶĚŝĂŐŶŽƐƟĐƐ –>ŽŽƉďĂĐŬƚĞƐƚƐ ͻůĂƌŵŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ϭ͘ϮͲsŝƌƚƵĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ Virtual networks ͻ^ĞƌǀĞƌĨĂƌŵǁŝƚŚϭϬϬŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ –/ƚ͛ƐĂďŝŐĨĂƌŵ ͻůůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞ ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĂŶĚƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –tŝƚŚƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ ͻDŝŐƌĂƚĞϭϬϬƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐƚŽŽŶĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌ –tŝƚŚϭϬϬǀŝƌƚƵĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŝŶƐŝĚĞ ͻtŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͍ EĞƚǁŽƌŬĨƵŶĐƟŽŶǀŝƌƚƵĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶ;E&sͿ ͻZĞƉůĂĐĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚǀŝƌƚƵĂůǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐ –DĂŶĂŐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚǇƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ͻ^ĂŵĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇĂƐĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ZŽƵƟŶŐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ͕ůŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻYƵŝĐŬůǇĂŶĚĞĂƐŝůǇĚĞƉůŽǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ –ůŝĐŬĂŶĚĚĞƉůŽǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚǇƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ –sŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ͕ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌ͕ ĨĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ͕ĞƚĐ͘ The hypervisor ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůDĂĐŚŝŶĞDĂŶĂŐĞƌ –DĂŶĂŐĞƐƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůƉůĂƞŽƌŵĂŶĚŐƵĞƐƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ͻ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ –Wh͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͕ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻ^ŝŶŐůĞĐŽŶƐŽůĞĐŽŶƚƌŽů –KŶĞƉĂŶĞŽĨŐůĂƐƐ vSwitch ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůƐǁŝƚĐŚ –DŽǀĞƚŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ͻ&ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇŝƐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐǁŝƚĐŚ –&ŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐŽƉƟŽŶƐ͕ůŝŶŬĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƉŽƌƚŵŝƌƌŽƌŝŶŐ͕EĞƚ&ůŽǁ ͻĞƉůŽǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŚǇƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ –ƵƚŽŵĂƚĞǁŝƚŚŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ Virtual Network Interface Card (vNIC) ͻǀŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞŶĞĞĚƐĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ǀE/ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŚǇƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌ –ŶĂďůĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ –s>E͕ĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ŵƵůƟƉůĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ ϭ͘ϮͲWƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ>ŝŶŬƐ Satellite networking ͻŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĂƐĂƚĞůůŝƚĞ –EŽŶͲƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻ,ŝŐŚĐŽƐƚƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –ϱϬDďŝƚͬƐĚŽǁŶ͕ϯDďŝƚͬƐƵƉĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ –ZĞŵŽƚĞƐŝƚĞƐ͕ĚŝĸĐƵůƚͲƚŽͲŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐŝƚĞƐ ͻ,ŝŐŚůĂƚĞŶĐǇ –ϮϱϬŵƐƵƉ͕ϮϱϬŵƐĚŽǁŶ ͻ,ŝŐŚĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐͲϮ',ǌ –>ŝŶĞŽĨƐŝŐŚƚ͕ƌĂŝŶĨĂĚĞ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Copper ͻǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ –ZĞůĂƟǀĞůǇŝŶĞǆƉĞŶƐŝǀĞ͕ –ĂƐǇƚŽŝŶƐƚĂůůĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĞĚďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ –WŚǇƐŝĐƐůŝŵŝƚƐĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽƉƉĞƌ ͻtŝĚĞĂƌĞĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ĂďůĞŵŽĚĞŵ͕^>͕dϭͬdϯůŽĐĂůůŽŽƉ ͻKŌĞŶĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚĮďĞƌ –ŽƉƉĞƌŽŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůůŽŽƉ͕ ĮďĞƌŝŶƚŚĞďĂĐŬďŽŶĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϮͲWƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ>ŝŶŬƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ DSL ͻ^>;ƐǇŵŵĞƚƌŝĐŝŐŝƚĂů^ƵďƐĐƌŝďĞƌ>ŝŶĞͿ –hƐĞƐƚĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞůŝŶĞƐ ͻŽǁŶůŽĂĚƐƉĞĞĚŝƐĨĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƵƉůŽĂĚƐƉĞĞĚ ;ĂƐǇŵŵĞƚƌŝĐͿ –ΕϭϬ͕ϬϬϬĨŽŽƚůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŽĸĐĞ;KͿ –ϮϬϬDďŝƚͬƐĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵͬϮϬDďŝƚͬƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵ ĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ –&ĂƐƚĞƌƐƉĞĞĚƐŵĂǇďĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŝĨĐůŽƐĞƌƚŽƚŚĞK Cable broadband ͻƌŽĂĚďĂŶĚ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂĐƌŽƐƐŵƵůƟƉůĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂĸĐƚǇƉĞƐ ͻĂƚĂŽŶƚŚĞ͞ĐĂďůĞ͟ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –K^/^;ĂƚĂKǀĞƌĂďůĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶͿ ͻ,ŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –ϱϬDďŝƚƐͬƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭ͕ϬϬϬнDďŝƚͬƐĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ –ĂƚĂ͕ǀŽŝĐĞ͕ǀŝĚĞŽ Fiber ͻ,ŝŐŚƐƉĞĞĚĚĂƚĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –&ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚ ͻ,ŝŐŚĞƌŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶĐŽƐƚƚŚĂŶĐŽƉƉĞƌ –ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŝƐŵŽƌĞĐŽƐƚůǇĂŶĚŵŽƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƌĞƉĂŝƌ –ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞŽǀĞƌůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ͻ>ĂƌŐĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞtEĐŽƌĞ –^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƐǀĞƌǇŚŝŐŚĚĂƚĂƌĂƚĞƐ –^KEd͕ǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŵƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐ ͻ&ŝďĞƌŝƐƐůŽǁůǇĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌĞŵŝƐĞƐ –ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĂŶĚŚŽŵĞƵƐĞ Metro Ethernet ͻDĞƚƌŽͲ –DĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶͲĂƌĞĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂƌĞĂ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚǇŽƵƌƐŝƚĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ –ĐŽŵŵŽŶƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ͻdŚĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝƐŽƉƟĐĂů –>ŽĐĂůĮďĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –tĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚͲĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŵƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐ –,ŝŐŚƐƉĞĞĚ͕ŵƵůƟƉůĞǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚ ϭ͘ϯͲŽƉƉĞƌĂďůŝŶŐ The importance of cable ͻ&ƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƚŽŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –/ŶĐƌĞĚŝďůǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇŽŶůǇŐĞƚŽŶĞŐŽŽĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ĂƚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐǇŽƵƌĐĂďůŝŶŐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –DĂŬĞŝƚŐŽŽĚ͊ ͻdŚĞǀĂƐƚŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇŽĨǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƵƐĞƐĐĂďůĞƐ –hŶůĞƐƐǇŽƵ͛ƌĞĂŶĂŵĂƚĞƵƌƌĂĚŝŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌ Twisted pair copper cabling ͻĂůĂŶĐĞĚƉĂŝƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ –dǁŽǁŝƌĞƐǁŝƚŚĞƋƵĂůĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƐŝƚĞƐŝŐŶĂůƐ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚн͕dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚͲͬZĞĐĞŝǀĞн͕ZĞĐĞŝǀĞͲ ͻdŚĞƚǁŝƐƚŬĞĞƉƐĂƐŝŶŐůĞǁŝƌĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇŵŽǀŝŶŐĂǁĂǇ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ –dŚĞŽƉƉŽƐŝƚĞƐŝŐŶĂůƐĂƌĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĞŶĚ ͻWĂŝƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐĂďůĞŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǁŝƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ Unshielded and shielded cable ͻhdW;hŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚdǁŝƐƚĞĚWĂŝƌͿ –EŽĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐ –dŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌĐĂďůŝŶŐ ͻ^dW;^ŚŝĞůĚĞĚdǁŝƐƚĞĚWĂŝƌͿ –ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ –^ŚŝĞůĚĞĂĐŚƉĂŝƌĂŶĚͬŽƌƚŚĞŽǀĞƌĂůůĐĂďůĞ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƚŚĞĐĂďůĞƚŽďĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚ ͻďďƌĞǀŝĂƟŽŶƐ –hсhŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚ͕^сƌĂŝĚĞĚƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐ͕&с&ŽŝůƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐ ͻ;KǀĞƌĂůůĐĂďůĞͿͬ;ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƉĂŝƌƐͿdW –ƌĂŝĚĞĚƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞĐĂďůĞ ĂŶĚĨŽŝůĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞƉĂŝƌƐŝƐ^ͬ&dW –&ŽŝůĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐĂďůĞĂŶĚŶŽƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞƉĂŝƌƐŝƐ&ͬhdW Coaxial cables ͻdǁŽŽƌŵŽƌĞĨŽƌŵƐƐŚĂƌĞĂĐŽŵŵŽŶĂǆŝƐ ͻZ'ͲϲƵƐĞĚŝŶƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶͬĚŝŐŝƚĂůĐĂďůĞ –ŶĚŚŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĐĂďůĞ ͻZ'ͲϱϵƵƐĞĚĂƐƉĂƚĐŚĐĂďůĞƐ –EŽƚĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚĨŽƌůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ Twinaxial cables ͻdǁŽŝŶŶĞƌĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌƐ;dǁŝŶƐͿ ͻŽŵŵŽŶŽŶϭϬ'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ^&WнĐĂďůĞƐ –&ƵůůĚƵƉůĞǆ͕ĮǀĞŵĞƚĞƌƐ͕ůŽǁĐŽƐƚ͕ůŽǁůĂƚĞŶĐǇĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC UTP hŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚdǁŝƐƚĞĚWĂŝƌ STP ^ŚŝĞůĚĞĚdǁŝƐƚĞĚWĂŝƌ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲŽƉƉĞƌĂďůŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Coaxial Cable Twinaxial Cable Copper Cable Categories Structured cabling standards ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů/^Kͬ/ϭϭϴϬϭ ĐĂďůŝŶŐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ –ĞĮŶĞƐĐůĂƐƐĞƐŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ͻdĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ;d/Ϳ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕ŵĂƌŬĞƚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ͕ƚƌĂĚĞƐŚŽǁƐ͕ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂīĂŝƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –E^/ͬd/Ͳϱϲϴ͗ ŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐdĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂďůŝŶŐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƟĂŽŶůŝŶĞ͘ŽƌŐ ͻŽŵŵŽŶůǇƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚĨŽƌƉŝŶĂŶĚ ƉĂŝƌĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĞŝŐŚƚͲĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌ ϭϬϬͲŽŚŵďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌĐĂďůŝŶŐ –dϱϲϴĂŶĚdϱϲϴ ^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ dϱϲϴĂŶĚdϱϲϴƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ͻWŝŶĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐŝŶ/ͬd/ͲϱϲϴͲͲŝŐŚƚĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌϭϬϬͲŽŚŵďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƚǁŝƐƚĞĚͲƉĂŝƌĐĂďůŝŶŐ ͻϱϲϴĂŶĚϱϲϴĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉŝŶĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌϴWϴĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ –^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶĂƐƐŝŐŶƐƚŚĞϱϲϴƉŝŶͲŽƵƚƚŽŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĐĂďůŝŶŐͲDĂŶǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇƵƐĞĚϱϲϴ ͻzŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƚĞŽŶĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞĐĂďůĞǁŝƚŚϱϲϴĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚϱϲϴ –zŽƵ͛ůůƌƵŶŝŶƚŽĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ϭϮϯϰϱϲϳϴ TIA/EIA&568A TIA/EIA&568B 1 White&and&Green 1 White&and&Orange 2 Green 2 Orange 3 White&and&Orange 3 White&and&Green 4 Blue 4 Blue 5 White&and&Blue 5 White&and&Blue 6 Orange 6 Green 7 White&and&Brown 7 White&and&Brown 8 Brown 8 Brown © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲKƉƟĐĂů&ŝďĞƌ &ŝďĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻdƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶďǇůŝŐŚƚ –dŚĞǀŝƐŝďůĞƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ͻEŽZ&ƐŝŐŶĂů –sĞƌǇĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŽƌƚĂƉ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůƐůŽǁƚŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĞ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽǀĞƌůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ͻ/ŵŵƵŶĞƚŽƌĂĚŝŽŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽZ& Mul$%mode*Fiber Short%range*communica$on,*up*to*2*km Single%mode*Fiber Long%range*communica$on,*up*to*100*km ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ UPC vs. APC ͻŽŶƚƌŽůůŝŶŐůŝŐŚƚͲ>ĂǁƐŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐƐĂƉƉůǇ ͻZĞƚƵƌŶůŽƐƐͲ>ŝŐŚƚƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ͻhW;hůƚƌĂͲƉŽůŝƐŚĞĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐͿ –&ĞƌƌƵůĞĞŶĚͲĨĂĐĞƌĂĚŝƵƐƉŽůŝƐŚĞĚĂƚĂǌĞƌŽĚĞŐƌĞĞĂŶŐůĞ –,ŝŐŚƌĞƚƵƌŶůŽƐƐ ͻW;ŶŐůĞͲƉŽůŝƐŚĞĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐͿ –&ĞƌƌƵůĞĞŶĚͲĨĂĐĞƌĂĚŝƵƐƉŽůŝƐŚĞĚĂƚĂŶĞŝŐŚƚĚĞŐƌĞĞĂŶŐůĞ –>ŽǁĞƌƌĞƚƵƌŶůŽƐƐ͕ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇŚŝŐŚĞƌŝŶƐĞƌƟŽŶůŽƐƐƚŚĂŶhW hWͲhůƚƌĂͲWŽůŝƐŚĞĚŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ WͲŶŐůĞͲWŽůŝƐŚĞĚŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ LC - Local Connector ST - Straight Tip SC - Subscriber Connector DdͲZ:ͲDĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌZĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ:ĂĐŬ Z:ͲϰϱŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌ Z:ͲϭϭŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌ F-connector ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐ Media Converter ͻK^/>ĂǇĞƌϭ –WŚǇƐŝĐĂůůĂǇĞƌƐŝŐŶĂůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ͻǆƚĞŶĚĂĐŽƉƉĞƌǁŝƌĞŽǀĞƌĂůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –ŽŶǀĞƌƚŝƚƚŽĮďĞƌ͕ĂŶĚďĂĐŬĂŐĂŝŶ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞĮďĞƌ –dŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŽŶůǇŚĂƐĐŽƉƉĞƌƉŽƌƚƐ ͻůŵŽƐƚĂůǁĂǇƐƉŽǁĞƌĞĚ –ƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇĮďĞƌƚŽĐŽƉƉĞƌ Transceiver ͻdƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞƌĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƌ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŵŽĚƵůĂƌŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ĚĚƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌ ƚŚĂƚŵĂƚĐŚĞƐǇŽƵƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ SFP © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC SFP and SFP+ ͻ^ŵĂůů&ŽƌŵͲĨĂĐƚŽƌWůƵŐŐĂďůĞ;^&WͿ –ŽŵŵŽŶůǇƵƐĞĚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞϭ'ďŝƚͬƐĮďĞƌ –ϭ'ďŝƚͬƐZ:ϰϱ^&WƐĂůƐŽĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ^ŵĂůů&ŽƌŵͲĨĂĐƚŽƌWůƵŐŐĂďůĞ;^&WнͿ –ǆĂĐƚůǇƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƐŝǌĞĂƐ^&WƐ –^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĚĂƚĂƌĂƚĞƐƵƉƚŽϭϲ'ďŝƚͬƐ –ŽŵŵŽŶǁŝƚŚϭϬ'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ QSFP ͻYƵĂĚ^ŵĂůů&ŽƌŵͲĨĂĐƚŽƌWůƵŐŐĂďůĞ –ϰͲĐŚĂŶŶĞů^&Wс&ŽƵƌϭ'ďŝƚͬƐсϰ'ďŝƚͬƐ –Y^&WнŝƐĨŽƵƌͲĐŚĂŶŶĞů^&Wнс &ŽƵƌϭϬ'ďŝƚͬƐĞĐсϰϬ'ďŝƚͬƐĞĐ ͻŽŵďŝŶĞĨŽƵƌ^&WƐŝŶƚŽĂƐŝŶŐůĞƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌ –ŽƐƚƐĂǀŝŶŐƐŝŶĮďĞƌĂŶĚĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ͻŝͲŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂů;ŝŝͿY^&WĂŶĚY^&Wн ͻĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇŽǀĞƌĂƐŝŶŐůĞĮďĞƌƌƵŶ QSFP WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ƵƉůĞǆĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻdǁŽĮďĞƌƐ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ŝͲŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂů;ŝŝͿƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐ ͻdƌĂĸĐŝŶďŽƚŚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚĂƐŝŶŐůĞĮďĞƌ –hƐĞƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚƐ ͻZĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĮďĞƌƌƵŶƐďǇŚĂůĨ ϭ͘ϯͲĂďůĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Copper patch panel ͻWƵŶĐŚͲĚŽǁŶďůŽĐŬŽŶŽŶĞƐŝĚĞ͕Z:ϰϱĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ ͻDŽǀĞĂĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶĂƌŽƵŶĚͲŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ ͻdŚĞƌƵŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƐŬĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŵŽǀĞ &ŝďĞƌĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƉĂŶĞů ͻWĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚĮďĞƌŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶͲWĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞůĂƚďŽƚŚĞŶĚƐ ͻ&ŝďĞƌďĞŶĚƌĂĚŝƵƐͲƌĞĂŬƐǁŚĞŶďĞŶƚƚŽŽƟŐŚƚůǇ ͻKŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞůŽŽƉ –ǆƚƌĂĮďĞƌĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ 66 block ͻƉĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞůĨŽƌĂŶĂůŽŐǀŽŝĐĞ –ŶĚƐŽŵĞĚŝŐŝƚĂůůŝŶŬƐ ͻ>ĞŌƐŝĚĞŝƐƉĂƚĐŚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚ –ĂƐǇƚŽĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞƉĂƚŚ ͻtŝƌĞĂŶĚĂƉƵŶĐŚͲĚŽǁŶƚŽŽů –EŽĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻ'ĞŶĞƌĂůůǇƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚďǇϭϭϬďůŽĐŬƐ –^ƟůůƐĞĞŶŝŶŵĂŶǇŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲĂďůĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 110 block ͻtŝƌĞͲƚŽͲǁŝƌĞƉĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞů –EŽŝŶƚĞƌŵĞĚŝĂƚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻZĞƉůĂĐĞƐƚŚĞϲϲďůŽĐŬ –WĂƚĐŚĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϱĂŶĚĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϲĐĂďůĞƐ ͻtŝƌĞƐĂƌĞ͞ƉƵŶĐŚĞĚ͟ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞďůŽĐŬ –ŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐďůŽĐŬŝƐŽŶƚŽƉ ͻĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůǁŝƌĞƐƉƵŶĐŚĞĚŝŶƚŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐďůŽĐŬ –WĂƚĐŚƚŚĞƚŽƉƚŽƚŚĞďŽƩŽŵ Krone block ͻŶĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞϭϭϬďůŽĐŬ –ŽŵŵŽŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ ͻKƉƟŽŶƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂŶǇƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ –ŶĂůŽŐĂŶĚĚŝŐŝƚĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚŵŽĚĞůƐĐĂŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŚŝŐŚĞƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ BIX (Building Industry Cross-connect) ͻƌĞĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞϭϵϳϬƐďǇEŽƌƚŚĞƌŶdĞůĞĐŽŵ –ĐŽŵŵŽŶďůŽĐŬƚǇƉĞ ͻhƉĚĂƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ –'ŝŐĂ/yƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝƐďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ ĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϲĐĂďůĞƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ϭ͘ϯͲƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ Ethernet ͻdŚĞŵŽƐƚƉŽƉƵůĂƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ͕ĐŽŵŵŽŶ͕ŶĞĂƌůǇƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǇƉĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ –^ƉĞĞĚƐ͕ĐĂďůŝŶŐ͕ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ͻDŽĚĞƌŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƵƐĞƐƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌĐŽƉƉĞƌŽƌĮďĞƌ ͻ^;ďĂƐĞďĂŶĚͿ –^ŝŶŐůĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞŵĞĚŝƵŵ –ƌŽĂĚďĂŶĚƵƐĞƐŵĂŶǇĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŵĞĚŝƵŵ 10GBASE-T ͻϭϬ'ŝŐƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĐŽƉƉĞƌ –ϰͲƉĂŝƌďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƚǁŝƐƚĞĚͲƉĂŝƌ ͻ&ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇƵƐĞŽĨϱϬϬD,ǌ –tĞůůĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞϭϮϱD,ǌĨŽƌŐŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϲ –hŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚ͗ϱϱŵĞƚĞƌƐ͕^ŚŝĞůĚĞĚ͗ϭϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ ͻĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϲ;ĂƵŐŵĞŶƚĞĚͿ –hŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚŽƌƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚ͗ϭϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ 10 and 100 megabit Ethernet ͻϭϬ^Ͳd;ƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌͿ –dǁŽƉĂŝƌ͕ĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϯĐĂďůĞŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ –ϭϬϬŵĞƚĞƌŵĂǆŝŵƵŵĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ͻϭϬϬ^Ͳdy –͞&ĂƐƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ͟ –ĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϱŽƌďĞƩĞƌƚǁŝƐƚĞĚƉĂŝƌĐŽƉƉĞƌͲƚǁŽƉĂŝƌ –ϭϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐŵĂǆŝŵƵŵůĞŶŐƚŚ 40GBASE-T ͻϰϬŐŝŐĂďŝƚƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ –ϰͲƉĂŝƌďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƚǁŝƐƚĞĚͲƉĂŝƌ ͻĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϴĐĂďůĞͲhƉƚŽϯϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ 1000BASE-T ͻ'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϱ –ϰͲƉĂŝƌďĂůĂŶĐĞĚƚǁŝƐƚĞĚͲƉĂŝƌ ͻĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϱ –ĂƚĞŐŽƌǇϱŝƐĚĞƉƌĞĐĂƚĞĚ͕ƐŽǁĞƵƐĞĂƚϱĞƚŽĚĂǇ –ƐŚŝŌƚŽƵƐŝŶŐĂůůĨŽƵƌƉĂŝƌ –ϭϬϬŵĞƚĞƌŵĂǆŝŵƵŵĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ϭϬϬŵĞŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĮďĞƌ ͻϭϬϬ^Ͳ&y –WĂŝƌŽĨŵƵůƟŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌͲ^ĂŵĞĮďĞƌĂƐ&/ –>ĂƐĞƌĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ –ϰϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ;ŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆͿ͕ϮŬŝůŽŵĞƚĞƌƐ;ĨƵůůͲĚƵƉůĞǆͿ ͻϭϬϬ^Ͳ^y –ůĞƐƐͲĞǆƉĞŶƐŝǀĞǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨ ϭϬϬŵĞŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĮďĞƌ –>ŽƉƟĐƐ͕ϯϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐŵĂǆŝŵƵŵĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϯͲƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĮďĞƌ ͻϭϬϬϬ^Ͳ^y –'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƵƐŝŶŐE/Z;ŶĞĂƌŝŶĨƌĂƌĞĚͿůŝŐŚƚ –hƐƵĂůůǇŽǀĞƌŵƵůƟͲŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌ –ϮϮϬŵĞƚĞƌƐƚŽϱϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ͕ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶĮďĞƌƚǇƉĞ ͻϭϬϬϬ^Ͳ>y –'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƵƐŝŶŐůŽŶŐǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚůĂƐĞƌ –DƵůƟͲŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌƚŽϱϱϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ –^ŝŶŐůĞͲŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌƚŽϱŬŝůŽŵĞƚĞƌƐ ϭϬ'ŝŐĂďŝƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŽǀĞƌĮďĞƌ ͻϭϬ'^Ͳ^Zʹ^ŚŽƌƚZĂŶŐĞ –DƵůƟŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌ –ϮϲƚŽϰϬϬŵĞƚĞƌƐ͕ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞĮďĞƌ ͻϭϬ'^Ͳ>Zʹ>ŽŶŐƌĂŶŐĞ –^ŝŶŐůĞͲŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌ –ϭϬŬŝůŽŵĞƚĞƌƐŵĂǆŝŵƵŵƌĂŶŐĞ WDM ͻtĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚͲŝǀŝƐŝŽŶDƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐ –ŝĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŽǀĞƌĂƐŝŶŐůĞƐƚƌĂŶĚŽĨĮďĞƌ ͻhƐĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚƐĨŽƌĞĂĐŚĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͞ĐŽůŽƌƐ͟ ͻtD;ŽĂƌƐĞtĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚͲŝǀŝƐŝŽŶDƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐͿ –ϭϬ'^Ͳ>yϰƵƐĞƐĨŽƵƌϯ͘ϭϮϱ'ďŝƚͬƐĞĐĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĂƚĨŽƵƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚƐ ͻtD;ĞŶƐĞtĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚͲŝǀŝƐŝŽŶDƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐͿ –DƵůƟƉůĞǆŵƵůƟƉůĞKĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƐŝŶƚŽĂƐŝŶŐůĞĮďĞƌ –ĚĚϭϲϬƐŝŐŶĂůƐ͕ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŽϭ͘ϲdďŝƚͬƐ ϭ͘ϰͲŝŶĂƌǇDĂƚŚ 2 12 2 11 2 10 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 ϭ͘ϰͲ/WǀϰĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ Networking with IPv4 ͻ/WĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕Ğ͘Ő͕͘ϭϵϮ͘ϭϲϴ͘ϭ͘ϭϲϱ –ǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŶĞĞĚƐĂƵŶŝƋƵĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ^ƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ͕Ğ͘Ő͕͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϭ where I send acta –hƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞǁŚĂƚƐƵďŶĞƚŝƚ͛ƐŽŶ –dŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬŝƐŶ͛ƚ;ƵƐƵĂůůǇͿƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –zŽƵ͛ůůĂƐŬĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬĂůůƚŚĞƟŵĞ –tŚĂƚ͛ƐƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬŽĨƚŚŝƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͍ ͻĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕Ğ͘Ő͕͘ϭϵϮ͘ϭϲϴ͘ϭ͘ϭ –dŚĞƌŽƵƚĞƌƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐǇŽƵƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨǇŽƵƌůŽĐĂůƐƵďŶĞƚ –dŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇŵƵƐƚďĞĂŶ /WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůƐƵďŶĞƚ Special IPv4 addresses ͻ>ŽŽƉďĂĐŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŽǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ –ZĂŶŐĞƐĨƌŽŵϭϮϳ͘Ϭ͘Ϭ͘ϭƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭϮϳ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϰ –ŶĞĂƐǇǁĂǇƚŽƐĞůĨͲƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ;ƉŝŶŐϭϮϳ͘Ϭ͘Ϭ͘ϭͿ " ͻZĞƐĞƌǀĞĚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ all "class E –^ĞƚĂƐŝĚĞĨŽƌĨƵƚƵƌĞƵƐĞŽƌƚĞƐƟŶŐ –ϮϰϬ͘Ϭ͘Ϭ͘ϭƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϮϱϰ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϰ ͻsŝƌƚƵĂů/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ;s/WͿ –EŽƚĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĂƉƚĞƌ –sŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ͕ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƌŽƵƚĞƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ - DHCP ͻ/WǀϰĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƵƐĞĚƚŽďĞŵĂŶƵĂů –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ͕ŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕ no DHCP= E^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕EdWƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻǇŶĂŵŝĐ,ŽƐƚŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů link 10(a) –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚ /WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂůŵŽƐƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ↓ W/WͲƵƚŽŵĂƟĐWƌŝǀĂƚĞ/WĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ͻůŝŶŬͲůŽĐĂůĂĚĚƌĞƐƐͲEŽĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐďǇƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ ͻ/d&ŚĂƐƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ϭϲϵ͘Ϯϱϰ͘Ϭ͘ϭͲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭϲϵ͘Ϯϱϰ͘Ϯϱϱ͘Ϯϱϰ –&ŝƌƐƚĂŶĚůĂƐƚϮϱϲĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ –&ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůďůŽĐŬŽĨ ϭϲϵ͘Ϯϱϰ͘ϭ͘ϬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭϲϵ͘Ϯϱϰ͘Ϯϱϰ͘Ϯϱϱ IPv4 Address 192 osI layer 3 168 1 131 11000000 10101000 00000001 10000011 8 bits = 1 byte = 1 octet all some meaning 32 bits = 4 bytes logical © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 To inc # available devices of ϭ͘ϰͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ Ed;EĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶͿ ͻ/ƚŝƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŽǀĞƌϮϬďŝůůŝŽŶĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ;ĂŶĚŐƌŽǁŝŶŐͿ –/WǀϰƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂƌŽƵŶĚϰ͘ϮϵďŝůůŝŽŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ͻdŚĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƐƉĂĐĞĨŽƌ/WǀϰŝƐĞǆŚĂƵƐƚĞĚ –dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐƚŽĂƐƐŝŐŶ ͻ,ŽǁĚŽĞƐŝƚĂůůǁŽƌŬ͍ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŶ͛ƚƚŚĞŽŶůǇƵƐĞŽĨEd –EdŝƐŚĂŶĚǇŝŶŵĂŶǇƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ Z&ϭϵϭϴWƌŝǀĂƚĞ/WǀϰĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ IP address range ^ƚĂƟĐEd Number of addresses Classful descrip6on Largest CIDR block Host ID (subnet mask) size 10.0.0.0 – 16,777,216 10.255.255.255 single class A 10.0.0.0/8 (255.0.0.0) 24 bits 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 1,048,576 16 con=guous class Bs 172.16.0.0/12 (255.240.0.0) 20 bits 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 65,536 256 con=guous class Cs 192.168.0.0/16 (255.255.0.0) 16 bits device changes IP as it travels network / Rooter trans laten / & EdKǀĞƌůŽĂĚͬWŽƌƚĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ;WdͿ For multiple devices port © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϰ keep track creates a NAT TA b l e to Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) 10 conversions Router ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ private of - public lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϰͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ Unicast Unicast ͻKŶĞƐƚĂƟŽŶƐĞŶĚŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ĞŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚǁŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ͻtĞďƐƵƌĮŶŐ͕ĮůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ ͻŽĞƐŶŽƚƐĐĂůĞŽƉƟŵĂůůǇĨŽƌƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐŵĞĚŝĂ Broadcast ͻ^ĞŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞĂƚŽŶĐĞ ͻKŶĞƉĂĐŬĞƚ͕ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚďǇĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĞĚƐĐŽƉĞͲƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶ Broadcast asks that ͻZŽƵƟŶŐƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ͕ZWƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ (a request what ͻEŽƚƵƐĞĚŝŶ/WǀϲͲĨŽĐƵƐŽŶŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚ any machine DƵůƟĐĂƐƚ IP are you ͻĞůŝǀĞƌǇŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ using –KŶĞƚŽŵĂŶǇ ͻDƵůƟŵĞĚŝĂĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ͕ƐƚŽĐŬĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ͻsĞƌǇƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚ DƵůƟĐĂƐƚ –ŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƐĐĂůĞĂĐƌŽƐƐůĂƌŐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶďŽƚŚ/WǀϰĂŶĚ/Wǀϲ –ǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƵƐĞŝŶ/Wǀϲ Anycast ͻ^ŝŶŐůĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŚĂƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞƉĂƚŚƐƚŽƚǁŽŽƌŵŽƌĞĞŶĚƉŽŝŶƚƐ –KŶĞͲƚŽͲŽŶĞͲŽĨͲŵĂŶǇ –hƐĞĚŝŶ/WǀϰĂŶĚ/Wǀϲ Anycast ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂŶǇĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –>ŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƵŶŝĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻWĂĐŬĞƚƐƐĞŶƚƚŽĂŶĂŶǇĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĂƌĞĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĐůŽƐĞƐƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ŶŶŽƵŶĐĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌŽƵƚĞŽƵƚŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌƐ͕ ĐůŝĞŶƚƐƵƐĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌĐůŽƐĞƐƚƚŽƚŚĞŵ –ŶǇĐĂƐƚE^ ( old shit, nosed 'a3 since ϭ͘ϰͲůĂƐƐĨƵů^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐĂŶĚ/Wǀϰ^ƵďŶĞƚDĂƐŬƐ Binary 00000000 10000000 11000000 11100000 11110000 11111000 11111100 11111110 11111111 Decimal 0 A 128 192 224 240 248 252 E 254 E 255 * B E ↓ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC * 127is binar WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϱ address loopback Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 0.50 networks decimal 1is 153 decid 3. · · Determine whatclass based on first octet 10.74.222.1) Btwn for 1. class 1-127 one addressset al hostbits work class B ISt 2/aSS 2 15 + Z octets " 3 adden network 10 IC " Octets * A 2. class A is the in Host Address. - first10 addy number One useable IP addy, first reserved Broad castaddin a of subret higher that network 3. - - that can network 4. subtract be to one by used send a from all participants broadcut lat adden host Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) of lOMoARcPSD|29995823 A subnetmask a is continuous series of I's ϭ͘ϰͲůĂƐƐĨƵů^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐĂŶĚ/Wǀϰ^ƵďŶĞƚDĂƐŬƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ůĂƐƐĨƵů^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ͻsĞƌǇƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐƵďŶĞƫŶŐĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ –EŽƚƵƐĞĚƐŝŶĐĞϭϵϵϯ –ƵƚƐƟůůƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚŝŶĐĂƐƵĂůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶ ͻhƐĞĚĂƐĂƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƉŽŝŶƚǁŚĞŶƐƵďŶĞƫŶŐ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚǀĂůƵĞƐ dŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂƐƵďŶĞƚ ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚĞĮƌƐƚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂƐƵďŶĞƚͲ^ĞƚĂůůŚŽƐƚďŝƚƐƚŽϬ;ϬĚĞĐŝŵĂůͿ ͻ&ŝƌƐƚƵƐĂďůĞŚŽƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –KŶĞŶƵŵďĞƌŚŝŐŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚĞůĂƐƚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂƐƵďŶĞƚͲ^ĞƚĂůůŚŽƐƚďŝƚƐƚŽϭ;ϮϱϱĚĞĐŝŵĂůͿ ͻ>ĂƐƚƵƐĂďůĞŚŽƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –KŶĞŶƵŵďĞƌůŽǁĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ϭ͘ϰͲĂůĐƵůĂƟŶŐ/Wǀϰ^ƵďŶĞƚƐĂŶĚ,ŽƐƚƐ VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masks) ͻůĂƐƐͲďĂƐĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂƌĞŝŶĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƵďŶĞƚƐсϮƐƵďŶĞƚďŝƚƐ –dŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬŝƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐůĂƐƐ ͻůůŽǁŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐƚŽĚĞĮŶĞƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŵĂƐŬƐ ,ŽƐƚƐƉĞƌƐƵďŶĞƚсϮŚŽƐƚďŝƚƐͲϮ –ƵƐƚŽŵŝǌĞƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬƚŽƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ͻhƐĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐůĂƐƐĨƵůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ϭϬ͘Ϭ͘Ϭ͘ϬͬϴŝƐƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬͲϭϬ͘Ϭ͘ϭ͘ϬͬϮϰĂŶĚϭϬ͘Ϭ͘ϴ͘ϬͬϮϲǁŽƵůĚďĞs>^D #AN 28 256 27 128 26 25 24 23 22 21 2 16 2 15 2 14 2 13 2 12 2 11 2 10 29 64 32 65,536 32,768 16,384 8,192 16 4,096 8 2,048 4 1,024 2 512 ϭ͘ϰͲDĂŐŝĐEƵŵďĞƌ^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐ Four Important Addresses ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐͬƐƵďŶĞƚ/ –dŚĞĮƌƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚ ͻƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚĞůĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚ ͻ&ŝƌƐƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŚŽƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –KŶĞŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ>ĂƐƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŚŽƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –KŶĞůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC DĂŐŝĐŶƵŵďĞƌƐƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ͻsĞƌǇƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƞŽƌǁĂƌĚŵĞƚŚŽĚ –ĂŶŽŌĞŶƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƚŚĞŵĂƚŚ ŝŶǇŽƵƌŚĞĂĚ ͻ^ƵďŶĞƚǁŝƚŚŵŝŶŝŵĂůŵĂƚŚ –^ƟůůƐŽŵĞĐŽƵŶƟŶŐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ͻ^ŽŵĞĐŚĂƌƚƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĞůƉ –ƵƚŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ –/ZƚŽĞĐŝŵĂů –,ŽƐƚƌĂŶŐĞƐ The magic number process ͻŽŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬƚŽĚĞĐŝŵĂů ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞ͞ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐŽĐƚĞƚ͟ anything ͻĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞ͞ŵĂŐŝĐŶƵŵďĞƌ͟ NOT –ϮϱϲŵŝŶƵƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐŽĐƚĞƚ 255 –ĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞŚŽƐƚƌĂŶŐĞ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ or –&ŝƌƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĂŶŐĞ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –>ĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĂŶŐĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) · ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϰͲ^ĞǀĞŶ^ĞĐŽŶĚ^ƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ^ĞǀĞŶƐĞĐŽŶĚƐƵďŶĞƫŶŐ ͻŽŶǀĞƌƚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬƚŽĚĞĐŝŵĂů –hƐĞĐŚĂƌƚƚŽĐŽŶǀĞƌƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶ/ZͲďůŽĐŬŶŽƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞĐŝŵĂů –^ĂŵĞĐŚĂƌƚĂůƐŽƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƉĞƌƐƵďŶĞƚ ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬͬƐƵďŶĞƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –^ĞĐŽŶĚĐŚĂƌƚƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞ /1 /9 ƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƐƵďŶĞƚďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇ /2 /10 ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ /3 /11 –ŚĂƌƚďĞůŽǁƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞ /4 /12 ĞŶĚŝŶŐƐƵďŶĞƚďŽƵŶĚĂƌǇ /5 /13 ͻĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĮƌƐƚĂŶĚůĂƐƚƵƐĂďůĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ /6 /14 –ĚĚŽŶĞĨƌŽŵŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ ƐƵďƚƌĂĐƚŽŶĞĨƌŽŵďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ /7 /15 /8 /16 Masks /17 /25 /18 /26 /19 /27 /20 /28 /21 /29 /22 /30 /23 /31 /24 /32 Networks Addresses 2 128 4 64 8 32 16 16 32 8 64 4 128 2 256 1 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 Addresses 128 0 64 0 32 0 16 0 8 0 4 0 128 64 32 16 8 4 8 16 32 24 32 128 64 48 40 48 96 64 56 64 80 72 80 96 88 96 192 160 128 112 104 112 128 120 128 144 136 144 192 160 152 160 176 168 176 224 192 184 192 208 200 208 224 216 224 240 232 240 248 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248 ϭ͘ϰͲ/WǀϲĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ IPv6 addresses IPv6 address compression ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽůǀϲͲϭϮϴͲďŝƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻzŽƵƌE^ǁŝůůďĞĐŽŵĞǀĞƌǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͊ –ϯϰϬ͕ϮϴϮ͕ϯϲϲ͕ϵϮϬ͕ϵϯϴ͕ϰϲϯ͕ϰϲϯ͕ϯϳϰ͕ϲϬϳ͕ϰϯϭ͕ϳϲϴ͕Ϯϭϭ͕ϰϱϲ ͻ'ƌŽƵƉƐŽĨǌĞƌŽƐĐĂŶďĞĂďďƌĞǀŝĂƚĞĚ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ;ϯϰϬƵŶĚĞĐŝůůŝŽŶͿ ǁŝƚŚĂĚŽƵďůĞĐŽůŽŶ͗͗ –ϲ͘ϴďŝůůŝŽŶƉĞŽƉůĞĐŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞ –KŶůǇŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂďďƌĞǀŝĂƟŽŶƐ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĞĂĐŚ ĂůůŽǁĞĚƉĞƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ>ĞĂĚŝŶŐǌĞƌŽƐĂƌĞŽƉƟŽŶĂů fe80::5d18:652:cffd:8f52 fe80:0000:0000:0000:5d18:0652:cffd:8f52 : 8f52 : 0000 : 0652 : 0000 fe80 : 0000 : cffd : 5d18 1111111010000000: 0000000000000000: 0000000000000000: 0000000000000000: 0101110100011000: 0000011001010010:1100111111111101: 1000111101010010 16-bits = 2-bytes = 2-octets 128-bits-=-16-bytes ŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ/WǀϲǁŝƚŚĂŵŽĚŝĮĞĚh/Ͳϲϰ ͻ^ƚĂƟĐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĨƵů –dŚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŶĞǀĞƌĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ͻtŚĂƚŽƚŚĞƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŶĞǀĞƌĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͍ –dŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻǆƚĞŶĚĞĚhŶŝƋƵĞ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌ;ϲϰͲďŝƚͿ ͻŽŵďŝŶĞĚĂϲϰͲďŝƚ/WǀϲƉƌĞĮǆĂŶĚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –tĂŝƚ͕ƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝƐŽŶůǇϰϴͲďŝƚƐůŽŶŐ͊ ͻzŽƵ͛ƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŶĞĞĚƐŽŵĞĞǆƚƌĂďŝƚƐ –ŶĚĂŵŝŶŽƌĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŽƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ŽŶǀĞƌƟŶŐh/ͲϰϴƚŽh/Ͳϲϰ ͻ^ƉůŝƚƚŚĞD –dǁŽϯͲďǇƚĞ;ϮϰďŝƚͿŚĂůǀĞƐ ͻWƵƚFFFEŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞ –dŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐϭϲďŝƚƐ ͻ/ŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞƐĞǀĞŶƚŚďŝƚ –ŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŚĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĨƌŽŵŐůŽďĂůůǇƵŶŝƋƵĞͬƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů –dƵƌŶƐƚŚĞďƵƌŶĞĚͲŝŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ;/ͿŝŶƚŽĂůŽĐĂůůǇ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞhͬ>ďŝƚ;ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůͬůŽĐĂůͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϰͲ/WǀϲĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ^ŚŽƌƚĐƵƚĨŽƌŇŝƉƉŝŶŐƚŚĞϳƚŚďŝƚ ͻYƵŝĐŬůǇĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐͲĐƌĞĂƚĞĂĐŚĂƌƚ ͻŽƵŶƚĨƌŽŵϬƚŽ&ŝŶŚĞǆͲƚǁŽĐŽůƵŵŶƐ͕ŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨĨŽƵƌ ͻYƵŝĐŬůǇĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŚĞǆďǇƚĞ –ŚĂŶŐĞŝƚƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌǀĂůƵĞ ϭ͘ϰͲ/Wǀϲ^ƵďŶĞƚDĂƐŬƐ Assigning IPv6 Addresses ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚƐƐŝŐŶĞĚEƵŵďĞƌƐƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ;/EͿƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐďůŽĐŬƐƚŽZ/ZƐ;ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚZĞŐŝƐƚƌŝĞƐͿ ͻZ/ZƐĂƐƐŝŐŶƐƐŵĂůůĞƌƐƵďŶĞƚďůŽĐŬƐƚŽ/^WƐ;/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞWƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐͿ ͻ/^WĂƐƐŝŐŶƐĂͬϰϴƐƵďŶĞƚƚŽƚŚĞĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌ ϭ͘ϰͲŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ/Wǀϲ Tunneling IPv6 ͻϲƚŽϰĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ –^ĞŶĚ/WǀϲŽǀĞƌĂŶĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ/WǀϰŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ƌĞĂƚĞƐĂŶ/WǀϲďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞ/WǀϰĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƌĞůĂǇƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –EŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌEd ͻϰŝŶϲͲdƵŶŶĞů/WǀϰƚƌĂĸĐŽŶĂŶ/WǀϲŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ Teredo/Miredo ͻdƵŶŶĞů/WǀϲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚEdĞĚ/Wǀϰ –ŶĚͲƚŽͲĞŶĚ/WǀϲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶ/WǀϰŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –EŽƐƉĞĐŝĂů/WǀϲƌŽƵƚĞƌŶĞĞĚĞĚ –dĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƵƐĞͲtĞ͛ůůŚĂǀĞ/WǀϲŶĂƟǀĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƐŽŽŶ;͍Ϳ ͻDŝƌĞĚŽͲKƉĞŶͲƐŽƵƌĐĞdĞƌĞĚŽĨŽƌ>ŝŶƵǆ͕ ͻ^hŶŝǆ͕ĂŶĚDĂĐK^yͲ&ƵůůĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ƵĂůͲƐƚĂĐŬƌŽƵƟŶŐ ͻƵĂůͲƐƚĂĐŬ/WǀϰĂŶĚ/WǀϲͲZƵŶďŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ –/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐǁŝůůďĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚŵƵůƟƉůĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚǇƉĞƐ ͻ/Wǀϰ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚǁŝƚŚ/WǀϰĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –DĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂŶ/WǀϰƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞ –hƐĞƐ/WǀϰĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ/WǀϲͲŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚǁŝƚŚ/WǀϲĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –DĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞ/WǀϲƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞ –hƐĞƐ/WǀϲĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Howdy Neighbor ͻdŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽZWŝŶ/Wǀϲ –^ŽŚŽǁĚŽǇŽƵĮŶĚŽƵƚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌ^ŽůŝĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ;E^ͿͲ^ĞŶƚĂƐĂŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;EͿ NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) ͻEŽďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐ͊ͲKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐƵƐŝŶŐŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚŽǀĞƌ/DWǀϲ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌDŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲZĞƉůĂĐĞƐƚŚĞ/WǀϰZW ͻ^>;^ƚĂƚĞůĞƐƐĚĚƌĞƐƐƵƚŽĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶͿ –ƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻ;ƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƚĞĐƟŽŶͿͲEŽĚƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞ/WƐ͊ ͻŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –ZŽƵƚĞƌ^ŽůŝĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ;Z^ͿĂŶĚZŽƵƚĞƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;ZͿ &ŝŶĚŝŶŐZŽƵƚĞƌ ͻ/DWǀϲĂĚĚƐƚŚĞEĞŝŐŚďŽƌŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻZŽƵƚĞƌƐĂůƐŽƐĞŶĚƵŶƐŽůŝĐŝƚĞĚZŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ –&ƌŽŵƚŚĞŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶŽĨīϬϮ͗͗ϭ ͻdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ/WǀϲĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƌĞĮǆǀĂůƵĞ͕ ĂŶĚƉƌĞĮǆůĞŶŐƚŚ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ͳ^ĞŶƚĂƐĂŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;EͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϱͲ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽ/W A Series of Moving Vans ͻĸĐŝĞŶƚůǇŵŽǀĞůĂƌŐĞĂŵŽƵŶƚƐŽĨĚĂƚĂ –hƐĞĂƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐƚƌƵĐŬ ͻdŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚŽƉŽůŽŐǇŝƐƚŚĞƌŽĂĚ –ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ͕^>͕ĐŽĂǆĐĂďůĞ ͻdŚĞƚƌƵĐŬŝƐƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽů;/WͿ –tĞ͛ǀĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŚĞƌŽĂĚƐĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƚƌƵĐŬ ͻdŚĞďŽǆĞƐŚŽůĚǇŽƵƌĚĂƚĂ –ŽǆĞƐŽĨdWĂŶĚhW ͻ/ŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞďŽǆĞƐĂƌĞŵŽƌĞƚŚŝŶŐƐ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ UDP - User Datagram Protocol ͻŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶůĞƐƐ –EŽĨŽƌŵĂůŽƉĞŶŽƌĐůŽƐĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻ͞hŶƌĞůŝĂďůĞ͟ĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ –EŽĞƌƌŽƌƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ –EŽƌĞŽƌĚĞƌŝŶŐŽĨĚĂƚĂŽƌƌĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ͻEŽŇŽǁĐŽŶƚƌŽů hWͲhƐĞƌĂƚĂŐƌĂŵWƌŽƚŽĐŽůŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ Server Client Ethernet Header Ethernet Header IP Ethernet Header IP Ethernet Header Ethernet Trailer Ethernet Payload IP IP Payload TCP TCP Ethernet Trailer TCP Payload Ethernet Trailer HTTP data Ethernet Trailer TCP and UDP ͻdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞĚŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨ/W –ŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞ/WƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻdǁŽǁĂǇƐƚŽŵŽǀĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƉůĂĐĞƚŽƉůĂĐĞ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐĨŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻK^/>ĂǇĞƌϰ –dŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚůĂǇĞƌ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐ –hƐĞŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ –dWĂŶĚhW TCP - Transmission Control Protocol ͻŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶͲŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚ –ĨŽƌŵĂůĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐĞƚƵƉĂŶĚĐůŽƐĞ ͻ͞ZĞůŝĂďůĞ͟ĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ –ZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇĨƌŽŵĞƌƌŽƌƐ –ĂŶŵĂŶĂŐĞŽƵƚͲŽĨͲŽƌĚĞƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ ŽƌƌĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ͻ&ůŽǁĐŽŶƚƌŽů –dŚĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƌĐĂŶŵĂŶĂŐĞŚŽǁŵƵĐŚĚĂƚĂŝƐƐĞŶƚ dWͲdƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC –^ĞŶĚĞƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐƚŚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞĚ Lots of Ports ͻ/WǀϰƐŽĐŬĞƚƐ –^ĞƌǀĞƌ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů͕ ƐĞƌǀĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌ –ůŝĞŶƚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů͕ĐůŝĞŶƚƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌ ͻEŽŶͲĞƉŚĞŵĞƌĂůƉŽƌƚƐʹƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ –WŽƌƚƐϬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭ͕ϬϮϯ –hƐƵĂůůǇŽŶĂƐĞƌǀĞƌŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ͻƉŚĞŵĞƌĂůƉŽƌƚƐʹƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ –WŽƌƚƐϭ͕ϬϮϰƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϲϱ͕ϱϯϱ –ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚŝŶƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞďǇƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚƐ Port Numbers ͻdWĂŶĚhWƉŽƌƚƐĐĂŶďĞĂŶǇŶƵŵďĞƌ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶϬĂŶĚϲϱ͕ϱϯϱ ͻDŽƐƚƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ;ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐͿƵƐĞŶŽŶͲĞƉŚĞŵĞƌĂů ;ŶŽƚͲƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇͿƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ –dŚŝƐŝƐŶ͛ƚĂůǁĂǇƐƚŚĞĐĂƐĞͲŝƚ͛ƐũƵƐƚĂŶƵŵďĞƌ͘ ͻWŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐĂƌĞĨŽƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŶŽƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞ͞ǁĞůůŬŶŽǁŶ͟ ͻdWƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐhWƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ICMP ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŽŶƚƌŽůDĞƐƐĂŐĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –͞dĞǆƚŵĞƐƐĂŐŝŶŐ͟ĨŽƌǇŽƵƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻŶŽƚŚĞƌƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůĐĂƌƌŝĞĚďǇ/WͲEŽƚƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻĞǀŝĐĞƐĐĂŶƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĂŶĚƌĞƉůǇƚŽĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ –,ĞǇ͕ĂƌĞǇŽƵƚŚĞƌĞ͍ͬzĞƐ͕/͛ŵƌŝŐŚƚŚĞƌĞ͘ ͻĞǀŝĐĞƐĐĂŶƐĞŶĚŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐǁŚĞŶƚŚŝŶŐƐĚŽŶ͛ƚŐŽǁĞůů –dŚĂƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬǇŽƵ͛ƌĞƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽƌĞĂĐŚ ŝƐŶŽƚƌĞĂĐŚĂďůĞĨƌŽŵŚĞƌĞ –zŽƵƌƟŵĞͲƚŽͲůŝǀĞĞǆƉŝƌĞĚ͕ũƵƐƚůĞƫŶŐǇŽƵŬŶŽǁ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϭϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶWŽƌƚƐ Telnet ͻdĞůŶĞƚʹdĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬͲƚĐƉͬϮϯ ͻ>ŽŐŝŶƚŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƌĞŵŽƚĞůǇ ͻŽŶƐŽůĞĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻ/ŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻEŽƚƚŚĞďĞƐƚĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ SSH - Secure Shell ͻŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶůŝŶŬͲƚĐƉͬϮϮ ͻ>ŽŽŬƐĂŶĚĂĐƚƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐdĞůŶĞƚ DNS - Domain Name System ͻŽŶǀĞƌƚƐŶĂŵĞƐƚŽ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐͲƵĚƉͬϱϯ –ǁǁǁ͘ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŵĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵсϭϲϮ͘ϭϱϵ͘Ϯϰϲ͘ϭϲϰ –>ĂƌŐĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐŵĂǇƵƐĞƚĐƉͬϱϯ ͻdŚĞƐĞĂƌĞǀĞƌǇĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ –hƐƵĂůůǇŵƵůƟƉůĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂƌĞŝŶƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ͻ^DdWͲ^ŝŵƉůĞDĂŝůdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –^ĞƌǀĞƌƚŽƐĞƌǀĞƌĞŵĂŝůƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌͲƚĐƉͬϮϱ ͻůƐŽƵƐĞĚƚŽƐĞŶĚŵĂŝůĨƌŽŵĂĚĞǀŝĐĞƚŽĂŵĂŝůƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ŽŵŵŽŶůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚŽŶŵŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚĞŵĂŝůĐůŝĞŶƚƐ ͻKƚŚĞƌƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĐůŝĞŶƚƐƚŽƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĞŵĂŝů –/DW͕WKWϯ POP/IMAP ͻZĞĐĞŝǀĞĞŵĂŝůƐĨƌŽŵĂŶĞŵĂŝůƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻWKWϯͲWŽƐƚŽĸĐĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽůǀĞƌƐŝŽŶϯͲƚĐƉͬϭϭϬ –ĂƐŝĐŵĂŝůƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ͻ/DWϰͲ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚDĞƐƐĂŐĞĐĐĞƐƐWƌŽƚŽĐŽůǀϰͲƚĐƉͬϭϰϯ –DĂŶĂŐĞĞŵĂŝůŝŶďŽǆĨƌŽŵŵƵůƟƉůĞĐůŝĞŶƚƐ SFTP - Secure FTP ͻhƐĞƐƚŚĞ^^,&ŝůĞdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͲƚĐƉͬϮϮ ͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĮůĞƐǇƐƚĞŵĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ –ZĞƐƵŵŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƚĞĚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ͕ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇůŝƐƟŶŐƐ͕ ƌĞŵŽƚĞĮůĞƌĞŵŽǀĂů &ŝůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ&dWʹ&ŝůĞdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ƚĐƉͬϮϬ;ĂĐƟǀĞŵŽĚĞĚĂƚĂͿ͕ƚĐƉͬϮϭ;ĐŽŶƚƌŽůͿ –dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐĮůĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚĂƵƐĞƌŶĂŵĞĂŶĚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚ –&ƵůůͲĨĞĂƚƵƌĞĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ;ůŝƐƚ͕ĂĚĚ͕ĚĞůĞƚĞ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ ͻd&dWʹdƌŝǀŝĂů&ŝůĞdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ƵĚƉͬϲϵ –sĞƌǇƐŝŵƉůĞĮůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻZĞĂĚĮůĞƐĂŶĚǁƌŝƚĞĮůĞƐ –EŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶͲEŽƚƵƐĞĚŽŶƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ,WͲǇŶĂŵŝĐ,ŽƐƚŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ ƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŽƉƟŽŶƐ –ƵĚƉͬϲϳ͕ƵĚƉͬϲϴͲZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻǇŶĂŵŝĐͬƉŽŽůĞĚ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚŝŶƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞĨƌŽŵĂƉŽŽů –ĂĐŚƐǇƐƚĞŵŝƐŐŝǀĞŶĂůĞĂƐĞ –DƵƐƚƌĞŶĞǁĂƚƐĞƚŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐ ͻZĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ –ĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚďǇDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –YƵŝĐŬůǇŵĂŶĂŐĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĨƌŽŵŽŶĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ HTTP and HTTPS ͻ,ǇƉĞƌƚĞǆƚdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞďƌŽǁƐĞƌ –ŶĚďǇŽƚŚĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ/ŶƚŚĞĐůĞĂƌŽƌĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ –^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďǇŶĞĂƌůǇĂůůǁĞďƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂŶĚĐůŝĞŶƚƐ SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐĨƌŽŵŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ƵĚƉͬϭϲϭ ͻǀϭʹdŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů –^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚƚĂďůĞƐ͕ŝŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌ ͻǀϮʹŐŽŽĚƐƚĞƉĂŚĞĂĚ –ĂƚĂƚǇƉĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ďƵůŬƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ –^ƟůůŝŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌ ͻǀϯʹdŚĞŶĞǁƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ Syslog ͻ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞůŽŐŐŝŶŐ –ŝǀĞƌƐĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚůŽŐ –ƵĚƉͬϱϭϰ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇĂĐĞŶƚƌĂůůŽŐĐŽůůĞĐƚŽƌ –/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^/D ͻzŽƵ͛ƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŶĞĞĚĂůŽƚŽĨĚŝƐŬƐƉĂĐĞ –ĂƚĂƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĨƌŽŵŵĂŶǇĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŽǀĞƌ ĂŶĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚƟŵĞĨƌĂŵĞ ZWͲZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻ^ŚĂƌĞĂĚĞƐŬƚŽƉĨƌŽŵĂƌĞŵŽƚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽǀĞƌƚĐƉͬϯϯϴϵ ͻZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽŶŵĂŶǇtŝŶĚŽǁƐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐ ͻĂŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĂŶĞŶƟƌĞĚĞƐŬƚŽƉŽƌũƵƐƚĂŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻůŝĞŶƚƐĨŽƌtŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕DĂĐK^͕>ŝŶƵǆ͕ŝWŚŽŶĞ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐ NTP - Network Time Protocol ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ –ǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶĐůŽĐŬͲƵĚƉͬϭϮϯ ͻ^ǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐůŽĐŬƐďĞĐŽŵĞƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů –>ŽŐĮůĞƐ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ŽƵƚĂŐĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ͻƵƚŽŵĂƟĐƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ –EŽŇĂƐŚŝŶŐϭϮ͗ϬϬůŝŐŚƚƐ ͻ&ůĞǆŝďůĞͲzŽƵĐŽŶƚƌŽůŚŽǁĐůŽĐŬƐĂƌĞƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ͻsĞƌǇĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ –ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇŝƐďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶϭŵŝůůŝƐĞĐŽŶĚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶWŽƌƚƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ^/WͲ^ĞƐƐŝŽŶ/ŶŝƟĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻsŽŝĐĞŽǀĞƌ/W;sŽ/WͿƐŝŐŶĂůŝŶŐ –ƚĐƉͬϱϬϲϬĂŶĚƚĐƉͬϱϬϲϭ ͻ^ĞƚƵƉĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞsŽ/WƐĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ –Ăůů͕ƌŝŶŐ͕ŚĂŶŐƵƉ ͻǆƚĞŶĚǀŽŝĐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –sŝĚĞŽĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐŝŶŐ͕ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚŵĞƐƐĂŐŝŶŐ͕ ĮůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ͕ĞƚĐ͘ SMB - Server Message Block ͻWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƵƐĞĚďǇDŝĐƌŽƐŽŌtŝŶĚŽǁƐ –&ŝůĞƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ͕ƉƌŝŶƚĞƌƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ –ůƐŽĐĂůůĞĚ/&^;ŽŵŵŽŶ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ&ŝůĞ^ǇƐƚĞŵͿ ͻŝƌĞĐƚŽǀĞƌƚĐƉͬϰϰϱ;EĞƚ/K^ͲůĞƐƐͿ ͻŝƌĞĐƚ^DĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŽǀĞƌdW LDAP/LDAPS ͻ>W;>ŝŐŚƚǁĞŝŐŚƚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇĐĐĞƐƐWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿͲƚĐƉͬϯϴϵ –^ƚŽƌĞĂŶĚƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ ͻ>W^;>W^ĞĐƵƌĞͿͲƚĐƉͬϲϯϲ –ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ>WŽǀĞƌ^^> –^ƟůůŝŶƵƐĞƚŽĚĂǇ Databases ͻDŝĐƌŽƐŽŌ^Y>^ĞƌǀĞƌ –D^Ͳ^Y>;DŝĐƌŽƐŽŌ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚYƵĞƌǇ>ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞͿ –ƚĐƉͬϭϰϯϯ ͻKƌĂĐůĞ^Y>ΎEĞƚ –ůƐŽĐĂůůĞĚKƌĂĐůĞEĞƚŽƌEĞƚϴͲƚĐƉͬϭϱϮϭ ͻDǇ^Y>ĨƌĞĞĂŶĚŽƉĞŶͲƐŽƵƌĐĞĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ –hůƟŵĂƚĞůǇĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚďǇKƌĂĐůĞͲƚĐƉͬϯϯϬϲ ARP - Address Resolu5on Protocol Resolve IP address to MAC TCP - Transmission Control Protocol Connec5on-oriented network communica5on UDP - User Datagram Protocol Connec5onless network communica5on Telnet tcp/23 Telecommunica5on Network Remote console login to network devices SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted console login DNS udp/53, tcp/53 Domain Name Services Convert domain names to IP addresses SMTP tcp/25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transfer email between mail servers POP3 tcp/110 Post Office Protocol version 3 Receive mail into a mail client IMAP4 tcp/143 Internet Message Access Protocol v4 A newer mail client protocol SFTP tcp/22 Secure File Transfer Protocol FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 File Transfer Protocol TFTP udp/69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol A very simple file transfer applica5on DHCP udp/67, udp/68 Dynamic Host Configura5on Protocol Update to BOOTP HTTP tcp/80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web server communica5on HTTPS tcp/443 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Web server communica5on with encryp5on SNMP udp/161 Simple Network Management Protocol Gather sta5s5cs and manage network devices Syslog udp/514 System Logging A standard for message logging RDP tcp/3389 Remote Desktop Protocol Graphical display of remote device NTP udp/123 Network Time Protocol Automa5cally synchronize clocks SIP tcp/5060-5061 Session Ini5a5on Protocol Voice over IP signaling protocol SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block File and printer sharing for Windows LDAP tcp/389 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Directory services LDAPS tcp/636 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure Directory services over SSL/TLS MS-SQL tcp/1433 Microso_ SQL Server Microso_’s structured query language database SQL *Net tcp/1521 Oracle SQL *Net Oracle SQL services MySQL tcp/3306 MySQL Server © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Encrypted file transfers using SSH Sends and receives files between systems Oracle’s open-source SQL services WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϱͲKƚŚĞƌhƐĞĨƵůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ICMP ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŽŶƚƌŽůDĞƐƐĂŐĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –͞dĞǆƚŵĞƐƐĂŐŝŶŐ͟ĨŽƌǇŽƵƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻŶŽƚŚĞƌƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůĐĂƌƌŝĞĚďǇ/W –EŽƚƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻĞǀŝĐĞƐĐĂŶƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĂŶĚƌĞƉůǇ ƚŽĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ –,ĞǇ͕ĂƌĞǇŽƵƚŚĞƌĞ͍ͬzĞƐ͕/͛ŵƌŝŐŚƚŚĞƌĞ͘ ͻĞǀŝĐĞƐĐĂŶƐĞŶĚŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐǁŚĞŶƚŚŝŶŐƐĚŽŶ͛ƚŐŽǁĞůů –dŚĂƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬǇŽƵ͛ƌĞƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽƌĞĂĐŚ ŝƐŶŽƚƌĞĂĐŚĂďůĞĨƌŽŵŚĞƌĞ –zŽƵƌƟŵĞͲƚŽͲůŝǀĞĞǆƉŝƌĞĚ͕ũƵƐƚůĞƫŶŐǇŽƵŬŶŽǁ 'Z ͻ'ĞŶĞƌŝĐZŽƵƟŶŐŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞ͞ƚƵŶŶĞů͟ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚǁŽĞŶĚƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞƚƌĂĸĐŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨ/W –dǁŽĞŶĚƉŽŝŶƚƐĂƉƉĞĂƌƚŽďĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –EŽďƵŝůƚͲŝŶĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ,;ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ,ĞĂĚĞƌͿ ͻĂƚĂŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ ͻKƌŝŐŝŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻZĞƉůĂǇĂƩĂĐŬƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ͻ<ĞǇĞĚͲŚĂƐŚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵ ͻEŽĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇͬĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ AH Header New IP Header ^W;ŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŶŐ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWĂǇůŽĂĚͿ ͻĂƚĂĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ;ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶͿ ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĞĚƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ ͻĂƚĂŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ ͻŶƟͲƌĞƉůĂǇƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ IP Packet with Authen/ca/on (tunnel mode) IP Header Data Authen/cated IPsec Datagram with ESP (tunnel mode) New IP Header ESP Header IP Header ESP Trailer Data Integrity Check Value Encrypted Authen;cated IPsec Transport mode and Tunnel mode AH and ESP ͻŽŵďŝŶĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇŽĨ, ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇŽĨ^W VPNs ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůWƌŝǀĂƚĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ;ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞͿĚĂƚĂƚƌĂǀĞƌƐŝŶŐĂƉƵďůŝĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŽƌ –ŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶͬĚĞĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĂĐĐĞƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞ –KŌĞŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂĮƌĞǁĂůů ͻDĂŶǇĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ –^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŌǁĂƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚŽƉƟŽŶƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻhƐĞĚǁŝƚŚĐůŝĞŶƚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞK^ IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĨŽƌK^/>ĂǇĞƌϯ –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇƉĂĐŬĞƚ ͻŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇͬĂŶƟͲƌĞƉůĂǇ –ŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĂŶĚƉĂĐŬĞƚƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ͻsĞƌǇƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝǌĞĚ –ŽŵŵŽŶƚŽƵƐĞŵƵůƟͲǀĞŶĚŽƌŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ ͻdǁŽĐŽƌĞ/W^ĞĐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ,ĞĂĚĞƌ;,Ϳ –ŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWĂǇůŽĂĚ;^WͿ Original Packet IP Header Data IPsec Datagram with AH and ESP (transport mode) IP Header AH Header ESP Header Data ESP Trailer Integrity Check Value Encrypted Authen;cated IPsec Datagram with AH and ESP (tunnel mode) New IP Header AH Header ESP Header IP Header Data ESP Trailer Integrity Check Value Encrypted Authen;cated © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϲͲ,WKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ DHCP The DHCP Process ͻ/WǀϰĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƵƐĞĚƚŽďĞŵĂŶƵĂů • Step 1: DiscoverͲůŝĞŶƚƚŽ,W^ĞƌǀĞƌ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ͕ŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕ ͻ&ŝŶĚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ,W^ĞƌǀĞƌƐ E^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕EdWƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ • ^ƚĞƉϮ͗KīĞƌͲ,W^ĞƌǀĞƌƚŽĐůŝĞŶƚ ͻKĐƚŽďĞƌϭϵϵϯͲdŚĞďŽŽƚƐƚƌĂƉƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůͲKKdW ͻ^ĞŶĚƐŽŵĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽƉƟŽŶƐƚŽƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚ ͻKKdWĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĚĞĮŶĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ • ^ƚĞƉϯ͗ZĞƋƵĞƐƚͲůŝĞŶƚƚŽ,W^ĞƌǀĞƌ –^ŽŵĞŵĂŶƵĂůĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞƐƟůůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻůŝĞŶƚĐŚŽŽƐĞƐĂŶŽīĞƌĂŶĚŵĂŬĞƐĂĨŽƌŵĂůƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ –KKdWĂůƐŽĚŝĚŶ͛ƚŬŶŽǁǁŚĞŶ • Step 4: AcknowledgementͲ,W^ĞƌǀĞƌƚŽĐůŝĞŶƚ ĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŵŝŐŚƚďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂŐĂŝŶ ͻ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĞŶĚƐĂŶĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚ ͻǇŶĂŵŝĐ,ŽƐƚŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –/ŶŝƟĂůůǇƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚŝŶϭϵϵϳ͕ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐͬ/WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂůŵŽƐƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ Managing DHCP in the enterprise ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĞĚŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƌĂŶŐĞ –hƐĞƐƚŚĞ/WǀϰďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶ –^ƚŽƉƐĂƚĂƌŽƵƚĞƌ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŶĞĞĚĞĚĨŽƌƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ –ĐƌŽƐƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ^ĐĂůĂďŝůŝƚǇŝƐĂůǁĂǇƐĂŶŝƐƐƵĞ –DĂǇŶŽƚǁĂŶƚ;ŽƌŶĞĞĚͿƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞ –,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƌĞŵŽƚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ͻzŽƵ͛ƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŶĞĞĚĂůŝƩůĞŚĞůƉ;ĞƌͿ –^ĞŶĚ,WƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĂĐƌŽƐƐďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ ϭ͘ϲͲŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ,W ^ĐŽƉĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƌĂŶŐĞ;ĂŶĚĞǆĐůƵĚĞĚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐͿ ͻ^ƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ ͻ>ĞĂƐĞĚƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ͻKƚŚĞƌƐĐŽƉĞŽƉƟŽŶƐ –E^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ͕ĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕t/E^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ DHCP pools ͻ'ƌŽƵƉŝŶŐŽĨ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ĂĐŚƐƵďŶĞƚŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶƐĐŽƉĞ –ϭϵϮ͘ϭϲϴ͘ϭ͘ϬͬϮϰ͕ϭϵϮ͘ϭϲϴ͘Ϯ͘ϬͬϮϰ͕ϭϵϮ͘ϭϲϴ͘ϯ͘ϬͬϮϰ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻƐĐŽƉĞŝƐŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇĂƐŝŶŐůĞĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐƉŽŽůŽĨ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –,WĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶƐĐĂŶďĞŵĂĚĞŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞ DHCP address assignment ͻǇŶĂŵŝĐĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ –,WƐĞƌǀĞƌŚĂƐĂďŝŐƉŽŽůŽĨĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐƚŽŐŝǀĞŽƵƚ –ĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞĐůĂŝŵĞĚĂŌĞƌĂůĞĂƐĞƉĞƌŝŽĚ ͻƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĚǇŶĂŵŝĐĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –,WƐĞƌǀĞƌŬĞĞƉƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨƉĂƐƚĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ –zŽƵ͛ůůĂůǁĂǇƐŐĞƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ^ƚĂƟĐĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƚĂďůĞŽĨDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ĂĐŚDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŚĂƐĂŵĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –KƚŚĞƌŶĂŵĞƐͲ^ƚĂƟĐ,WƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ͕^ƚĂƟĐ,W͕ ĚĚƌĞƐƐZĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕/WZĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC DHCP leases ͻ>ĞĂƐŝŶŐǇŽƵƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –/ƚ͛ƐŽŶůǇƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ –ƵƚŝƚĐĂŶƐĞĞŵƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚ ͻůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –ƐƐŝŐŶĞĚĂůĞĂƐĞƟŵĞďǇƚŚĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚ ͻZĞĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –ZĞďŽŽƚǇŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ –ŽŶĮƌŵƐƚŚĞůĞĂƐĞ ͻtŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶĐĂŶĂůƐŽŵĂŶƵĂůůǇƌĞůĞĂƐĞƚŚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –DŽǀŝŶŐƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐƵďŶĞƚ DHCP renewal ͻdϭƟŵĞƌ –ŚĞĐŬŝŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĞŶĚŝŶŐ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ ƚŽƌĞŶĞǁƚŚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ϱϬйŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂƐĞƟŵĞ;ďǇĚĞĨĂƵůƚͿ ͻdϮƟŵĞƌ –/ĨƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů,WƐĞƌǀĞƌŝƐĚŽǁŶ͕ ƚƌǇƌĞďŝŶĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĂŶǇ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ϴϳ͘ϱйŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂƐĞƟŵĞ;ϳͬϴƚŚƐͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϲͲŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐ,W;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ DHCP Timers Normal Opera*on Renewal Period Rebinding Period Normal Opera*on Lease Time: 8 days Renewal Timer (T1): 4 days (50%) Rebinding Timer (T2): 7 days (87.5%) Renewal Period Rebinding Period Normal Opera*on Renewal Period Rebinding Period ϭ͘ϲͲŶKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨE^ Domain Name System ͻdƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐŚƵŵĂŶͲƌĞĂĚĂďůĞŶĂŵĞƐ ŝŶƚŽĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌͲƌĞĂĚĂďůĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –zŽƵŽŶůǇŶĞĞĚƚŽƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌ ǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ ͻ,ŝĞƌĂƌĐŚŝĐĂů –&ŽůůŽǁƚŚĞƉĂƚŚ ͻŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ –DĂŶǇE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ –ϭϯƌŽŽƚƐĞƌǀĞƌĐůƵƐƚĞƌƐ;ŽǀĞƌϭ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƚƵĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐͿ –,ƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨŐĞŶĞƌŝĐƚŽƉͲůĞǀĞůĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ;Őd>ƐͿͲ ͘ĐŽŵ͕͘ŽƌŐ͕͘ŶĞƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –KǀĞƌϮϳϱĐŽƵŶƚƌǇĐŽĚĞƚŽƉͲůĞǀĞůĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ;ĐĐd>ƐͿͲ ͘ƵƐ͕͘ĐĂ͕͘ƵŬ͕ĞƚĐ͘ The DNS hierarchy . .com .net .edu Internal vs. External DNS ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂůE^ͲŵĂŶĂŐĞĚŽŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞůŽĐĂůƚĞĂŵ –ŽŶƚĂŝŶƐE^ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –E^ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŽŶtŝŶĚŽǁƐ^ĞƌǀĞƌ ͻǆƚĞƌŶĂůE^ –KŌĞŶDĂŶĂŐĞĚďǇĂƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇ –ŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –'ŽŽŐůĞE^͕YƵĂĚϵ Lookups ͻ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚůŽŽŬƵƉ –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌǁŝƚŚĂŶ&YE –E^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻZĞǀĞƌƐĞE^ –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌǁŝƚŚĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŶ&YE .org .professormesser www live mail trey © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC east ka5e west ethan judy WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϲͲŶKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨE^;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ &YE;&ƵůůǇYƵĂůŝĮĞĚŽŵĂŝŶEĂŵĞͿ professormesser.com ethan.west.professormesser.com ka0e.east.professormesser.com west.professormesser.com east.professormesser.com www.professormesser.com 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Canonical name records (CNAME) ͻŶĂŵĞŝƐĂŶĂůŝĂƐŽĨĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ĐĂŶŽŶŝĐĂůŶĂŵĞ –KŶĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌ͕ŵƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ IN A 162.159.246.164 ; Professor Messer ; Alias (canonical) names gopher IN CNAME mail.mydomain.name. ftp IN CNAME mail.mydomain.name. www IN CNAME mail.mydomain.name. ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ;^ZsͿ ͻ&ŝŶĚĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ –tŚĞƌĞŝƐƚŚĞtŝŶĚŽǁƐŽŵĂŝŶŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌ͍tŚĞƌĞŝƐƚŚĞŝŶƐƚĂŶƚŵĞƐƐĂŐŝŶŐƐĞƌǀĞƌ͍tŚĞƌĞŝƐƚŚĞsŽ/WĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌ͍ ;Service records ; _service._proto.name. _ldap._tcp.domain.com. TTL 300 class SRV priority weight port target. IN SRV 10 60 389 s1.domain.com. Mail exchanger record (MX) ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐƚŚĞŚŽƐƚŶĂŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂŝůƐĞƌǀĞƌͲƚŚŝƐŝƐŶ͛ƚĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͖ŝƚ͛ƐĂŶĂŵĞ ; This is the mail-exchanger. You can list more than one (if DSSOLFDEOH ZLWKWKHLQWHJHUºHOGLQGLFDWLQJSULRULW\ ORZHVW EHLQJDKLJKHUSULRULW\ IN MX mail.mydomain.name. 3URYLGHVRSWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHPDFKLQHW\SH RSHUDWLQJV\VWHP XVHGIRUWKHVHUYHU IN HINFO Pentium/350 LINUX $OLVWRIPDFKLQHQDPHV DGGUHVVHV spock.mydomain.name. IN A 123.12.41.40 mail.mydomain.name. IN A 123.12.41.41 kirk.mydomain.name. IN A 123.12.41.42 © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ; OpenVMS Alpha ; Linux (main server) ; Windows NT (blech!) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϲͲE^ZĞĐŽƌĚdǇƉĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Name server records (NS) ͻ>ŝƐƚƚŚĞŶĂŵĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĨŽƌĂĚŽŵĂŝŶͲE^ƌĞĐŽƌĚƐƉŽŝŶƚƚŽƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ ; main domain name servers IN NS ns1.example.com. IN NS ns2.example.com. ; mail domain mail servers IN MX mail.example.com. ; A records for name servers above ns1 IN A 192.168.0.3 ns2 IN A 192.168.0.4 ; A record for mail server above mail IN A 192.168.0.5 WŽŝŶƚĞƌƌĞĐŽƌĚ;WdZͿ ͻdŚĞƌĞǀĞƌƐĞŽĨĂŶŽƌƌĞĐŽƌĚ –ĚĚĞĚƚŽĂƌĞǀĞƌƐĞŵĂƉǌŽŶĞĮůĞ 2 .... 15 .... 17 Text records (TXT) ͻ,ƵŵĂŶͲƌĞĂĚĂďůĞƚĞǆƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –hƐĞĨƵůƉƵďůŝĐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ^W&ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů;^ĞŶĚĞƌWŽůŝĐǇ&ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬͿ –WƌĞǀĞŶƚŵĂŝůƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –DĂŝůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĐŚĞĐŬƚŚĂƚŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐŵĂŝů ƌĞĂůůǇĚŝĚĐŽŵĞĨƌŽŵĂŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚŚŽƐƚ IN PTR joe.example.com. ; FDQN IN PTR www.example.com. IN PTR bill.example.com. ͻ</D;ŽŵĂŝŶ<ĞǇƐ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞĚDĂŝůͿ –ŝŐŝƚĂůůǇƐŝŐŶǇŽƵƌŽƵƚŐŽŝŶŐŵĂŝů –sĂůŝĚĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŵĂŝůƐĞƌǀĞƌ͕ ŶŽƚƵƐƵĂůůǇƐĞĞŶďǇƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƐĞƌ –WƵƚǇŽƵƌƉƵďůŝĐŬĞǇŝŶƚŚĞ</DdydƌĞĐŽƌĚ ; SPF TXT records ; owner class ttl TXT “attribute-name=attribute value” professormesser.com. 300 IN TXT “v=spf1 include:mailgun.org ~all” ; DKIM TXT records ; owner class ttl TXT “attribute-name=attribute value” 1517680427.professormesser._domainkey.professormesser.com. IN 300 TXT (“v=DKIM1;t=s;p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDqCUQ5dpKOtwQdE2k8HaCQqV+f” “3y30BCzNz75IffEXtk+sTBiDcGWIcapUzkgC4tN0boHBw57APzNInmjH9yZn15TB” “TfTavC44nXidUZ8LzsJGWVvYYxoFR5DuBoi/zIO0Hv6YDUpDxJa9knZABTOWLS2F” “YtK9dWAMaOZdtTBOhQIDAQAB”) Zone transfers ͻZĞƉůŝĐĂƚĞĂE^ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ –dŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌŚĂƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇĐŽƉǇŽĨƚŚĞ ǌŽŶĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌĞƚŽĂƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌǇƐĞƌǀĞƌ –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻdƌŝŐŐĞƌĞĚďǇƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞƌŝĂůŶƵŵďĞƌ –/ĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŝĂůŶƵŵďĞƌŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŵƵƐƚŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶĂĐŚĂŶŐĞ ͻ&ƵůůǌŽŶĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐĐĂŶďĞĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƌŝƐŬ –ƩĂĐŬĞƌƐĐĂŶƵƐĞƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĂƐƌĞĐŽŶŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϲͲŶKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨEdW NTP (Network Time Protocol) ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ –ǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶĐůŽĐŬ ͻ^ǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐůŽĐŬƐďĞĐŽŵĞƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů –>ŽŐĮůĞƐ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ŽƵƚĂŐĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ͻƵƚŽŵĂƟĐƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ –EŽŇĂƐŚŝŶŐϭϮ͗ϬϬůŝŐŚƚƐ ͻ&ůĞǆŝďůĞ –zŽƵĐŽŶƚƌŽůŚŽǁĐůŽĐŬƐĂƌĞƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ͻsĞƌǇĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ –ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇŝƐďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶϭŵŝůůŝƐĞĐŽŶĚ ŽŶĂůŽĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ NTP clients and servers ͻEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ZĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƟŵĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐĨƌŽŵEdWĐůŝĞŶƚƐ –ŽĞƐŶŽƚŵŽĚŝĨǇƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƟŵĞ ͻEdWĐůŝĞŶƚ –ZĞƋƵĞƐƚƐƟŵĞƵƉĚĂƚĞƐĨƌŽŵEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻEdWĐůŝĞŶƚͬƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ZĞƋƵĞƐƚƐƟŵĞƵƉĚĂƚĞƐĨƌŽŵĂŶEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ZĞƐƉŽŶĚƐƚŽƟŵĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌEdWĐůŝĞŶƚƐ ͻ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƉůĂŶǇŽƵƌEdWƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ –tŚŝĐŚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌĞĐůŝĞŶƚƐ͕ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚĐůŝĞŶƚͬƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͍ NTP stratum layers ͻ^ŽŵĞĐůŽĐŬƐĂƌĞďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐ –zŽƵƌĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĐůŽĐŬ ŝƐĂƐƚƌĂƚƵŵ ͻ^ƚƌĂƚƵŵϬ –ƚŽŵŝĐĐůŽĐŬ͕'W^ĐůŽĐŬ –sĞƌǇĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ ͻ^ƚƌĂƚƵŵϭ –^ǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌĞĚƚŽƐƚƌĂƚƵŵϬƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ –WƌŝŵĂƌǇƟŵĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻ^ƚƌĂƚƵŵϮ –^ǇŶĐ͛ĚƚŽƐƚƌĂƚƵŵϭƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐEdW ͻEdWĐůŝĞŶƚ –^ƉĞĐŝĨǇƚŚĞEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ;/WŽƌŚŽƐƚŶĂŵĞͿ –hƐĞŵƵůƟƉůĞEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ;ŝĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞͿĨŽƌƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ ͻEdWƐĞƌǀĞƌ –zŽƵŶĞĞĚĂƚůĞĂƐƚŽŶĞĐůŽĐŬƐŽƵƌĐĞ –^ƉĞĐŝĨǇƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚƵŵůĞǀĞůŽĨƚŚĞĐůŽĐŬ –/ĨƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂĐŚŽŝĐĞ͕ƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌƐƚƌĂƚƵŵůĞǀĞůǁŝŶƐ ϭ͘ϳͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ Three-Tier Architecture ͻŽƌĞ –dŚĞ͞ĐĞŶƚĞƌ͟ŽĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –tĞďƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞƐ͕ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –DĂŶǇƉĞŽƉůĞŶĞĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚŝƐ • ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ –ŵŝĚƉŽŝŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĐŽƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐ –ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ –DĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƉĂƚŚƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƐĞƌƐ • Access –tŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ –ŶĚƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ƉƌŝŶƚĞƌƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϳͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Ê;^ŽŌǁĂƌĞĞĮŶĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐͿ Extend the physical architecture ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶĞƐŽĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ –ĂƚĂ͕ĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶĞƐ ͻ^ƉůŝƚƚŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůŽŐŝĐĂůƵŶŝƚƐ –ǆƚĞŶĚƚŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨĂƐŝŶŐůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –WĞƌĨĞĐƚůǇďƵŝůƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚ ͻ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞůĂǇĞƌͬĂƚĂƉůĂŶĞ –WƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĨƌĂŵĞƐĂŶĚƉĂĐŬĞƚƐ ÊĚĂƚĂŇŽǁƐ –&ŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐ͕ƚƌƵŶŬŝŶŐ͕ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŶŐ͕Ed ͻŽŶƚƌŽůůĂǇĞƌͬŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞ –DĂŶĂŐĞƐƚŚĞĂĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂƉůĂŶĞ –ZŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞƐ͕ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶƚĂďůĞƐ͕EdƚĂďůĞƐ –ǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶůĂǇĞƌͬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶĞ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ Spine and leaf architecture ͻĂĐŚůĞĂĨƐǁŝƚĐŚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŽĞĂĐŚƐƉŝŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ĂĐŚƐƉŝŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŽĞĂĐŚůĞĂĨƐǁŝƚĐŚ ͻ>ĞĂĨƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĚŽŶŽƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –^ĂŵĞĨŽƌƐƉŝŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ ͻdŽƉͲŽĨͲƌĂĐŬƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ –ĂĐŚůĞĂĨŝƐŽŶƚŚĞ͞ƚŽƉ͟ŽĨĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĂĐŬ –DĂǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŐƌŽƵƉŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƌĂĐŬƐ ͻĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –^ŝŵƉůĞĐĂďůŝŶŐ͕ƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚ͕ĨĂƐƚ ͻŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ –ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐŵĂǇďĞĐŽƐƚůǇ dƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐ EĞƚǁŽƌŬůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻƌĂŶĐŚŽĸĐĞ ͻdƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĂĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ –ƌĞŵŽƚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽŬŶŽǁǁŚĞƌĞƚƌĂĸĐƐƚĂƌƚƐĂŶĚĞŶĚƐ –ůŝĞŶƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ƉƌŝŶƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚͬƌŽƵƚĞƌͬĮƌĞǁĂůů ͻĂƐƚͲǁĞƐƚ ͻKŶͲƉƌĞŵŝƐĞƐĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ –dƌĂĸĐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ –dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶͲŚŽƵƐĞ –ZĞůĂƟǀĞůǇĨĂƐƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƟŵĞƐ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƉŽǁĞƌ͕ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚŽŶŐŽŝŶŐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ͻEŽƌƚŚͲƐŽƵƚŚƚƌĂĸĐ ͻŽůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –/ŶŐƌĞƐƐͬĞŐƌĞƐƐƚŽĂŶŽƵƚƐŝĚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –^ŚĂƌĞĂĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐ –ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉŽƐƚƵƌĞƚŚĂŶĞĂƐƚͲǁĞƐƚƚƌĂĸĐ –>ŽĐĂůŽǀĞƌƐŝŐŚƚĂŶĚŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ϭ͘ϳͲ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ SAN ͻ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬ;ÊͿ –>ŽŽŬƐĂŶĚĨĞĞůƐůŝŬĞĂůŽĐĂůƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ůŽĐŬͲůĞǀĞůĂĐĐĞƐƐ –sĞƌǇĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƌĞĂĚŝŶŐĂŶĚǁƌŝƟŶŐ ͻZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂůŽƚŽĨďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ –DĂǇƵƐĞĂŶŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Fibre Channel (FC) ͻƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚŚŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚƚŽƉŽůŽŐǇ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƐĞƌǀĞƌƐƚŽƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ –ϮͲ͕ϰͲ͕ϴͲĂŶĚϭϲͲŐŝŐĂďŝƚƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚƌĂƚĞƐ –^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚŽǀĞƌďŽƚŚĮďĞƌĂŶĚĐŽƉƉĞƌ ͻ^ĞƌǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĂ&ŝďƌĞŚĂŶŶĞůƐǁŝƚĐŚ –^ĞƌǀĞƌ;ŝŶŝƟĂƚŽƌͿŶĞĞĚƐĂ&ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –^ƚŽƌĂŐĞ;ƚĂƌŐĞƚͿŝƐĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚďǇ ^^/͕^^͕Žƌ^dĐŽŵŵĂŶĚƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϮϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϳͲ^ƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Fibre Channel over Ethernet ͻhƐĞ&ŝďƌĞŚĂŶŶĞůŽǀĞƌĂŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –EŽƐƉĞĐŝĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚĂŶĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ&ŝďƌĞ ŚĂŶŶĞůŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –EŽƚƌŽƵƚĂďůĞ iSCSI ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ^ŵĂůůŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –^ĞŶĚ^^/ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚƐŽǀĞƌĂŶ/WŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇ/DĂŶĚŝƐĐŽ͕ŶŽǁĂŶZ&ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ͻDĂŬĞƐĂƌĞŵŽƚĞĚŝƐŬůŽŽŬĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƚĞůŝŬĞĂůŽĐĂůĚŝƐŬ –>ŝŬĞ&ŝďƌĞŚĂŶŶĞů ͻĂŶďĞŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƋƵŝƚĞǁĞůůŝŶƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –ƌŝǀĞƌƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂŶǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –EŽƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇƚŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐŽƌŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚ ϭ͘ϴͲůŽƵĚDŽĚĞůƐ Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) ͻ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĐĂůůĞĚ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂƐĂ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;,ĂĂ^Ϳ –KƵƚƐŽƵƌĐĞǇŽƵƌĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ͻzŽƵ͛ƌĞƐƟůůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ –ŶĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻzŽƵƌĚĂƚĂŝƐŽƵƚƚŚĞƌĞ͕ ďƵƚŵŽƌĞǁŝƚŚŝŶǇŽƵƌĐŽŶƚƌŽů ͻtĞďƐĞƌǀĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ^ŽŌǁĂƌĞĂƐĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ;^ĂĂ^Ϳ ͻKŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –EŽůŽĐĂůŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ –tŚǇŵĂŶĂŐĞǇŽƵƌŽǁŶĞŵĂŝůĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͍ KƌƉĂǇƌŽůů͍ ͻĞŶƚƌĂůŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –zŽƵƌĚĂƚĂŝƐŽƵƚƚŚĞƌĞ ͻĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽīĞƌŝŶŐ –EŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚǁŽƌŬƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻ'ŽŽŐůĞDĂŝů WůĂƞŽƌŵĂƐĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ;WĂĂ^Ϳ ͻEŽƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ŶŽƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ͕ ŶŽŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞƚĞĂŵ͕ŶŽ,s –^ŽŵĞŽŶĞĞůƐĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐƚŚĞƉůĂƞŽƌŵ͕ ǇŽƵŚĂŶĚůĞƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ͻzŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞĚŝƌĞĐƚĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ͕ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ŽƌŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –dƌĂŝŶĞĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐĂƌĞ ǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐǇŽƵƌƐƚƵī –ŚŽŽƐĞĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇ ͻWƵƚƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďůŽĐŬƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ –ĞǀĞůŽƉǇŽƵƌĂƉƉĨƌŽŵǁŚĂƚ͛ƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŽŶƚŚĞƉůĂƞŽƌŵ –^ĂůĞƐ&ŽƌĐĞ͘ĐŽŵ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC On Premises Infrastructure as a Service Pla3orm as a Service So5ware as a Service Applica'on Applica'on Applica'on Applica'on Data Data Data Data Run'me Run'me Run'me Run'me Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware OS OS OS OS Virtualiza'on Virtualiza'on Virtualiza'on Virtualiza'on Servers Servers Servers Servers Storage Storage Storage Storage Networking Networking Networking Networking Client Managed Provider Managed Cloud deployment models ͻWƌŝǀĂƚĞͲzŽƵƌŽǁŶǀŝƌƚƵĂůŝǌĞĚůŽĐĂůĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ ͻWƵďůŝĐͲǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŽǀĞƌƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻ,ǇďƌŝĚͲŵŝǆŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂŶĚƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ͻŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇͲ^ĞǀĞƌĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐ ƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ Desktop as a Service ͻĂƐŝĐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƵƐĂŐĞ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂĐƚƵĂůůǇƌƵŶŽŶĂƌĞŵŽƚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ –sŝƌƚƵĂůĞƐŬƚŽƉ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ;s/Ϳ͕ ĞƐŬƚŽƉĂƐĂ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;ĂĂ^Ϳ –>ŽĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐĂŬĞǇďŽĂƌĚ͕ŵŽƵƐĞ͕ĂŶĚƐĐƌĞĞŶ͘ ͻDŝŶŝŵĂůŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵŽŶƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚ –EŽŚƵŐĞŵĞŵŽƌǇŽƌWhŶĞĞĚƐ ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –ŝŐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚ –ǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŚĂƉƉĞŶƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞǁŝƌĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϭ͘ϴͲĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽƵĚ Designing the cloud ͻKŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐƉŽǁĞƌ –ůŝĐŬĂďƵƩŽŶ ͻůĂƐƟĐŝƚǇ –^ĐĂůĞƵƉŽƌĚŽǁŶĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂůƐŽƐĐĂůĞ –^ĐĂůĂďŝůŝƚǇĨŽƌůĂƌŐĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ –ĐĐĞƐƐĨƌŽŵĂŶǇǁŚĞƌĞ ͻDƵůƟƚĞŶĂŶĐǇ –DĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐůŝĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐůŽƵĚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ Infrastructure as code ͻĞƐĐƌŝďĞĂŶŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –ĞĮŶĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕ĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂƐĐŽĚĞ ͻDŽĚŝĨǇƚŚĞŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐ –dŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂǇǇŽƵǀĞƌƐŝŽŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĐŽĚĞ ͻhƐĞƚŚĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ;ĐŽĚĞͿƚŽďƵŝůĚŽƚŚĞƌ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ –ƵŝůĚŝƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂǇĞǀĞƌǇƟŵĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĐŽĚĞ ͻŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚĨŽƌĐůŽƵĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐ –ƵŝůĚĂƉĞƌĨĞĐƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶĞǀĞƌǇƟŵĞ KƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ͻƵƚŽŵĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞŬĞǇƚŽĐůŽƵĚĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐ –^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĚĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇ͕ ŽƌĂƚƚŚĞƉƵƐŚŽĨĂďƵƩŽŶ ͻŶƟƌĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐĐĂŶďĞŝŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĞĚ –ůůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ͻ/ŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐĐĂŶŵŽǀĞĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ –&ŽůůŽǁƚŚĞƐƵŶ ͻdŚĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŽƌĐŚĞƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ –ƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĞĚ͕ƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ŝƐĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚ ͻsWE –^ŝƚĞͲƚŽͲƐŝƚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůWƌŝǀĂƚĞůŽƵĚ'ĂƚĞǁĂǇ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƵƐĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻsWŶĚƉŽŝŶƚ –ŝƌĞĐƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐůŽƵĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ VM sprawl avoidance ͻůŝĐŬĂďƵƩŽŶ –zŽƵ͛ǀĞďƵŝůƚĂƐĞƌǀĞƌ –KƌŵƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͕ĂŶĚĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ ͻ/ƚďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂůŵŽƐƚƚŽŽĞĂƐǇƚŽďƵŝůĚŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ –dŚŝƐĐĂŶŐĞƚŽƵƚŽĨŚĂŶĚǀĞƌǇƋƵŝĐŬůǇ ͻdŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐĂƌĞƐƉƌĂǁůĞĚĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ –zŽƵĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƐƵƌĞǁŚŝĐŚsDƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –/ƚďĞĐŽŵĞƐĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ͻ&ŽƌŵĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĂŶĚĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ –zŽƵƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶĞǀĞƌǇǀŝƌƚƵĂůŽďũĞĐƚ sDĞƐĐĂƉĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ͻdŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞŝƐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽǁĂǇŽƵƚ –KƌŝƐƚŚĞƌĞ͍ ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůŵĂĐŚŝŶĞĞƐĐĂƉĞ –ƌĞĂŬŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞsDĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŚŽƐƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵŽƌŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ͻKŶĐĞǇŽƵĞƐĐĂƉĞƚŚĞsD͕ǇŽƵŚĂǀĞŐƌĞĂƚĐŽŶƚƌŽů –ŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚĞŚŽƐƚĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽƚŚĞƌŐƵĞƐƚsDƐ ͻdŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚďĞĂŚƵŐĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚ –&ƵůůĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůǁŽƌůĚ Virtual private cloud endpoints Virtual Private Cloud Storage Network Public Subnet Virtual Machine VPC Internet Gateway Private Subnet Internet Cloud Storage Bucket VPC Endpoint Virtual Machine © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĞǀŝĐĞƐ Hub ͻ͞DƵůƟͲƉŽƌƚƌĞƉĞĂƚĞƌ͟ –dƌĂĸĐŐŽŝŶŐŝŶŽŶĞƉŽƌƚŝƐƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚƚŽ ĞǀĞƌǇŽƚŚĞƌƉŽƌƚ –K^/>ĂǇĞƌϭ ͻǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝƐŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆ ͻĞĐŽŵĞƐůĞƐƐĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĂƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƉĞĞĚƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ͻϭϬŵĞŐĂďŝƚͬϭϬϬŵĞŐĂďŝƚ ͻŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĮŶĚƚŽĚĂǇ Bridge ͻ/ŵĂŐŝŶĞĂƐǁŝƚĐŚǁŝƚŚƚǁŽƚŽĨŽƵƌƉŽƌƚƐ –DĂŬĞƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐŝŶƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ĂŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚŽƉŽůŽŐŝĞƐ –'ĞƚƐĂƌŽƵŶĚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƐŝǌĞůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐͬĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐ ͻK^/>ĂǇĞƌϮĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚƌĂĸĐďĂƐĞĚŽŶDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻDŽƐƚďƌŝĚŐĞƐƚŚĞƐĞĚĂǇƐĂƌĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –ƌŝĚŐĞƐǁŝƌĞĚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƚŽǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ Switch ͻƌŝĚŐŝŶŐĚŽŶĞŝŶŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ;^/Ϳ ͻŶK^/ůĂǇĞƌϮĚĞǀŝĐĞ –&ŽƌǁĂƌĚƐƚƌĂĸĐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĚĂƚĂůŝŶŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻDĂŶǇƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ –dŚĞĐŽƌĞŽĨĂŶĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –DĂǇƉƌŽǀŝĚĞWŽǁĞƌŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ;WŽͿ ͻDƵůƟůĂǇĞƌƐǁŝƚĐŚ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞƐ>ĂǇĞƌϯ;ƌŽƵƟŶŐͿĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ZŽƵƚĞƌ ͻZŽƵƚĞƐƚƌĂĸĐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ/WƐƵďŶĞƚƐ –K^/ůĂǇĞƌϯĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƐŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ĐĂůůĞĚ͞ůĂǇĞƌϯƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͟ –>ĂǇĞƌϮс^ǁŝƚĐŚ –>ĂǇĞƌϯсZŽƵƚĞƌ ͻKŌĞŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐĚŝǀĞƌƐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚǇƉĞƐ –>E͕tE͕ĐŽƉƉĞƌ͕ĮďĞƌ Access point ͻEŽƚĂǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƌŽƵƚĞƌŝƐĂƌŽƵƚĞƌĂŶĚ ĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚŝƐĂďƌŝĚŐĞ –ǆƚĞŶĚƐƚŚĞǁŝƌĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –K^/ůĂǇĞƌϮĚĞǀŝĐĞ Cable modem ͻƌŽĂĚďĂŶĚ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂĐƌŽƐƐŵƵůƟƉůĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂĸĐƚǇƉĞƐ ͻĂƚĂŽŶƚŚĞ͞ĐĂďůĞ͟ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –K^/^;ĂƚĂKǀĞƌĂďůĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶͿ ͻ,ŝŐŚͲƐƉĞĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –ϰDďŝƚƐͬƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϮϱϬDďŝƚƐͬƐĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ –'ŝŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞĞĚƐĂƌĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐͲĂƚĂ͕ǀŽŝĐĞ͕ǀŝĚĞŽ DSL modem ͻ^>;ƐǇŵŵĞƚƌŝĐŝŐŝƚĂů^ƵďƐĐƌŝďĞƌ>ŝŶĞͿ –hƐĞƐƚĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞůŝŶĞƐ ͻŽǁŶůŽĂĚƐƉĞĞĚŝƐĨĂƐƚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƵƉůŽĂĚƐƉĞĞĚ ;ĂƐǇŵŵĞƚƌŝĐͿ –ΕϭϬ͕ϬϬϬĨŽŽƚůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŽĸĐĞ;KͿ –ϱϮDďŝƚͬƐĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵͬϭϲDďŝƚͬƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĂƌĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ –&ĂƐƚĞƌƐƉĞĞĚƐŵĂǇďĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŝĨĐůŽƐĞƌƚŽƚŚĞK ZĞƉĞĂƚĞƌ ͻZĞĐĞŝǀĞƐŝŐŶĂů͕ƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ͕ƌĞƐĞŶĚ –EŽĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐƚŽŵĂŬĞ ͻŽŵŵŽŶƵƐĞ –ŽŽƐƚĐŽƉƉĞƌŽƌĮďĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ –ŽŶǀĞƌƚŽŶĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŵĞĚŝĂƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ –ǆƚĞŶĚǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĞĂĐŚ ŽŶǀĞƌƟŶŐŵĞĚŝĂ ͻK^/>ĂǇĞƌϭͲWŚǇƐŝĐĂůůĂǇĞƌƐŝŐŶĂůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ͻǆƚĞŶĚĂĐŽƉƉĞƌǁŝƌĞŽǀĞƌĂůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –ŽŶǀĞƌƚŝƚƚŽĮďĞƌ͕ĂŶĚďĂĐŬĂŐĂŝŶ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞĮďĞƌͲdŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŽŶůǇŚĂƐĐŽƉƉĞƌƉŽƌƚƐ ͻůŵŽƐƚĂůǁĂǇƐƉŽǁĞƌĞĚͲƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇĮďĞƌƚŽĐŽƉƉĞƌ Ϯ͘ϭͲĚǀĂŶĐĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĞǀŝĐĞƐ Layer 3 capable switch ͻƐǁŝƚĐŚ;>ĂǇĞƌϮͿĂŶĚƌŽƵƚĞƌ;>ĂǇĞƌϯͿŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ –>ĂǇĞƌϯƐǁŝƚĐŚ –>ĂǇĞƌϮƌŽƵƚĞƌ͍ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐƐƟůůŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂƚK^/>ĂǇĞƌϮ͕ƌŽƵƟŶŐƐƟůů ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂƚK^/>ĂǇĞƌϯ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŶĞǁŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĂůŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐŚĞƌĞ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Wireless networks everywhere ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝƐƉĞƌǀĂƐŝǀĞ –ŶĚǇŽƵƉƌŽďĂďůǇĚŽŶ͛ƚũƵƐƚŚĂǀĞĂƐŝŶŐůĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ ͻzŽƵƌĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐŵĂǇŶŽƚĞǀĞŶďĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ –KŶĞ;ŽƌŵŽƌĞͿĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƌĞŵŽƚĞƐŝƚĞ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐŵĂǇĐŚĂŶŐĞĂƚĂŶǇŵŽŵĞŶƚ –ĐĐĞƐƐƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕WĐŽŶĮŐƐ ͻdŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶǀŝƐŝďůĞƚŽǇŽƵƌƵƐĞƌƐ –^ĞĂŵůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨƌŽůĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϭͲĚǀĂŶĐĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĞǀŝĐĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Wireless LAN controllers ͻĞŶƚƌĂůŝǌĞĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –ƐŝŶŐůĞ͞ƉĂŶĞŽĨŐůĂƐƐ͟ ͻĞƉůŽǇŶĞǁĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶĚĚĞƉůŽǇĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŽĂůůƐŝƚĞƐ ͻZĞƉŽƌƚŽŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƵƐĞ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇƐǇƐƚĞŵ –tŝƌĞůĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌŝƐƉĂŝƌĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ Balancing the load ͻŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŚĞůŽĂĚ –DƵůƟƉůĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ŝŶǀŝƐŝďůĞƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚͲƵƐĞƌ ͻ>ĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ –tĞďƐĞƌǀĞƌĨĂƌŵƐ͕ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞĨĂƌŵƐ ͻ&ĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ –^ĞƌǀĞƌŽƵƚĂŐĞƐŚĂǀĞŶŽĞīĞĐƚ͕ǀĞƌǇĨĂƐƚĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞ Load balancer ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĂďůĞůŽĂĚͲDĂŶĂŐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻdWŽŋŽĂĚͲWƌŽƚŽĐŽůŽǀĞƌŚĞĂĚ ͻ^^>ŽŋŽĂĚͲŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶͬĞĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ͻĂĐŚŝŶŐͲ&ĂƐƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ͻWƌŝŽƌŝƟǌĂƟŽŶͲYŽ^ ͻŽŶƚĞŶƚƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐͲƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶͲĐĞŶƚƌŝĐďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ IDS and IPS ͻ/ŶƚƌƵƐŝŽŶĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵͬ /ŶƚƌƵƐŝŽŶWƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵ –tĂƚĐŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌĂĸĐ ͻ/ŶƚƌƵƐŝŽŶƐ –ǆƉůŽŝƚƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –ƵīĞƌŽǀĞƌŇŽǁƐ͕ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐŝƚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŶŐ͕ŽƚŚĞƌ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ͻĞƚĞĐƟŽŶǀƐ͘WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ –ĞƚĞĐƟŽŶʹůĂƌŵŽƌĂůĞƌƚ –WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶʹ^ƚŽƉŝƚďĞĨŽƌĞŝƚŐĞƚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ Proxies ͻ^ŝƚƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻZĞĐĞŝǀĞƐƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐĂŶĚƐĞŶĚƐƚŚĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ ŽŶƚŚĞŝƌďĞŚĂůĨ;ƚŚĞƉƌŽǆǇͿ ͻhƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌĐĂĐŚŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ĂĐĐĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ hZ>ĮůƚĞƌŝŶŐ͕ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚƐĐĂŶŶŝŶŐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŵĂǇŶĞĞĚƚŽŬŶŽǁŚŽǁƚŽ ƵƐĞƚŚĞƉƌŽǆǇ;ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚͿ ͻ^ŽŵĞƉƌŽǆŝĞƐĂƌĞŝŶǀŝƐŝďůĞ;ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶƚͿ ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽǆŝĞƐ ͻDŽƐƚƉƌŽǆŝĞƐŝŶƵƐĞĂƌĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽǆŝĞƐ –dŚĞƉƌŽǆǇƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐƚŚĞǁĂǇƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬƐ ͻƉƌŽǆǇŵĂǇŽŶůǇŬŶŽǁŽŶĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘,ddW ͻDĂŶǇƉƌŽǆŝĞƐĂƌĞŵƵůƟƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƉƌŽǆŝĞƐ –,ddW͕,ddW^͕&dW͕ĞƚĐ͘ VPN concentrator ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůWƌŝǀĂƚĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ;ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞͿĚĂƚĂƚƌĂǀĞƌƐŝŶŐĂƉƵďůŝĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŽƌ –ŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶͬĚĞĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĂĐĐĞƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞ –KŌĞŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂĮƌĞǁĂůů ͻDĂŶǇĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ –^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŌǁĂƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚŽƉƟŽŶƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻhƐĞĚǁŝƚŚĐůŝĞŶƚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞK^ VoIP technologies ͻWy;WƌŝǀĂƚĞƌĂŶĐŚǆĐŚĂŶŐĞͿ –dŚĞ͞ƉŚŽŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ͟ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŽƉŚŽŶĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶĂůŽŐƚĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞůŝŶĞƐƚŽĞĂĐŚĚĞƐŬ ͻsŽ/WWy –/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞsŽ/WĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚĂĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƉŚŽŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ ͻsŽ/W'ĂƚĞǁĂǇ –ŽŶǀĞƌƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶsŽ/WƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůW^dEƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –KŌĞŶďƵŝůƚͲŝŶƚŽƚŚĞsŽ/WWy Network-based Firewalls ͻ&ŝůƚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐďǇƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻŶĐƌǇƉƚƚƌĂĸĐͲsWEďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐŝƚĞƐ ͻDŽƐƚĮƌĞǁĂůůƐĐĂŶďĞůĂǇĞƌϯĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ;ƌŽƵƚĞƌƐͿ –KŌĞŶƐŝƚƐŽŶƚŚĞŝŶŐƌĞƐƐͬĞŐƌĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĚƌĞƐƐdƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ;EdͿ͕ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐ Ϯ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ VoIP phone ͻsŽŝĐĞŽǀĞƌ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –/ŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨĂŶĂůŽŐƉŚŽŶĞůŝŶĞŽƌƚŚĞ –WůĂŝŶKůĚdĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;WKd^Ϳ ͻƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇĐŽŵƉůĞǆĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚƐǇƐƚĞŵ –ĂŶďĞĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ͻĂĐŚĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐĂĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ –^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞďŽŽƚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĂŶĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –/ŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƟĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Printer ͻŽůŽƌĂŶĚΘtŽƵƚƉƵƚ –WĂƉĞƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƉŚŽƚŽƐ ͻůůͲŝŶͲŽŶĞͲ/K –WƌŝŶƚĞƌ͕ƐĐĂŶŶĞƌ͕ĐŽƉŝĞƌ͕ĨĂǆ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ –h^ –ůƵĞƚŽŽƚŚͬ/ŶĨƌĂƌĞĚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Access control devices ͻĂƌĚƌĞĂĚĞƌ –ĐĐĞƐƐǁŝƚŚĂƐŵĂƌƚĐĂƌĚ ͻŝŽŵĞƚƌŝĐĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –&ŝŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚ͕ƌĞƟŶĂ͕ǀŽŝĐĞƉƌŝŶƚ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇƐƚŽƌĞƐĂŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨǇŽƵƌďŝŽŵĞƚƌŝĐ –zŽƵƌĂĐƚƵĂůĮŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚŝƐŶ͛ƚƵƐƵĂůůǇƐĂǀĞĚ ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƐƚĂƟĐŽƌ,W Cameras ͻds;ůŽƐĞĚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶͿ –ĂŶƌĞƉůĂĐĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŐƵĂƌĚƐ ͻĂŵĞƌĂƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ –&ŽĐĂůůĞŶŐƚŚͲ^ŚŽƌƚĞƌŝƐǁŝĚĞƌĂŶŐůĞ –ĞƉƚŚŽĨĮĞůĚͲ,ŽǁŵƵĐŚŝƐŝŶĨŽĐƵƐ –/ůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐͲ^ĞĞŝŶƚŚĞĚĂƌŬ ͻKŌĞŶŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ Surveillance systems ͻsŝĚĞŽͬĂƵĚŝŽƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ –ŵďĞĚĚĞĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐŝŶƚŚĞĐĂŵĞƌĂƐĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĂďůĞ –DƵůƟĐĂƐƚǀŝĚĞŽ –,ŝŐŚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶ HVAC ͻ,ĞĂƟŶŐ͕sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŝƌŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐ –dŚĞƌŵŽĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƐ͕ŇƵŝĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐ͕ĂŶĚŚĞĂƚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻĐŽŵƉůĞǆƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ –EŽƚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĐĂŶƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇĚĞƐŝŐŶǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ –DƵƐƚďĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĮƌĞƐǇƐƚĞŵ ͻWŵĂŶĂŐĞƐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ –DĂŬĞƐĐŽŽůŝŶŐĂŶĚŚĞĂƟŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĨŽƌǁŽƌŬƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌƐ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů IoT (Internet of Things) devices ͻƉƉůŝĂŶĐĞƐͲZĞĨƌŝŐĞƌĂƚŽƌƐ ͻ^ŵĂƌƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –^ŵĂƌƚƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽǀŽŝĐĞĐŽŵŵĂŶĚƐ ͻŝƌĐŽŶƚƌŽůͲdŚĞƌŵŽƐƚĂƚƐ͕ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞĐŽŶƚƌŽů ͻĐĐĞƐƐͲ^ŵĂƌƚĚŽŽƌďĞůůƐ ͻDĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –>ŝŵŝƚĂŶǇƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇďƌĞĂĐŚĞƐ SCADA / ICS ͻ^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌǇŽŶƚƌŽůĂŶĚĂƚĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵ –>ĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ͕ŵƵůƟͲƐŝƚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŽŶƚƌŽů^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ;/^Ϳ ͻWŵĂŶĂŐĞƐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ –WŽǁĞƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƌĞĮŶŝŶŐ͕ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ –&ĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů͕ĞŶĞƌŐǇ͕ůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ ͻŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –ZĞĂůͲƟŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –^ǇƐƚĞŵĐŽŶƚƌŽů ͻZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ –EŽĂĐĐĞƐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ Ϯ͘ϮͲǇŶĂŵŝĐZŽƵƟŶŐ ǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ>ŝƐƚĞŶĨŽƌƐƵďŶĞƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –^ĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƌŽƵƚĞƌƚŽƌŽƵƚĞƌ ͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƵďŶĞƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –dĞůůŽƚŚĞƌƌŽƵƚĞƌƐǁŚĂƚǇŽƵŬŶŽǁ ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚƉĂƚŚďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶƚŚĞŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –ǀĞƌǇƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶǁĂǇŽĨĚŽŝŶŐƚŚŝƐ ͻtŚĞŶŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŽĐĐƵƌ͕ ƵƉĚĂƚĞƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƌŽƵƚĞƐ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů tŚŝĐŚƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƚŽƵƐĞ͍ ͻtŚĂƚĞǆĂĐƚůǇŝƐĂƌŽƵƚĞ͍ –/ƐŝƚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞůŝŶŬ͍ –/ƐŝƚďĂƐĞĚŽŶŚŽǁĨĂƌĂǁĂǇŝƚŝƐ͍ ͻ,ŽǁĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚƉĂƚŚ͍ –^ŽŵĞĨŽƌŵƵůĂŝƐĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞĂŵĞƚƌŝĐ –ZĂŶŬƚŚĞƌŽƵƚĞƐĨƌŽŵďĞƐƚƚŽǁŽƌƐƚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻZĞĐŽǀĞƌĂŌĞƌĂĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞƟŵĞĐĂŶǀĂƌǇǁŝĚĞůǇ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƌƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů͍ –K^W&ĂŶĚZ/WĂƌĞƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕ ƐŽŵĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨ/'ZWĂƌĞŝƐĐŽƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇ ŝƐƚĂŶĐĞͲǀĞĐƚŽƌƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƉĂƐƐĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƌŽƵƚĞƌƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ͻ,ŽǁŵĂŶǇ͞ŚŽƉƐ͟ĂǁĂǇŝƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͍ ͻdŚĞĚĞĐŝĚŝŶŐ͞ǀĞĐƚŽƌ͟ŝƐƚŚĞ͞ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͟ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐ ͻsĞƌǇůŝƩůĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻ'ŽŽĚĨŽƌƐŵĂůůĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻŽĞƐŶ͛ƚƐĐĂůĞǁĞůůƚŽǀĞƌǇůĂƌŐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻZ/W;ZŽƵƟŶŐ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ͕ /'ZW;ŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ/ŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ'ĂƚĞǁĂǇZŽƵƟŶŐWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϮͲǇŶĂŵŝĐZŽƵƟŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ >ŝŶŬͲƐƚĂƚĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƉĂƐƐĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƌŽƵƚĞƌƐŝƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –/Ĩŝƚ͛ƐƵƉ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶŐĞƚƚŚĞƌĞ͘ –/Ĩŝƚ͛ƐĚŽǁŶ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚ͘ ͻŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŚĞƐƉĞĞĚŽĨƚŚĞůŝŶŬ –&ĂƐƚĞƌŝƐĂůǁĂǇƐďĞƩĞƌ͕ƌŝŐŚƚ͍ ͻsĞƌǇƐĐĂůĂďůĞ –hƐĞĚŵŽƐƚŽŌĞŶŝŶůĂƌŐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻK^W&;KƉĞŶ^ŚŽƌƚĞƐƚWĂƚŚ&ŝƌƐƚͿ –>ĂƌŐĞ͕ƐĐĂůĂďůĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ,ǇďƌŝĚƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ͻůŝƩůĞůŝŶŬͲƐƚĂƚĞ͕ĂůŝƩůĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞͲǀĞĐƚŽƌ –EŽƚŵĂŶǇĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨĂŚǇďƌŝĚƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻ'W;ŽƌĚĞƌ'ĂƚĞǁĂǇWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐƌŽƵƚĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƉĂƚŚƐ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕Žƌ ĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƌƵůĞͲƐĞƚƐ Ϯ͘ϮͲZŽƵƟŶŐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ZŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞƐ ͻůŝƐƚŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌǇŽƵƌƉĂĐŬĞƚƐ –ƚĂďůĞǁŝƚŚŵĂŶǇƌŽƵƚĞƐƚŽǇŽƵƌĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ –WĂĐŬĞƚƐƐƚŽƉĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƌŽƵƚĞƌĂŶĚĂƐŬĨŽƌĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻZŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞŝŶƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŶĞĞĚƐĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ The hop ͻŚŽƉ –ƉĂĐŬĞƚƉĂƐƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂƌŽƵƚĞƌ ͻdŚĞŶĞǆƚŚŽƉ –dŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ ͻƌŽƵƚĞƌĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŶĞĞĚƚŽŬŶŽǁŚŽǁƚŽŐĞƚĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ –/ƚũƵƐƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŬŶŽǁŚŽǁƚŽŐĞƚŽƵƚŽĨŚĞƌĞ –ĚĞĨĂƵůƚƌŽƵƚĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŶŽƚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůǇ ůŝƐƚĞĚ ͻ͞dŝŵĞƚŽůŝǀĞ͟ŝŶ/Wǀϰ͕͞ŚŽƉůŝŵŝƚ͟ŝŶ/Wǀϲ –ǀŽŝĚƐĂƉĂĐŬĞƚůŽŽƉŝŶŐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌ ŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŚŽƉ ͻǀĞƌǇƌŽƵƚĞƌŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŬŶŽǁǁŚĞƌĞƚƌĂĸĐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐĞŶƚ –zŽƵƌƉĂĐŬĞƚŝƐĂůǁĂǇƐĂƐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻƌŽƵƚĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŶĞǆƚŚŽƉǁŝůůƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶĂ ƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵ –ĂƚĂǁŝůůŐŽƚŚĞǁƌŽŶŐĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ –ƌŽƵƟŶŐůŽŽƉŝƐĞĂƐǇƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞ –zŽƵ͛ůůŬŶŽǁƋƵŝĐŬůǇŝĨƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂůŽŽƉ Default routes ͻƌŽƵƚĞǁŚĞŶŶŽŽƚŚĞƌƌŽƵƚĞŵĂƚĐŚĞƐ –dŚĞ͞ŐĂƚĞǁĂǇŽĨůĂƐƚƌĞƐŽƌƚ͟ ͻƌĞŵŽƚĞƐŝƚĞŵĂǇŚĂǀĞŽŶůǇŽŶĞƌŽƵƚĞ –'ŽƚŚĂƚǁĂǇͲхƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ –ĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶŽĨϬ͘Ϭ͘Ϭ͘ϬͬϬ ͻĂŶĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĂůůǇƐŝŵƉůŝĨǇƚŚĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –tŽƌŬƐŝŶĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌƌŽƵƟŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ZŽƵƟŶŐŵĞƚƌŝĐƐ ͻĂĐŚƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶǁĂǇŽĨĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞďĞƐƚƌŽƵƚĞ –ŝ͘Ğ͕͘Z/WǀϮ͕K^W&͕/'ZW ͻDĞƚƌŝĐǀĂůƵĞƐĂƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů –Z/WǀϮŵĞƚƌŝĐƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƵƐĞĨƵůƚŽK^W&Žƌ/'ZW ͻhƐĞŵĞƚƌŝĐƐƚŽĐŚŽŽƐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚůŝŶŬƐ –ŚŽŽƐĞƚŚĞůŽǁĞƐƚŵĞƚƌŝĐ͕ –ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ϭŝƐďĞƩĞƌƚŚĂŶϮ ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ͻtŚĂƚŝĨǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƚǁŽƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ͕ĂŶĚďŽƚŚŬŶŽǁ ĂďŽƵƚĂƌŽƵƚĞƚŽĂƐƵďŶĞƚ͍ –dǁŽƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ͕ƚǁŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŵĞƚƌŝĐĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ –zŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚĐŽŵƉĂƌĞŵĞƚƌŝĐƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –tŚŝĐŚŽŶĞĚŽǇŽƵĐŚŽŽƐĞ͍ ͻĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ –hƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƌŽƵƚĞƌƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞǁŚŝĐŚƌŽƵƟŶŐ ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůŚĂƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ĞƐŬƚŽƉ͕ůĂƉƚŽƉ͕sŽ/WƉŚŽŶĞ͕ŵŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –DŝƐƐŝŽŶĐƌŝƟĐĂůĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐǀŝĚĞŽ͕ ƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐĂƵĚŝŽ ͻŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƉƉƐŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ –sŽŝĐĞŝƐƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞ –ZĞĐŽƌĚĞĚƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐǀŝĚĞŽŚĂƐĂďƵīĞƌ –ĂƚĂďĂƐĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝƐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞ ͻ^ŽŵĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞ͞ŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͟ƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐ –sŽŝĐĞƚƌĂĸĐŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŚĂǀĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇŽǀĞƌzŽƵdƵďĞ dƌĂĸĐƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ ͻdƌĂĸĐƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ͕ƉĂĐŬĞƚƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůďǇďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚƵƐĂŐĞŽƌĚĂƚĂƌĂƚĞƐ ͻ^ĞƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƚŽŚĂǀĞŚŝŐŚĞƌƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐƚŚĂŶ ŽƚŚĞƌĂƉƉƐ ͻDĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞYƵĂůŝƚǇŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;YŽ^Ϳ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕YŽ^ĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ Field Bytes Descrip.on Preamble 7 56 alterna.ng ones and zeros used for synchroniza.on (101010…) SFD 1 Start Frame Delimiter - designates the end of the preamble (10101011) Des.na.on MAC Address 6 Ethernet MAC address of the des.na.on device Source MAC Address 6 Ethernet MAC address of the source device EtherType 2 Describes the data contained the payload Payload 46 - 1500 Layer 3 and higher data FCS 4 Frame Check Sequence - CRC checksum of the frame Preamble SFD Des,na,on MAC The MAC address ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚDĞĚŝĂĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –dŚĞ͞ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů͟ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĂƉƚĞƌ –hŶŝƋƵĞƚŽĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻϰϴďŝƚƐͬϲďǇƚĞƐůŽŶŐ –ŝƐƉůĂǇĞĚŝŶŚĞǆĂĚĞĐŝŵĂů Duplex ͻ,ĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆ –ĚĞǀŝĐĞĐĂŶŶŽƚƐĞŶĚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůǇ –ůů>EŚƵďƐĂƌĞŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –^ǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐĐĂŶďĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚĂƐŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆ͕ ďƵƚƵƐƵĂůůǇŽŶůǇǁŚĞŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŽ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻ&ƵůůͲĚƵƉůĞǆ –ĂƚĂĐĂŶďĞƐĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ –ƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ ǁŝůůďĞƐĞƚƚŽĨƵůůͲĚƵƉůĞǆ Source MAC Type Payload FCS CSMA/CD ͻ^ͲĂƌƌŝĞƌ^ĞŶƐĞ –/ƐƚŚĞƌĞĂĐĂƌƌŝĞƌ͍/ƐĂŶǇŽŶĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ͍ ͻDͲDƵůƟƉůĞĐĐĞƐƐ –DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŽŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻͲŽůůŝƐŝŽŶĞƚĞĐƚ –ŽůůŝƐŝŽŶͲdǁŽƐƚĂƟŽŶƐƚĂůŬŝŶŐĂƚŽŶĐĞ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇǁŚĞŶĚĂƚĂŐĞƚƐŐĂƌďůĞĚ ͻ,ĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆƚŚĞƌŶĞƚͲŶŽƚƵƐĞĚĂŶǇůŽŶŐĞƌ ^DͬŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ͻ>ŝƐƚĞŶĨŽƌĂŶŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ –ŽŶ͛ƚƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚŝĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŝƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇďƵƐǇ ͻ^ĞŶĚĂĨƌĂŵĞŽĨĚĂƚĂ –zŽƵƐĞŶĚĚĂƚĂǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌǇŽƵĐĂŶ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽƋƵĞƵĞŽƌƉƌŝŽƌŝƟǌĂƟŽŶ ͻ/ĨĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚĂũĂŵƐŝŐŶĂůƚŽůĞƚĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŬŶŽǁ ĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶŚĂƐŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ –tĂŝƚĂƌĂŶĚŽŵĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨƟŵĞ͕ƚŚĞŶƌĞƚƌǇ Ϯ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ^ǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ The Switch ͻ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚŽƌĚƌŽƉĨƌĂŵĞƐ –ĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƵƉĚĂƟŶŐůŝƐƚŽĨDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ƵŝůĚƐƚŚĞůŝƐƚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ DĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐƚƌĂĸĐ ͻDĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂůŽŽƉͲĨƌĞĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ –hƐŝŶŐ^ƉĂŶŶŝŶŐdƌĞĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů;^dWͿ Learning the MACs ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĞǆĂŵŝŶĞŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐƚƌĂĸĐ –DĂŬĞƐĂŶŽƚĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻĚĚƐƵŶŬŶŽǁŶDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚĂďůĞ –^ĞƚƐƚŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƚŽƚŚĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ Flooding for unknown Macs ͻdŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚĂůǁĂǇƐŚĂǀĞĂDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƚĂďůĞ ͻtŚĞŶŝŶĚŽƵďƚ͕ƐĞŶĚƚŚĞĨƌĂŵĞƚŽĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ĚĚƌĞƐƐZĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĂDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –zŽƵŶĞĞĚƚŚĞŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ ¥ arp -a –sŝĞǁůŽĐĂůZWƚĂďůĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ^ǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐKǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) ͻEŽďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐ͊ –KƉĞƌĂƚĞƐƵƐŝŶŐŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚǁŝƚŚ/DWǀϲ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌDŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ –ZĞƉůĂĐĞƐƚŚĞ/WǀϰZW ͻ^>;^ƚĂƚĞůĞƐƐĚĚƌĞƐƐƵƚŽĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶͿ –ƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻ;ƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƚĞĐƟŽŶͿ –EŽĚƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞ/WƐ͊ ͻŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ –ZŽƵƚĞƌ^ŽůŝĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ;Z^ͿĂŶĚZŽƵƚĞƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;ZͿ Howdy, neighbor ͻdŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽZWŝŶ/Wǀϲ –^ŽŚŽǁĚŽǇŽƵĮŶĚŽƵƚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌ^ŽůŝĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ;E^Ϳ –^ĞŶƚĂƐĂŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚ ͻEĞŝŐŚďŽƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;EͿ Power over Ethernet (PoE) ͻWŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŽŶĂŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĐĂďůĞ –KŶĞǁŝƌĞĨŽƌďŽƚŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚǇ –WŚŽŶĞƐ͕ĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ͕ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –hƐĞĨƵůŝŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚͲƚŽͲƉŽǁĞƌĂƌĞĂƐ ͻWŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ƵŝůƚͲŝŶƉŽǁĞƌͲŶĚƐƉĂŶƐ –/ŶͲůŝŶĞƉŽǁĞƌŝŶũĞĐƚŽƌͲDŝĚƐƉĂŶƐ ͻWŽǁĞƌŵŽĚĞƐ –DŽĚĞͲWŽǁĞƌŽŶƚŚĞĚĂƚĂƉĂŝƌƐ –DŽĚĞͲWŽǁĞƌŽŶƚŚĞƐƉĂƌĞƉĂŝƌƐ PoE and POE+ ͻWŽ͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯĂĨͲϮϬϬϯ –dŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůWŽƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ –EŽǁƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϯƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –ϭϱ͘ϰǁĂƩƐƉŽǁĞƌ –DĂǆŝŵƵŵĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŽĨϯϱϬŵ ͻWKн͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯĂƚͲϮϬϬϵ –ŶƵƉĚĂƚĞĚWŽƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ –EŽǁĂůƐŽƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϯƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –Ϯϱ͘ϱǁĂƩƐƉŽǁĞƌ –DĂǆŝŵƵŵĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŽĨϲϬϬŵ Ϯ͘ϯͲs>EƐĂŶĚdƌƵŶŬŝŶŐ LANs ͻ>ŽĐĂůƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶ Virtual LANs ͻsŝƌƚƵĂů>ŽĐĂůƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶ –^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇ Broadcast Domain VLAN 1: Gate room VLAN 2: Dialing room VLAN 3: Infirmary Broadcast Domain F0/1 F0/2 © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) F0/9 F0/10 F0/17 F0/18 ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϯͲs>EƐĂŶĚdƌƵŶŬŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 802.1Q trunking ͻdĂŬĞĂŶŽƌŵĂůƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĨƌĂŵĞ Preamble SFD Des,na,on MAC Source MAC Type Payload FCS VLAN 100 ͻĚĚĂs>EŚĞĂĚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞĨƌĂŵĞ Preamble SFD Des,na,on MAC Source MAC VLAN 200 VLAN Type Payload FCS ͻs>E/ƐͲϭϮďŝƚƐůŽŶŐ͕ϰ͕Ϭϵϰs>EƐ –͞EŽƌŵĂůƌĂŶŐĞ͟ͲϭƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭϬϬϱ͕ ͞ǆƚĞŶĚĞĚƌĂŶŐĞ͟ͲϭϬϬϲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϰϬϵϰ –ϬĂŶĚϰ͕ϬϵϱĂƌĞƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚs>EŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ͻĞĨŽƌĞϴϬϮ͘ϭY͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐ/^>;/ŶƚĞƌͲ^ǁŝƚĐŚ>ŝŶŬͿ –/^>ŝƐŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌƵƐĞĚ͖ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŶŽǁƵƐĞƐƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϭYƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ Ethernet Switch 802.1Q Trunk 802.1Q Trunk VLAN 100 VLAN 200 :ƵƐƚŽŶĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ͘͘͘ ͻsŽŝĐĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĂĚŽŶ͛ƚůŝŬĞĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –sŽŝĐĞŝƐǀĞƌǇƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞƚŽĐŽŶŐĞƐƟŽŶ –ĂƚĂůŽǀĞƐƚŽĐŽŶŐĞƐƚƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻWƵƚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŽŶŽŶĞs>EĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŚŽŶĞŽŶĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ –ƵƚƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŝƐŶŽƚĂƚƌƵŶŬ –,ŽǁĚŽĞƐƚŚĂƚǁŽƌŬ͍ ͻĂĐŚƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŚĂƐĂĚĂƚĂs>EĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĐĞs>E –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞŵƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůǇ Working with data and voice ͻKůĚƐĐŚŽŽů͗ŽŶŶĞĐƚĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ͕ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƉŚŽŶĞƚŽWy;WƌŝǀĂƚĞƌĂŶĐŚǆĐŚĂŶŐĞͿ –dǁŽƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĐĂďůĞƐ͕ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ͻEŽǁ͗sŽŝĐĞŽǀĞƌ/W;sŽ/WͿ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞƌŶĞƚƐǁŝƚĐŚ –KŶĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĂďůĞĨŽƌďŽƚŚ ŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐǀŽŝĐĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĂs>EƐ ͻĂƚĂƉĂƐƐĞƐĂƐĂŶŽƌŵĂůƵŶƚĂŐŐĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐs>E ͻsŽŝĐĞŝƐƚĂŐŐĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶϴϬϮ͘ϭYŚĞĂĚĞƌ Ethernet Switch VLAN 200 VLAN 100 Ϯ͘ϯͲ^ƉĂŶŶŝŶŐdƌĞĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů >ŽŽƉƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚƚǁŽƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –dŚĞǇ͛ůůƐĞŶĚƚƌĂĸĐďĂĐŬĂŶĚĨŽƌƚŚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽ͞ĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ͟ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵĂƚƚŚĞDůĂǇĞƌ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐĂŶĞĂƐǇǁĂǇƚŽďƌŝŶŐĚŽǁŶĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶĚƐŽŵĞǁŚĂƚĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƚ –ZĞůĂƟǀĞůǇĞĂƐǇƚŽƌĞƐŽůǀĞ ͻ/ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚϴϬϮ͘ϭƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚůŽŽƉƐ ŝŶďƌŝĚŐĞĚ;ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞĚͿŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;ϭϵϵϬͿ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC STP port states ͻůŽĐŬŝŶŐͲEŽƚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂůŽŽƉ ͻ>ŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐͲEŽƚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŚĞDƚĂďůĞ ͻ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͲEŽƚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂĚĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞDƚĂďůĞ ͻ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐͲĂƚĂƉĂƐƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚŝƐĨƵůůǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ͻŝƐĂďůĞĚͲĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌŚĂƐƚƵƌŶĞĚŽīƚŚĞƉŽƌƚ Z^dW;ϴϬϮ͘ϭǁͿ ͻZĂƉŝĚ^ƉĂŶŶŝŶŐdƌĞĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů;ϴϬϮ͘ϭǁͿ –ŵƵĐŚͲŶĞĞĚĞĚƵƉĚĂƚĞĚŽĨ^dW –dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ͻ&ĂƐƚĞƌĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶĐĞͲ&ƌŽŵϯϬƚŽϱϬƐĞĐŽŶĚƐƚŽϲƐĞĐŽŶĚƐ ͻĂĐŬǁĂƌĚƐͲĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞǁŝƚŚϴϬϮ͘ϭ^dW –zŽƵĐĂŶŵŝǆďŽƚŚŝŶǇŽƵƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻsĞƌǇƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉƌŽĐĞƐƐͲŶƵƉĚĂƚĞ͕ŶŽƚĂǁŚŽůĞƐĂůĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƐŝĐ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ƉĞĞĚĂŶĚĚƵƉůĞǆ –^ƉĞĞĚ͗ϭϬͬϭϬϬͬϭ͕ϬϬϬͬϭϬ'ŝŐ –ƵƉůĞǆ͗,ĂůĨͬ&Ƶůů –ƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂŶĚŵĂŶƵĂů –EĞĞĚƐƚŽŵĂƚĐŚŽŶďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ –>ĂǇĞƌϯŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ͕s>EŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ –DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬͬ/ZďůŽĐŬ͕ ĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕E^;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ VLANs ͻs>EĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ –ĂĐŚĚĞǀŝĐĞƉŽƌƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚĂs>E ͻdƌƵŶŬŝŶŐ –ŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ –DƵůƟƉůĞs>EƐŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞůŝŶŬ ͻdĂŐŐĞĚĂŶĚƵŶƚĂŐŐĞĚs>EƐ –ŶŽŶͲƚĂŐŐĞĚĨƌĂŵĞŝƐŽŶƚŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚs>E ͻůƐŽĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞŶĂƟǀĞs>E –dƌƵŶŬƉŽƌƚƐǁŝůůƚĂŐƚŚĞŽƵƚŐŽŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞƐ ͻŶĚƌĞŵŽǀĞƚŚĞƚĂŐŽŶŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞƐ LAG and mirroring ͻWŽƌƚďŽŶĚŝŶŐͬ>ŝŶŬĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ;>'Ϳ –DƵůƟƉůĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐĂĐƚƐůŝŬĞŽŶĞďŝŐŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –>W;>ŝŶŬŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –ĚĚƐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂƵƚŽŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ͻWŽƌƚŵŝƌƌŽƌŝŶŐ –ŽƉǇƚƌĂĸĐĨƌŽŵŽŶĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –hƐĞĚĨŽƌƉĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐ͕/^ –DŝƌƌŽƌƚƌĂĸĐŽŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ –DŝƌƌŽƌƚƌĂĸĐĨƌŽŵŽŶĞƐǁŝƚĐŚƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ͻǆĂŵŝŶĞĂĐŽƉǇŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐ –WŽƌƚŵŝƌƌŽƌ;^WEͿ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚĂƉ ͻEŽǁĂǇƚŽďůŽĐŬ;ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚͿƚƌĂĸĐ :ƵŵďŽĨƌĂŵĞƐ ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĨƌĂŵĞƐǁŝƚŚŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶϭ͕ϱϬϬďǇƚĞƐŽĨƉĂǇůŽĂĚ –hƉƚŽϵ͕ϮϭϲďǇƚĞƐ;ϵ͕ϬϬϬŝƐƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚŶŽƌŵͿ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ –WĞƌͲƉĂĐŬĞƚƐŝǌĞ –&ĞǁĞƌƉĂĐŬĞƚƐƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚͬƌŽƵƚĞ ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŵƵƐƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚũƵŵďŽĨƌĂŵĞƐ –^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĐĂƌĚƐ –EŽƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŇŽǁĐŽŶƚƌŽů ͻƚŚĞƌŶĞƚŝƐŶŽŶͲĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝƐƟĐ –zŽƵŶĞǀĞƌŬŶŽǁũƵƐƚŚŽǁĨĂƐƚŽƌƐůŽǁƚƌĂĸĐǁŝůůŇŽǁ ͻ/ĨƚŚŝŶŐƐŐĞƚďƵƐǇ͕ƚĞůůƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĚĞǀŝĐĞƚŽƐůŽǁĚŽǁŶ –^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐŽŶůǇŚĂǀĞƐŽŵƵĐŚďƵīĞƌ ͻKŶĞƉŽƉƵůĂƌŇŽǁĐŽŶƚƌŽůŵĞƚŚŽĚŝƐ/ϴϬϮ͘ϯǆ –dŚĞ͞ƉĂƵƐĞ͟ĨƌĂŵĞ ͻŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŵĂĚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ –/ŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƐŽ^;ůĂƐƐŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞͿ Port security ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƵƐĞƌƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŽĂƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞͲůĞƌƚŽƌĚŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞƉŽƌƚ ͻĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ǀĞŶŝĨĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞ ͻĂĐŚƉŽƌƚŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶĐŽŶĮŐͲhŶŝƋƵĞƌƵůĞƐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ WŽƌƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŵĂǆŝŵƵŵŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ŽŶĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –zŽƵĚĞĐŝĚĞŚŽǁŵĂŶǇŝƐƚŽŽŵĂŶǇ –zŽƵĐĂŶĂůƐŽĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ͻdŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƐƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –DĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻKŶĐĞǇŽƵĞǆĐĞĞĚƚŚĞŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ͕ƉŽƌƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂĐƟǀĂƚĞƐ –ĞĨĂƵůƚŝƐƚŽĚŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ Ϯ͘ϯͲ^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲdŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĂďůĞƐ Straight-through cables ͻWĂƚĐŚĐĂďůĞƐͲƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĐĂďůĞ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŽŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –tŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ Ethernet crossover cables ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚD/ƚŽD/ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚD/ͲyƚŽD/Ͳy ͻƵƚŽͲD/ͲyŝƐŽŶŵŽƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĚĞĐŝĚĞƐƚŽĐƌŽƐƐͲŽǀĞƌ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŽďǀŝŽƵƐůǇŶŽƚϱϲϴŽŶŽŶĞƐŝĚĞĂŶĚϱϲϴŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ –ϱϲϴĂŶĚϱϲϴĂƌĞĐĂďůŝŶŐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ –dŚĞd/ͲϱϲϴƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚĚĞĮŶĞƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ;ŽƌŽƚŚĞƌͿ ĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĐĂďůĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƌĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ͍ ͻtŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ –^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ͻZŽƵƚĞƌƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ –^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ ͻZŽƵƚĞƌƚŽƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ ͻtŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƚŽǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶ –ƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ ͻtŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶƚŽƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϯϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϯͲ^ƚƌĂŝŐŚƚͲdŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĚƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĂďůĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 1000BASE5T&Straight5through TIA/EIA&568B&Straight&Through&Cable 1 1 2 2 DA&+ 1 1 DB&+ DA&5 2 2 DB&5 DB&+ 3 3 DA&+ 3 3 DC&+ 4 4 DD&+ 4 4 DC&5 5 5 DD&5 6 5 DB&5 6 5 DA&5 DD&+ 7 7 DC&+ DD&5 8 8 DC&5 6 6 7 7 8 8 Media&Dependent&Interface&(MDI) Network(Interface(Card Media&Dependent Interface&Crossover&(MDI5X) Network(Switch 1000BASE3T&Crossover TIA/EIA&568B&Crossover&Cable 1 1 2 2 3 3 DA&+ 1 1 DA&+ DA&3 2 2 DA&3 DB&+ 3 3 DB&+ DC&+ 4 4 DC&+ 4 4 DC&3 5 5 DC&3 5 5 DB&3 6 6 DB&3 6 6 DD&+ 7 7 DD&+ 8 7 DD&3 8 7 DD&3 8 8 Media&Dependent&Interface&(MDI) Network(Interface(Card Media&Dependent&Interface&(MDI) Network(Interface(Card Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ Wireless Standards ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ;ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭͿ –DĂŶĂŐĞĚďǇƚŚĞ/>EͬDE ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ;/ϴϬϮͿ ͻDĂŶǇƵƉĚĂƚĞƐŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ ͻtŝͲ&ŝůůŝĂŶĐĞŚĂŶĚůĞƐŝŶƚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƚĞƐƟŶŐ 802.11a ͻKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ –KĐƚŽďĞƌϭϵϵϵ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞϱ',ǌƌĂŶŐĞ ͻϱϰŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ;DďŝƚͬƐͿ ͻ^ŵĂůůĞƌƌĂŶŐĞƚŚĂŶϴϬϮ͘ϭϭď –,ŝŐŚĞƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇŝƐĂďƐŽƌďĞĚďǇŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞǁĂǇ –DĂŶǇƌƵůĞƐͲŽĨͲƚŚƵŵďĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞϭͬϯƌĚ ƚŚĞƌĂŶŐĞŽĨϴϬϮ͘ϭϭďŽƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŐ ͻEŽƚĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇƐĞĞŶƚŽĚĂǇ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC 802.11b ͻůƐŽĂŶŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůϴϬϮ͘ϭϭƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –KĐƚŽďĞƌϭϵϵϵ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞϮ͘ϰ',ǌƌĂŶŐĞ ͻϭϭŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ;DďŝƚͬƐͿ ͻĞƩĞƌƌĂŶŐĞƚŚĂŶϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂ –>ĞƐƐĂďƐŽƌƉƟŽŶƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ͻDŽƌĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ –ĂďǇŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƐ͕ĐŽƌĚůĞƐƐƉŚŽŶĞƐ͕ ŵŝĐƌŽǁĂǀĞŽǀĞŶƐ͕ůƵĞƚŽŽƚŚ ͻEŽƚĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇƐĞĞŶƚŽĚĂǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 802.11g ͻŶ͞ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞ͟ƚŽϴϬϮ͘ϭϭďͲ:ƵŶĞϮϬϬϯ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞϮ͘ϰ',ǌƌĂŶŐĞ ͻϱϰŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ;DďŝƚͬƐͿ –^ĂŵĞĂƐϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂ ͻĂĐŬǁĂƌĚƐͲĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞǁŝƚŚϴϬϮ͘ϭϭď ͻ^ĂŵĞϮ͘ϰ',ǌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĂƐϴϬϮ͘ϭϭď 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) ͻdŚĞƵƉĚĂƚĞƚŽϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŐ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭď͕ĂŶĚϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂ –KĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϬϵ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂƚϱ',ǌĂŶĚͬŽƌϮ͘ϰ',ǌ –ϰϬD,ǌĐŚĂŶŶĞůǁŝĚƚŚƐ ͻϲϬϬŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ;DďŝƚͬƐͿ –ϰϬD,ǌŵŽĚĞĂŶĚϰĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶƵƐĞƐD/DK –DƵůƟƉůĞͲŝŶƉƵƚŵƵůƟƉůĞͲŽƵƚƉƵƚ –DƵůƟƉůĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ 802.11 technologies ͻ&ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇ –Ϯ͘ϰ',ǌŽƌϱ',ǌ –ŶĚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐďŽƚŚ ͻŚĂŶŶĞůƐ –'ƌŽƵƉƐŽĨĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ŶƵŵďĞƌĞĚďǇƚŚĞ/ –EŽŶͲŽǀĞƌůĂƉƉŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐǁŽƵůĚďĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ ͻĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ –ŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇŝŶƵƐĞ –ϮϬD,ǌ͕ϰϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬD,ǌ͕ϭϲϬD,ǌ 802.11 channel bandwidths ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂ;ϮϬD,ǌͿ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭď;ϮϮD,ǌͿ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŐ;ϮϬD,ǌͿ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) ͻƉƉƌŽǀĞĚŝŶ:ĂŶƵĂƌǇϮϬϭϰ –^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŽǀĞƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞϱ',ǌďĂŶĚ –>ĞƐƐĐƌŽǁĚĞĚ͕ŵŽƌĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ ;ƵƉƚŽϭϲϬD,ǌĐŚĂŶŶĞůďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚͿ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĐŚĂŶŶĞůďŽŶĚŝŶŐͲ>ĂƌŐĞƌďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚƵƐĂŐĞ ͻĞŶƐĞƌƐŝŐŶĂůŝŶŐŵŽĚƵůĂƟŽŶͲ&ĂƐƚĞƌĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ ͻŝŐŚƚDhͲD/DKƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ –dǁŝĐĞĂƐŵĂŶǇƐƚƌĞĂŵƐĂƐϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶ –EĞĂƌůǇϳŐŝŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) ͻƉƉƌŽǀĞĚŝŶ&ĞďƌƵĂƌǇϮϬϮϭ –dŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽƌƚŽϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐͬtŝͲ&ŝϱ ͻKƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂƚϱ',ǌĂŶĚͬŽƌϮ͘ϰ',ǌ –ϮϬ͕ϰϬ͕ϴϬ͕ĂŶĚϭϲϬD,ǌĐŚĂŶŶĞůǁŝĚƚŚƐ ͻϭ͕ϮϬϭŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚƉĞƌĐŚĂŶŶĞů –ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇƐŵĂůůŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ –ŝŐŚƚďŝͲĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůDhͲD/DKƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ ͻKƌƚŚŽŐŽŶĂůĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇͲĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŵƵůƟƉůĞĂĐĐĞƐƐ;K&DͿ –tŽƌŬƐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĐĞůůƵůĂƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –/ŵƉƌŽǀĞƐŚŝŐŚͲĚĞŶƐŝƚǇŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶ;ϮϬD,ǌ͕ϰϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬD,ǌͿ –/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚǁŝƚŚďŽŶĚĞĚĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ –/ŶϮ͘ϰ',ǌ͕ĂϰϬD,ǌĐŚĂŶŶĞůƵƐĞƐ ŽǀĞƌϴϬйŽĨƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐ ;ϮϬD,ǌ͕ϰϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬнϴϬD,ǌ͕ϭϲϬD,ǌͿ –ϰϬD,ǌĨŽƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ϴϬD,ǌƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĨŽƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ –ϭϲϬD,ǌŽƉƟŽŶĂů;ĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ ŽƌŶŽŶͲĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐďŽŶĚĞĚĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐͿ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂǆ ;ϮϬD,ǌ͕ϰϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬD,ǌ͕ϴϬнϴϬD,ǌ͕ϭϲϬD,ǌͿ –^ŝŵŝůĂƌďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚƐƚŽϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ 2.4 GHz Spectrum for 802.11 - North America IEEE Channel # 1 6 11 20 MHz 2412 MHz 2482 MHz 5 GHz Spectrum for 802.11 - North America IEEE Channel # 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 149 153 157 161 165 169 173 177 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 5150 MHz UNII-1 5250 MHz UNII-2 5350 MHz UNII-2 5470 MHz Available channels New channels added in April 2014 Previously indoor channels, usable outdoors aFer April 2014 Frequencies not available for 802.11 Independent basic service set (IBSS) ͻdǁŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇƚŽĞĂĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌƵƐŝŶŐϴϬϮ͘ϭϭ –EŽĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻĚŚŽĐ –ƌĞĂƚĞĚĨŽƌĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉƵƌƉŽƐĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ĂŶǇƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ –tŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶW ͻdĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇŽƌůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĂĚĞǀŝĐĞǁŝƚŚĂŶĂĚŚŽĐĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĞŝƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐĞƫŶŐƐĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐ SSID and BSSID ͻǀĞƌǇǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŶĞĞĚƐĂŶĂŵĞ –^^/;^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ^Ğƚ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌͿ ͻdŚĞƌĞŵŝŐŚƚďĞŵƵůƟƉůĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐĂŶ^^/ –,ŽǁĚŽĞƐǇŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƚĞůůƚŚĞŵĂƉĂƌƚ͍ –dŚĞŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚŝƐĂ^^/ ;ĂƐŝĐ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ^Ğƚ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌͿ –dŚĞD;DĞĚŝĂĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůͿĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ Extending the network ͻDŽƐƚŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –dĞŶƐŽƌŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐ ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŶĂŵĞƐĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –DĂŬĞƐŝƚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽƌŽĂŵĨƌŽŵŽŶĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ͻdŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŶĂŵĞƐŚĂƌĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ŝƐĂŶ^^/;ǆƚĞŶĚĞĚ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ^Ğƚ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌͿ ͻzŽƵƌĚĞǀŝĐĞĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇƌŽĂŵƐǁŚĞŶŵŽǀŝŶŐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞƚŽŵĂŶƵĂůůǇƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC 5725 MHz UNII-3 5825 MHz 5925 MHz ŽƵŶƟŶŐĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻEĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞĂĚĚĞĚƚŽ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐ͕ĂŶĚϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂǆ –^ĞŶĚŵƵůƟƉůĞƐƚƌĞĂŵƐŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶͲD/DK;DƵůƟƉůĞͲ/ŶƉƵƚĂŶĚDƵůƟƉůĞͲKƵƚƉƵƚͿ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐͲŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵDhͲD/DK;DƵůƟͲƵƐĞƌD/DKͿ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂǆͲŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵĂŶĚƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵDhͲD/DK ͻEƵŵďĞƌŽĨĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ;ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŶ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂǆͿ –hƐĞĚƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ –;ŶƚĞŶŶĂƐŽŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚͿǆ;ĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐŽŶƚŚĞ ĐůŝĞŶƚͿ͗ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ –ϮǆϮ͗Ϯ͕ϯǆϯ͗Ϯ͕ϰǆϰ͗ϰ KŵŶŝĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞĚŽŶŵŽƐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůŝƐĞǀĞŶůǇĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŽŶĂůůƐŝĚĞƐ –KŵŶŝсĂůů ͻ'ŽŽĚĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽƌŵŽƐƚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ –zŽƵŶĞĞĚĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞŝŶĂůůĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻEŽĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĨŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů –ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂŶƚĞŶŶĂǁŝůůďĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻ&ŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů –/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ͻ^ĞŶĚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ –&ŽĐƵƐĞĚƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ ͻŶƚĞŶŶĂƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶĚ –ŽƵďůĞƉŽǁĞƌĞǀĞƌǇϯĚŽĨŐĂŝŶ ͻzĂŐŝĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –sĞƌǇĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŚŝŐŚŐĂŝŶ ͻWĂƌĂďŽůŝĐĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –&ŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂůƚŽĂƐŝŶŐůĞƉŽŝŶƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ Securing a wireless network ͻŶŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͛ƐǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĂŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –EŽƚĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŝƐĂůůŽǁĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐďĞĨŽƌĞŐƌĂŶƟŶŐĂĐĐĞƐƐ –tŚŽŐĞƚƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͍ –hƐĞƌŶĂŵĞ͕ƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚ͕ŵƵůƟͲĨĂĐƚŽƌĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚĂůůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŝƐĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂů –ŶĐƌǇƉƚƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĚĂƚĂ ͻsĞƌŝĨǇƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇŽĨĂůůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĚĂƚĂƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ƐĞŶƚĚĂƚĂ –ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇĐŚĞĐŬ;D/Ϳ WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) ͻϮϬϬϮ͗tWǁĂƐƚŚĞƌĞƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚĨŽƌƐĞƌŝŽƵƐ ĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐǁĞĂŬŶĞƐƐĞƐŝŶtW –;tŝƌĞĚƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚWƌŝǀĂĐǇͿ –ŽŶ͛ƚƵƐĞtW ͻEĞĞĚĞĚĂƐŚŽƌƚͲƚĞƌŵďƌŝĚŐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶtWĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǁŽƵůĚďĞƚŚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŽƌ –ZƵŶŽŶĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ͻtW͗ZϰǁŝƚŚd</W;dĞŵƉŽƌĂů<ĞǇ/ŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –/ŶŝƟĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶsĞĐƚŽƌ;/sͿŝƐůĂƌŐĞƌĂŶĚĂŶ ĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚŚĂƐŚ –ǀĞƌǇƉĂĐŬĞƚŐĞƚƐĂƵŶŝƋƵĞϭϮϴͲďŝƚĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶŬĞǇ tŝƌĞůĞƐƐĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ͻůůǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐĂƌĞƌĂĚŝŽƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞƌƐĂŶĚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƌƐͲŶǇŽŶĞĐĂŶůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶ ͻ^ŽůƵƟŽŶ͗ŶĐƌǇƉƚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŚĂƐĂŶĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶŬĞǇ ͻKŶůǇƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŬĞǇĐĂŶƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚĂŶĚůŝƐƚĞŶ –tWϮĂŶĚtWϯ WPA2 and CCMP ͻtŝͲ&ŝWƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚĐĐĞƐƐ//;tWϮͿ –tWϮĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶďĞŐĂŶŝŶϮϬϬϰ ͻDWďůŽĐŬĐŝƉŚĞƌŵŽĚĞ –ŽƵŶƚĞƌDŽĚĞǁŝƚŚŝƉŚĞƌůŽĐŬŚĂŝŶŝŶŐ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽĚĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů͕Žƌ –ŽƵŶƚĞƌͬͲDWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻDWƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ –ĂƚĂĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇǁŝƚŚ^ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞ/ŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇŚĞĐŬ;D/ͿǁŝƚŚͲD WPA3 and GCMP ͻtŝͲ&ŝWƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚĐĐĞƐƐϯ;tWϯͿ –/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶϮϬϭϴ ͻ'DWďůŽĐŬĐŝƉŚĞƌŵŽĚĞ –'ĂůŽŝƐͬŽƵŶƚĞƌDŽĚĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶƚŚĂŶtWϮ ͻ'DWƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐͲĂƚĂĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇǁŝƚŚ^ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞ/ŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇŚĞĐŬ;D/ͿǁŝƚŚ'ĂůŽŝƐDĞƐƐĂŐĞ ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽĚĞ;'DͿ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC The WPA2 PSK problem ͻtWϮŚĂƐĂW^<ďƌƵƚĞͲĨŽƌĐĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ –>ŝƐƚĞŶƚŽƚŚĞĨŽƵƌͲǁĂǇŚĂŶĚƐŚĂŬĞ –^ŽŵĞŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĐĂŶĚĞƌŝǀĞƚŚĞW^<ŚĂƐŚ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞŚĂŶĚƐŚĂŬĞ –ĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚĞŚĂƐŚ ͻtŝƚŚƚŚĞŚĂƐŚ͕ĂƩĂĐŬĞƌƐĐĂŶďƌƵƚĞĨŽƌĐĞƚŚĞ ƉƌĞͲƐŚĂƌĞĚŬĞǇ;W^<Ϳ ͻdŚŝƐŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĞĂƐŝĞƌĂƐƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƐ –ǁĞĂŬW^<ŝƐĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽďƌƵƚĞĨŽƌĐĞ –'WhƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐƐƉĞĞĚƐ –ůŽƵĚͲďĂƐĞĚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĐƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ͻKŶĐĞǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƚŚĞW^<͕ǇŽƵŚĂǀĞĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ͛Ɛ ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŬĞǇ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƐĞĐƌĞĐǇ SAE ͻtWϯĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŚĞW^<ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞƐŵƵƚƵĂůĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –ƌĞĂƚĞƐĂƐŚĂƌĞĚƐĞƐƐŝŽŶŬĞǇǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƐĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ ŬĞǇĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –EŽŵŽƌĞĨŽƵƌͲǁĂǇŚĂŶĚƐŚĂŬĞƐ͕ŶŽŚĂƐŚĞƐ͕ŶŽďƌƵƚĞ ĨŽƌĐĞĂƩĂĐŬƐ –ĚĚƐƉĞƌĨĞĐƚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƐĞĐƌĞĐǇ ͻ^ŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƋƵĂůƐ;^Ϳ –ŝĸĞͲ,ĞůůŵĂŶĚĞƌŝǀĞĚŬĞǇĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞǁŝƚŚĂŶ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞƵƐĞƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐĞƐƐŝŽŶŬĞǇ͕ĞǀĞŶǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞƐĂŵĞW^< –Ŷ/ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚͲƚŚĞĚƌĂŐŽŶŇǇŚĂŶĚƐŚĂŬĞ Wireless security modes ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƚŚĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽŶǇŽƵƌ ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚͬǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƌŽƵƚĞƌ ͻKƉĞŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵͲEŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻtWϮͬϯͲWĞƌƐŽŶĂůͬtWϮͬϯͲW^< –tWϮŽƌtWϯǁŝƚŚĂƉƌĞͲƐŚĂƌĞĚŬĞǇ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞƵƐĞƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞϮϱϲͲďŝƚŬĞǇ ͻtWϮͬϯͲŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞͬ tWϮͬϯͲϴϬϮ͘ϭy –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞƐƵƐĞƌƐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůǇǁŝƚŚĂŶ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘Z/h^Ϳ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 Ϯ͘ϰͲĞůůƵůĂƌ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ Cellular networks ͻDŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐͲ͞Ğůů͟ƉŚŽŶĞƐ ͻ^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůĂŶĚŝŶƚŽ͞ĐĞůůƐ͟ –ŶƚĞŶŶĂĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞƐĂĐĞůůǁŝƚŚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ ͻϮ'ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –'^DͲ'ůŽďĂů^ǇƐƚĞŵĨŽƌDŽďŝůĞŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –DͲŽĚĞŝǀŝƐŝŽŶDƵůƟƉůĞĐĐĞƐƐ ͻWŽŽƌĚĂƚĂƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ –KƌŝŐŝŶĂůůǇƵƐĞĚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚͲƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ –DŝŶŽƌƵƉŐƌĂĚĞƐĨŽƌƐŽŵĞƉĂĐŬĞƚͲƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶŐ GSM ͻ'ůŽďĂů^ǇƐƚĞŵĨŽƌDŽďŝůĞŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –DŽďŝůĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ͻϵϬйŽĨƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚ –KƌŝŐŝŶĂůůǇĂŶhƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚͲtŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ͻhƐĞĚďǇdΘdĂŶĚdͲDŽďŝůĞŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ –DŽǀĞǇŽƵƌ^/DĐĂƌĚ;^ƵďƐĐƌŝďĞƌ/ĚĞŶƟƚǇDŽĚƵůĞͿ ĨƌŽŵƉŚŽŶĞƚŽƉŚŽŶĞ ͻKƌŝŐŝŶĂů'^DƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƵƐĞĚŵƵůƟƉůĞǆŝŶŐ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŐĞƚƐĂůŝƩůĞƐůŝĐĞŽĨƟŵĞ CDMA ͻŽĚĞŝǀŝƐŝŽŶDƵůƟƉůĞĐĐĞƐƐ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ –ĂĐŚĐĂůůƵƐĞƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽĚĞ –dŚĞĐŽĚĞƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽĮůƚĞƌĞĂĐŚĐĂůůŽŶƚŚĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐƐŝĚĞ ͻhƐĞĚďǇsĞƌŝǌŽŶĂŶĚ^ƉƌŝŶƚ –,ĂŶĚƐĞƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚďǇƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ –EŽƚŵƵĐŚĂĚŽƉƟŽŶĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞ 3G technology ͻϯƌĚ'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ –/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶϭϵϵϴ ͻhƉŐƌĂĚĞĚĚĂƚĂĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇŽǀĞƌϮ' –/ŶĐƌĞŵĞŶƚĂůϯ'ƵƉĚĂƚĞƐŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚƐƉĞĞĚƐ –hƐƵĂůůǇƐĞǀĞƌĂůŵĞŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ ͻĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĂůůŽǁĞĚŶĞǁĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ –'W^͕ŵŽďŝůĞƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ǀŝĚĞŽŽŶĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕ ǀŝĚĞŽĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐŝŶŐ 4G and LTE ͻ>ŽŶŐdĞƌŵǀŽůƵƟŽŶ;>dͿͲ͞ϰ'͟ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ –ŽŶǀĞƌŐĞĚƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ;'^DĂŶĚDƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐͿ –ĂƐĞĚŽŶ'^DĂŶĚ ';ŶŚĂŶĐĞĚĂƚĂZĂƚĞƐĨŽƌ'^DǀŽůƵƟŽŶ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚƌĂƚĞƐŽĨϭϱϬDďŝƚͬƐ ͻ>dĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ;>dͲͿ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚƌĂƚĞƐŽĨϯϬϬDďŝƚͬƐ 5G ͻ&ŝŌŚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĐĞůůƵůĂƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –>ĂƵŶĐŚĞĚǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞŝŶϮϬϮϬ ͻ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ –ƚŚŝŐŚĞƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –ǀĞŶƚƵĂůůǇϭϬŐŝŐĂďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ –^ůŽǁĞƌƐƉĞĞĚƐĨƌŽŵϭϬϬͲϵϬϬDďŝƚͬƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ/ŽdŝŵƉĂĐƚ –ĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚďĞĐŽŵĞƐůĞƐƐŽĨĂĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚ –>ĂƌŐĞƌĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ –&ĂƐƚĞƌŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚŶŽƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ͻĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐůŽƵĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ϯ͘ϭͲWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞDĞƚƌŝĐƐ Device performance ͻdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ –/ŶƚĞƌŶĂůƐĞŶƐŽƌƐ͕ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŵĂŶǇ –ĂŶďĞĂŶĞĂƌůǇǁĂƌŶŝŶŐŽĨĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽƌ ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŝƐƐƵĞƐ ͻWhƵƐĂŐĞ –DĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽƌ;ƐͿ –KǀĞƌĂůůƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝƐƵƐƵĂůůǇďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞǀĂůƵĞƐ ͻDĞŵŽƌǇ –dŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ –ZƵŶŶŝŶŐŽƵƚŽĨŵĞŵŽƌǇŝƐƵƐƵĂůůǇĂĨĂƚĂůĞǀĞŶƚ Bandwidth monitors ͻdŚĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟƐƟĐ –ŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵƐĞŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐƚŽŐĂƚŚĞƌƚŚŝƐŵĞƚƌŝĐ –ÊDW͕EĞƚ&ůŽǁ͕Ɛ&ůŽǁ͕/W&/yƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ͕ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞĂŐĞŶƚ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŝƐƐƵĞƐ –EŽƚŚŝŶŐǁŽƌŬƐƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇŝĨďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚŝƐŚŝŐŚůǇƵƟůŝǌĞĚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Latency ͻĚĞůĂǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ –tĂŝƟŶŐƟŵĞ ͻ^ŽŵĞůĂƚĞŶĐǇŝƐĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚŶŽƌŵĂů –>ĂǁƐŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐƐĂƉƉůǇ ͻǆĂŵŝŶĞƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƟŵĞƐĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƐƚĞƉĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞǁĂǇ –dŚŝƐŵĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵƵůƟƉůĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƚŽŽůƐ ͻWĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐĐĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ –DŝĐƌŽƐĞĐŽŶĚŐƌĂŶƵůĂƌŝƚǇ –'ĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐĨƌŽŵďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐ :ŝƩĞƌ ͻDŽƐƚƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞŵĞĚŝĂŝƐƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞƚŽĚĞůĂǇ –ĂƚĂƐŚŽƵůĚĂƌƌŝǀĞĂƚƌĞŐƵůĂƌŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐ –sŽŝĐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ůŝǀĞǀŝĚĞŽ ͻ/ĨǇŽƵŵŝƐƐĂƉĂĐŬĞƚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽƌĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽƟŵĞƚŽ͞ƌĞǁŝŶĚ͟ǇŽƵƌƉŚŽŶĞĐĂůů ͻ:ŝƩĞƌŝƐƚŚĞƟŵĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĨƌĂŵĞƐ –ǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞũŝƩĞƌĐĂŶĐĂƵƐĞǇŽƵƚŽŵŝƐƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ ͞ĐŚŽƉƉǇ͟ǀŽŝĐĞĐĂůůƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϭͲWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞDĞƚƌŝĐƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Monitoring the interface ͻKŌĞŶǇŽƵƌĮƌƐƚƐŝŐŶŽĨƚƌŽƵďůĞ –dŚĞůŽĐĂůƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĂƌĞĞĂƐǇƚŽĂƩĂĐŬ ͻĂŶƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂďŝŐŐĞƌŝƐƐƵĞ –WƌŽďůĞŵǁŝƚŚĂƐǁŝƚĐŚŽƌĐŽŶŐĞƐƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻsŝĞǁŝŶƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵ –/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ͻDŽŶŝƚŽƌǁŝƚŚÊDW –ZĞŵŽƚĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐŽĨĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –DŽƐƚŵĞƚƌŝĐƐĂƌĞŝŶD/Ͳ// –WƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇD/ŵĂǇďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Interface monitoring ͻ>ŝŶŬƐƚĂƚƵƐͲůŝŶŬƵƉ͕ŽƌůŝŶŬĚŽǁŶ͍ –DĂǇďĞĂƉƌŽďůĞŵŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞĐĂďůĞ ͻƌƌŽƌƌĂƚĞ –WƌŽďůĞŵƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂůͲZĞƌƌŽƌ͕ƌƵŶƚ͕ŐŝĂŶƚ ͻhƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ –WĞƌͲŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵƐĂŐĞ –ZƵŶďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚƚĞƐƚƐƚŽǀŝĞǁƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ ͻŝƐĐĂƌĚƐ͕ƉĂĐŬĞƚĚƌŽƉƐ –EŽĞƌƌŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂĐŬĞƚ͕ďƵƚƐǇƐƚĞŵĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƌĞƐĞƚƐ –WĂĐŬĞƚƐĂƌĞƋƵĞƵĞĚ͕ďƵƚĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƐĞŶƚ –ŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶŝƐŐŽŽĚ͕ďƵƚůŝŶĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƚĂůŬŝŶŐ –ZĞƐĞƚĂŶĚŚŽƉĞĨŽƌƚŚĞďĞƐƚ ͻ^ƉĞĞĚĂŶĚĚƵƉůĞǆ –dŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƵůĚŵĂƚĐŚŽŶďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐ –ƵƚŽƐƉĞĞĚĂŶĚĂƵƚŽĚƵƉůĞǆŝƐŶ͛ƚĂůǁĂǇƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚŽƉƟŽŶ –ŚĞĐŬĨŽƌĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ ϯ͘ϭͲÊDW SNMP ͻ^ŝŵƉůĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞŽĨĚĂƚĂ;D/ͿͲ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂƐĞ –dŚĞĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐK/ƐͲKďũĞĐƚ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐ –WŽůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŽǀĞƌƵĚƉͬϭϲϭ ͻÊDWǀϭͲdŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů –^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚƚĂďůĞƐ͕ŝŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌ ͻÊDWǀϮʹŐŽŽĚƐƚĞƉĂŚĞĂĚ –ĂƚĂƚǇƉĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ďƵůŬƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ͕ ƐƟůůŝŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌ ͻÊDWǀϯͲdŚĞŶĞǁƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ SNMP OIDs ͻŶŽďũĞĐƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌĐĂŶďĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚďǇŶĂŵĞŽƌ ŶƵŵďĞƌ –͘ŝƐŽ;ϭͿ͘ŽƌŐ;ϯͿ͘ĚŽĚ;ϲͿ͘ŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ;ϭͿ͘ŵŐŵƚ;ϮͿ͘ŵŝďͲϮ;ϭͿ͘ ƐŶŵƉ;ϭϭͿ͘ƐŶŵƉKƵƚdƌĂƉƐ;ϮϵͿ͘Ϭ –͘ϭ͘ϯ͘ϲ͘ϭ͘Ϯ͘ϭ͘ϭϭ͘Ϯϵ͘Ϭ ͻǀĞƌǇǀĂƌŝĂďůĞŝŶƚŚĞD/ŚĂƐĂĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐK/ –^ŽŵĞĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶĂĐƌŽƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –^ŽŵĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌƐĚĞĮŶĞƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŽďũĞĐƚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐ ͻdŚĞÊDWŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶďĂƐĞĚŽŶK/ –ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC SNMP Traps ͻDŽƐƚÊDWŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƉŽůů –ĞǀŝĐĞƐƚŚĞŶƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚŚĞÊDWƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ –dŚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚƉŽůůŝŶŐ ͻÊDWƚƌĂƉƐĐĂŶďĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌĞĚĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐŽǀĞƌƵĚƉͬϭϲϮ ͻ^ĞƚĂƚŚƌĞƐŚŽůĚĨŽƌĂůĞƌƚƐ –/ĨƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨZĞƌƌŽƌƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐďǇϱ͕ƐĞŶĚĂƚƌĂƉ –DŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƐƚĂƟŽŶĐĂŶƌĞĂĐƚŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϭͲ>ŽŐƐĂŶĚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ dƌĂĸĐůŽŐƐ ͻsŝĞǁƚƌĂĸĐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐ –sŝĞǁƚƌĂĸĐƐƵŵŵĂƌŝĞƐ ͻĂŶďĞǀĞƌǇĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ –ǀĞƌǇŇŽǁĨƌŽŵĞǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –DŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕ƉŽƐƚͲĞǀĞŶƚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ Audit logs ͻtŚĂƚĚŝĚƚŚĞǇĚŽ͕ĂŶĚǁŚĞŶĚŝĚƚŚĞǇĚŽŝƚ͍ –KŌĞŶŵŽƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚŚĂŶŐĞŶĞƌĂůƚƌĂĸĐůŽŐƐ Syslog ͻ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞůŽŐŐŝŶŐ –ŝǀĞƌƐĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĂĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚůŽŐ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇĂĐĞŶƚƌĂůůŽŐŐŝŶŐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƌ –/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^/D ;^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǀĞŶƚDĂŶĂŐĞƌͿ ͻĂĐŚůŽŐĞŶƚƌǇŝƐůĂďĞůĞĚ –&ĂĐŝůŝƚǇĐŽĚĞ;ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƚŚĂƚĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŚĞůŽŐͿĂŶĚ ƐĞǀĞƌŝƚǇůĞǀĞů Severity levels ͻEŽƚĂůůĂůĞƌƚƐŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ –>ŽǁůĞǀĞůĚĞďƵŐĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –,ŝŐŚůĞǀĞůĐƌŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚĂůĞƌƚ ͻůĞƌƚƐĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚĂƐĂĮůƚĞƌ –KŶůǇƐŚŽǁtĂƌŶŝŶŐůĞǀĞůĂŶĚŚŝŐŚĞƌ ͻzŽƵĚĞĐŝĚĞƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĞĂĐŚĂůĞƌƚůĞǀĞů –/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂůŵĂǇŽƌŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞƵƐĞĨƵů Interface errors ͻZƵŶƚƐ –&ƌĂŵĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϲϰďǇƚĞƐ –DĂǇďĞĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶ ͻ'ŝĂŶƚƐͲ&ƌĂŵĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϱϭϴďǇƚĞƐ ͻZĞƌƌŽƌ –&ĂŝůĞĚƚŚĞ&ƌĂŵĞŚĞĐŬ^ĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ –DĂǇŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂďĂĚĐĂďůĞŽƌŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ ͻŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƟŽŶĞƌƌŽƌ –/ŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐͲ/^>ŽƌϴϬϮ͘ϭY Environmental sensors ͻdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞͲĞǀŝĐĞƐŶĞĞĚĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĐŽŽůŝŶŐ;^ŽĚŽŚƵŵĂŶƐͿ ͻ,ƵŵŝĚŝƚǇůĞǀĞů –,ŝŐŚŚƵŵŝĚŝƚǇƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐĐŽŶĚĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ –>ŽǁŚƵŵŝĚŝƚǇƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐƐƚĂƟĐĚŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞƐ ͻůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůͲĞǀŝĐĞĂŶĚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚůŽĂĚ ͻ&ůŽŽĚŝŶŐͲtĂƚĞƌĂŶĚĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĚŽŶ͛ƚŐĞƚĂůŽŶŐ NetFlow ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐĨƌŽŵĂůůƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐ –^ŚĂƌĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻEĞƚ&ůŽǁ –^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŵĞƚŚŽĚͲDĂŶǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐĂŶĚŽƉƟŽŶƐ ͻWƌŽďĞĂŶĚĐŽůůĞĐƚŽƌ –WƌŽďĞǁĂƚĐŚĞƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –^ƵŵŵĂƌǇƌĞĐŽƌĚƐĂƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞĐŽůůĞĐƚŽƌ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐĂƉƉ –ůŽƐĞůǇƟĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĐŽůůĞĐƚŽƌ hƉƟŵĞĂŶĚĚŽǁŶƟŵĞ ͻ/ƐŝƚƵƉŽƌĚŽǁŶ͍ –/ƚĐĂŶŽŌĞŶďĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƚĞůů ͻhƉƟŵĞĂŶĚĚŽǁŶƟŵĞƐƚĂƚƵƐƉĂŐĞ –ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ –zŽƵŬŶŽǁƚŚĞǇŬŶŽǁ ϯ͘ϮͲWůĂŶƐĂŶĚWƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ Change management ͻ,ŽǁƚŽŵĂŬĞĂĐŚĂŶŐĞ –hƉŐƌĂĚĞƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ͕ĐŚĂŶŐĞĮƌĞǁĂůůĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵŽĚŝĨǇƐǁŝƚĐŚƉŽƌƚƐ ͻKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƌŝƐŬƐŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞ –KĐĐƵƌƐǀĞƌǇĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ͻKŌĞŶŽǀĞƌůŽŽŬĞĚŽƌŝŐŶŽƌĞĚ –ŝĚǇŽƵĨĞĞůƚŚĂƚďŝƚĞ͍ ͻ,ĂǀĞĐůĞĂƌƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ –&ƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇ͕ĚƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ ĨĂůůďĂĐŬƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ͻ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ –/ƚ͛ƐŚĂƌĚƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĞ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Security incidents ͻhƐĞƌĐůŝĐŬƐĂŶĞŵĂŝůĂƩĂĐŚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĞǆĞĐƵƚĞƐŵĂůǁĂƌĞ –DĂůǁĂƌĞƚŚĞŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻŽ^ –ŽƚŶĞƚĂƩĂĐŬ ͻŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐƐƚŽůĞŶ –dŚŝĞĨǁĂŶƚƐŵŽŶĞǇŽƌŝƚŐŽĞƐƉƵďůŝĐ ͻhƐĞƌŝŶƐƚĂůůƐƉĞĞƌͲƚŽͲƉĞĞƌƐŽŌǁĂƌĞĂŶĚĂůůŽǁƐ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϮͲWůĂŶƐĂŶĚWƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ NIST SP800-61 ͻEĂƟŽŶĂů/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĂŶĚdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ –E/^d^ƉĞĐŝĂůWƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶϴϬϬͲϲϭZĞǀŝƐŝŽŶϮ –ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ/ŶĐŝĚĞŶƚ –,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐ'ƵŝĚĞ ͻdŚĞŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞůŝĨĞĐǇĐůĞ͗ –WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ –ĞƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŶĂůǇƐŝƐ –ŽŶƚĂŝŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƌĂĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ –WŽƐƚͲŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚĐƟǀŝƚǇ Disaster recovery plan ͻ/ĨĂĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ͕/dƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƌĞĂĚǇ –WĂƌƚŽĨďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĐŽŶƟŶƵŝƚǇƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ –<ĞĞƉƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƵƉĂŶĚƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ ͻŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐĂƌĞŵĂŶǇĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĞĚ –EĂƚƵƌĂůĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ –dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŽƌƐǇƐƚĞŵĨĂŝůƵƌĞƐ –,ƵŵĂŶͲĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ ͻĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞƉůĂŶ –ZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –ĂƚĂƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇŵĞƚŚŽĚ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ –/dƚĞĂŵĂŶĚĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽŶƟŶƵŝƚǇŽĨŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ;KKWͿ ͻEŽƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŐŽĞƐĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƉůĂŶ –ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐĐĂŶĐĂƵƐĞĂĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞŶŽƌŵ ͻtĞƌĞůǇŽŶŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝƐƉĞƌǀĂƐŝǀĞ ͻdŚĞƌĞŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞĂŶĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ –DĂŶƵĂůƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐ –WĂƉĞƌƌĞĐĞŝƉƚƐ –WŚŽŶĞĐĂůůƐĨŽƌƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶĂƉƉƌŽǀĂůƐ ͻdŚĞƐĞŵƵƐƚďĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚĂŶĚƚĞƐƚĞĚďĞĨŽƌĞĂ ƉƌŽďůĞŵŽĐĐƵƌƐ System life cycle ͻDĂŶĂŐŝŶŐĂƐƐĞƚĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů –ĞƐŬƚŽƉƐ͕ůĂƉƚŽƉƐ͕ƚĂďůĞƚƐ͕ŵŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻŝƐƉŽƐĂůďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂůĞŐĂůŝƐƐƵĞ –^ŽŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŵƵƐƚŶŽƚďĞĚĞƐƚƌŽǇĞĚ –ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŽīƐŝƚĞƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ ͻzŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚǁĂŶƚĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂƐŚ –WĞŽƉůĞƌĞĂůůǇĚŽĚƵŵƉƐƚĞƌĚŝǀĞ –ZĞĐǇĐůŝŶŐĐĂŶďĞĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ͻKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ –WƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ͻKƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ –ŽǁŶƟŵĞŶŽƟĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐŝƐƐƵĞƐ ͻ^ŽŌǁĂƌĞƵƉŐƌĂĚĞƐͲdĞƐƟŶŐ͕ĐŚĂŶŐĞĐŽŶƚƌŽů ͻŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞŬĞǇ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞĐĂŶƌĞǀŝĞǁĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ Common agreements ͻ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ>ĞǀĞůŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ;^>Ϳ –DŝŶŝŵƵŵƚĞƌŵƐĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ –hƉƟŵĞ͕ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƟŵĞĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –ŽŵŵŽŶůǇƵƐĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ͻDĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵŽĨhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ;DKhͿ –ŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐĂŐƌĞĞŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌĂŶĚƵŵ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ –/ŶĨŽƌŵĂůůĞƩĞƌŽĨŝŶƚĞŶƚ͖ŶŽƚĂƐŝŐŶĞĚĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ Non-disclosure agreement (NDA) ͻŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉĂƌƟĞƐ –/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐŚŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞĚŝƐĐůŽƐĞĚ ͻWƌŽƚĞĐƚƐĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –dƌĂĚĞƐĞĐƌĞƚƐ͕ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ –ŶǇƚŚŝŶŐĞůƐĞůŝƐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞE ͻhŶŝůĂƚĞƌĂůŽƌďŝůĂƚĞƌĂů;ŽƌŵƵůƟůĂƚĞƌĂůͿ –KŶĞͲǁĂǇEŽƌŵƵƚƵĂůE ͻ&ŽƌŵĂůĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚͲ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞƐĂƌĞƵƐƵĂůůǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ϯ͘ϮͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWŽůŝĐŝĞƐ Password policy ͻDĂŬĞǇŽƵƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐƚƌŽŶŐ –ZĞƐŝƐƚŐƵĞƐƐŝŶŐŽƌďƌƵƚĞͲĨŽƌĐĞĂƩĂĐŬ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĞŶƚƌŽƉǇ –EŽƐŝŶŐůĞǁŽƌĚƐ͕ŶŽŽďǀŝŽƵƐƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ ;tŚĂƚ͛ƐƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨǇŽƵƌĚŽŐ͍Ϳ –DŝǆƵƉƉĞƌĂŶĚůŽǁĞƌĐĂƐĞĂŶĚƵƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ ;ŽŶ͛ƚƌĞƉůĂĐĞĂŽǁŝƚŚĂϬ͕ƚǁŝƚŚĂϳͿ ͻ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĂƌĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϴĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ –ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƉŚƌĂƐĞŽƌƐĞƚŽĨǁŽƌĚƐ ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƌĞƵƐĞ –^ǇƐƚĞŵƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌƐƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ͕ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƵŶŝƋƵĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Acceptable use policies (AUP) ͻtŚĂƚŝƐĂĐĐĞƉƚĂďůĞƵƐĞŽĨĐŽŵƉĂŶǇĂƐƐĞƚƐ͍ –ĞƚĂŝůĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ –DĂǇďĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞZƵůĞƐŽĨĞŚĂǀŝŽƌ ͻŽǀĞƌƐŵĂŶǇƚŽƉŝĐƐ –/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚƵƐĞ͕ƚĞůĞƉŚŽŶĞƐ͕ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͕ ŵŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻhƐĞĚďǇĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƚŽůŝŵŝƚůĞŐĂůůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ –/ĨƐŽŵĞŽŶĞŝƐĚŝƐŵŝƐƐĞĚ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƚŚĞ ǁĞůůͲĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚƌĞĂƐŽŶƐǁŚǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϮͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇWŽůŝĐŝĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ BYOD ͻƌŝŶŐzŽƵƌKǁŶĞǀŝĐĞŽƌƌŝŶŐzŽƵƌKǁŶdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ͻŵƉůŽǇĞĞŽǁŶƐƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –EĞĞĚƚŽŵĞĞƚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ͛ƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ͻŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƐĞĐƵƌĞ –/ƚ͛ƐďŽƚŚĂŚŽŵĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĂŶĚĂǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞ –,ŽǁŝƐĚĂƚĂƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ͍ –tŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞĚĂƚĂǁŚĞŶĂĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐ ƐŽůĚŽƌƚƌĂĚĞĚŝŶ͍ ZĞŵŽƚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ͻĂƐǇƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŽůŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –DŽƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚǁŚĞŶƉĞŽƉůĞůĞĂǀĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ͻWŽůŝĐǇĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ –/ŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐ͕ ƵƐĞŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂŶĚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ On-boarding ͻƌŝŶŐĂŶĞǁƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ –EĞǁŚŝƌĞƐŽƌƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ ͻ/dĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ –DĂǇďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞŚĂŶĚďŽŽŬŽƌ ĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞhW ͻƌĞĂƚĞĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐ –ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞƚŚĞƵƐĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ/dŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –>ĂƉƚŽƉƐ͕ƚĂďůĞƚƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –WƌĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚĂŶĚƌĞĂĚǇƚŽŐŽ KīͲďŽĂƌĚŝŶŐ ͻůůŐŽŽĚƚŚŝŶŐƐ͙ –ƵƚǇŽƵŬŶĞǁƚŚŝƐĚĂǇǁŽƵůĚĐŽŵĞ ͻdŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƉƌĞͲƉůĂŶŶĞĚ –zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚǁĂŶƚƚŽĚĞĐŝĚĞŚŽǁƚŽĚŽƚŚŝŶŐƐ ĂƚƚŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚ ͻtŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ͍ ͻtŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ͍ ͻĐĐŽƵŶƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐƵƐƵĂůůǇĚĞĂĐƟǀĂƚĞĚ –ƵƚŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĚĞůĞƚĞĚ ĂƚĂ>ŽƐƐWƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ;>WͿ ͻtŚĞƌĞ͛ƐǇŽƵƌĚĂƚĂ͍ –^ŽĐŝĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŶƵŵďĞƌƐ͕ĐƌĞĚŝƚĐĂƌĚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ ͻĞƚĂŝůĞĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽĚĞĮŶĞǁŚĂƚŝƐĂůůŽǁĞĚ –,ŽǁŝƐƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚ͍ –/ƐƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ͍,Žǁ͍ ͻ>WƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĐĂŶǁĂƚĐŚĂŶĚĂůĞƌƚŽŶƉŽůŝĐǇǀŝŽůĂƟŽŶƐ –KŌĞŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŵƵůƟƉůĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉůĂĐĞƐ Security policy ͻŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͛ƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ/dƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ –ǀĞƌǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶŚĂƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨŽĐƵƐ ͻůŵŽƐƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚŝƐŵŽĚƵůĞǁŽƵůĚďĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ –ZĞŵŽƚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚĂƐƚĂƟĐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ –ŚĂŶŐĞŝƐĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚ ϯ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ Floor plans ͻKǀĞƌůĂǇƚŚĞǁŝƌĞĚĂŶĚǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂůůĂǇŽƵƚ –tŝƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĐĞŝůŝŶŐ –ĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻĂŶďĞƵƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌƉĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞůůĂďĞůƐ –ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĂĚĞƐŬǁŝƚŚĂŶƵŵďĞƌ ͻhƐĞĚĨŽƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ –ǀŽŝĚŚĞĂǀǇŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƌǇ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĐůŽƐĞƚůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ Physical network maps ͻ&ŽůůŽǁƐƚŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůǁŝƌĞĂŶĚĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ĂŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƌĂĐŬůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĨƌĂŵĞƐ ͻWĂƐƐŝǀĞĐĂďůĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ –WƵŶĐŚĚŽǁŶďůŽĐŬƐ –WĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞůƐ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇŵŽƵŶƚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞǁĂůůŽƌŇĂƚƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ –hƐĞƐĂďŝƚŽĨƌĞĂůͲĞƐƚĂƚĞ ͻůůƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚŵĞĚŝĂ –ŽƉƉĞƌ͕ĮďĞƌ͕ǀŽŝĐĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĂ ͻKŌĞŶƵƐĞĚĂƐĂƌŽŽŵŽƌůŽĐĂƟŽŶŶĂŵĞ –/ƚ͛ƐĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ DĂŝŶŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ&ƌĂŵĞ;D&Ϳ ͻĞŶƚƌĂůƉŽŝŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶĂĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ ͻdĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚĨŽƌtEůŝŶŬƐ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŚĞŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŽƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ͻ'ŽŽĚƚĞƐƚƉŽŝŶƚ –dĞƐƚŝŶďŽƚŚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŽŌĞŶƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌ –dŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůƉŽŝŶƚĨŽƌĚĂƚĂ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϮͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ /ŶƚĞƌŵĞĚŝĂƚĞŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ&ƌĂŵĞ;/&Ϳ ͻǆƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞD& –ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŚĞƵƐĞƌƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –hƉůŝŶŬƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞD& –tŽƌŬŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ –KƚŚĞƌůŽĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ͻŽŵŵŽŶŝŶŵĞĚŝƵŵƚŽůĂƌŐĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐ –hƐĞƌƐĂƌĞŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůůǇĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ Logical network maps ͻ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –sŝƐŝŽ͕KŵŶŝ'ƌĂŋĞ͕'ůŝīǇ͘ĐŽŵ ͻ,ŝŐŚůĞǀĞůǀŝĞǁƐ –tEůĂǇŽƵƚ͕ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŇŽǁƐ ͻhƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ Managing your cables ͻE^/ͬd/ͬ/ϲϬϲ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌƚŚĞdĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ͻWƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –ZĞƉŽƌƚƐ͕ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ͕ǁŽƌŬŽƌĚĞƌƐ ͻWĂƚŚǁĂǇ͕ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ŐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ –/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐ͕>ĂďĞůŝŶŐ ͻĂďůĞƐ –/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐ͕ůĂďĞůƐ͕ĐŽůŽƌĐŽĚŝŶŐ͕ďĂƌĐŽĚŝŶŐ Labeling ͻǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝƐƚĂŐŐĞĚĂŶĚůĂďĞůĞĚ –ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌŵĂƚ ͻWŽƌƚůĂďĞůŝŶŐ –ϬϭͲϬϭͲϬϴϴ –ϬϭͲDĂŝŶĨĂĐŝůŝƚǇ –ϬϭͲ&ůŽŽƌϭ͕ƐƉĂĐĞ –ϬϴϴͲĂƚĂƉŽƌƚϴϴ ͻůůĐĂďůĞƐĂƌĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚ –ĞŶƚƌĂůĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ Site surveys ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ –^ĂŵƉůĞƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –zŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŵ ͻtŽƌŬĂƌŽƵŶĚĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –>ĂǇŽƵƚĂŶĚƉůĂŶĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻWůĂŶĨŽƌŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƐŝƚĞƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ –dŚŝŶŐƐǁŝůůĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇĐŚĂŶŐĞ ͻ,ĞĂƚŵĂƉƐ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ Audit and assessment report ͻsĂůŝĚĂƚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ –ƌĞǁĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐŽƵƌŽǁŶƌƵůĞƐ͍ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂůĂƵĚŝƚƐ –^ĞůĨͲŝŵƉŽƐĞĚĐŚĞĐŬƐ –sĂůŝĚĂƚĞƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ĐŚĞĐŬĂĐĐĞƐƐůŽŐƐ͕ ǀĞƌŝĨǇƵƐĞƌĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐƚĂƚƵƐ ͻǆƚĞƌŶĂůĂƵĚŝƚƐ –dŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐƚŚĞĐŚĞĐŬƐ –DĂǇďĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ Baselines ͻƌŽĂĚůǇĚĞĮŶĞĚ –tŚĂƚĚŽĞƐŝƚŵĞĂŶƚŽǇŽƵ͍ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƟŵĞ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻWŽŝŶƚŽĨƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ –ĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞĚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ –ǆĂŵŝŶĞƚŚĞƉĂƐƚƚŽƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ –hƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ϯ͘ϮͲ,ŝŐŚǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ Fault tolerance ͻDĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƵƉƟŵĞŝŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨĂĨĂŝůƵƌĞ –/ĨĂƉƌŽďůĞŵŽĐĐƵƌƐ͕ǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ͍ –ĂŶĚĞŐƌĂĚĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ͻ&ĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞĂĚĚƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ –dŚĞĐŽƐƚŽĨŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ ͻ^ŝŶŐůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĨĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ –Z/͕ƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚƉŽǁĞƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ͕ƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚE/Ɛ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĨĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ –^ĞƌǀĞƌĨĂƌŵƐǁŝƚŚůŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ –DƵůƟƉůĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƉĂƚŚƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇĂŶĚĨĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ ͻZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ –DƵůƟƉůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ůŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐƉŽǁĞƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ ͻZ/ –ZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚƌƌĂǇŽĨ/ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚŝƐŬƐ ͻhŶŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƟďůĞƉŽǁĞƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ;hW^Ϳ –WƌĞƉĂƌĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻůƵƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ –ůŽŐŝĐĂůĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻ>ŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ –^ŚĂƌĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞůŽĂĚĂĐƌŽƐƐĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϰϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϮͲ,ŝŐŚǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ High availability Load balancing ͻZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚĂůǁĂǇƐŵĞĂŶĂůǁĂǇƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –DĂǇŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞĞŶĂďůĞĚŵĂŶƵĂůůǇ ͻ,;ŚŝŐŚĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇͿ –ůǁĂǇƐŽŶ͕ĂůǁĂǇƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻDĂǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ –tĂƚĐŚĨŽƌƐŝŶŐůĞƉŽŝŶƚƐŽĨĨĂŝůƵƌĞ ͻ,ŝŐŚĞƌĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇĂůŵŽƐƚĂůǁĂǇƐŵĞĂŶƐŚŝŐŚĞƌĐŽƐƚƐ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂůǁĂǇƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŶƟŶŐĞŶĐǇǇŽƵĐŽƵůĚĂĚĚ –hƉŐƌĂĚĞĚƉŽǁĞƌ͕ŚŝŐŚͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇƐĞƌǀĞƌĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ Load balancing ͻ^ŽŵĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂƌĞĂĐƟǀĞ͕ŽƚŚĞƌƐĂƌĞŽŶƐƚĂŶĚďǇ –/ĨĂŶĂĐƟǀĞƐĞƌǀĞƌĨĂŝůƐ͕ƚŚĞƉĂƐƐŝǀĞƐĞƌǀĞƌƚĂŬĞƐŝƚƐƉůĂĐĞ NIC teaming ͻ>ŽĂĚĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐͬ&ĂŝůKǀĞƌ;>&KͿ –ŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ͕ƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚƉĂƚŚƐ –ĞĐŽŵĞƐŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůǁŽƌůĚ ͻDƵůƟƉůĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚĂƉƚĞƌƐ –>ŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞĂƐŝŶŐůĞĂĚĂƉƚĞƌ –/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞǁŝƚŚƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ ͻE/ƐƚĂůŬƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –hƐƵĂůůǇŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚ –&ĂŝůƐŽǀĞƌǁŚĞŶĂE/ĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ϯ͘ϯͲ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ UPS ͻhŶŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƟďůĞWŽǁĞƌ^ƵƉƉůǇ –^ŚŽƌƚͲƚĞƌŵďĂĐŬƵƉƉŽǁĞƌ –ůĂĐŬŽƵƚƐ͕ďƌŽǁŶŽƵƚƐ͕ƐƵƌŐĞƐ ͻhW^ƚǇƉĞƐ –^ƚĂŶĚďǇhW^͕ůŝŶĞͲŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞhW^͕ĂŶĚŽŶͲůŝŶĞhW^ ͻ&ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ –ƵƚŽƐŚƵƚĚŽǁŶ͕ďĂƩĞƌǇĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ͕ŽƵƚůĞƚƐ͕ ƉŚŽŶĞůŝŶĞƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ WŽǁĞƌĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƵŶŝƚƐ;WhƐͿ ͻWƌŽǀŝĚĞŵƵůƟƉůĞƉŽǁĞƌŽƵƚůĞƚƐ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶĂƌĂĐŬ ͻKŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů –DĂŶĂŐĞƉŽǁĞƌĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ –ŶĂďůĞŽƌĚŝƐĂďůĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŽƵƚůĞƚƐ Generators ͻ>ŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƉŽǁĞƌďĂĐŬƵƉ –&ƵĞůƐƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻWŽǁĞƌĂŶĞŶƟƌĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ –^ŽŵĞƉŽǁĞƌŽƵƚůĞƚƐŵĂǇďĞŵĂƌŬĞĚĂƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŽƌͲƉŽǁĞƌĞĚ ͻ/ƚŵĂǇƚĂŬĞĂĨĞǁŵŝŶƵƚĞƐƚŽŐĞƚƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŽƌƵƉƚŽƐƉĞĞĚ –hƐĞĂďĂƩĞƌǇhW^ǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƚŽƌŝƐƐƚĂƌƟŶŐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC HVAC ͻ,ĞĂƟŶŐ͕sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŝƌŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐ –dŚĞƌŵŽĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƐ͕ŇƵŝĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐƐ͕ ĂŶĚŚĞĂƚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻĐŽŵƉůĞǆƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ –EŽƚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĐĂŶƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇĚĞƐŝŐŶǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ –DƵƐƚďĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĮƌĞƐǇƐƚĞŵ ͻWŵĂŶĂŐĞƐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ –DĂŬĞƐĐŽŽůŝŶŐĂŶĚŚĞĂƟŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĨŽƌ ǁŽƌŬƐƉĂĐĞƐĂŶĚĚĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌƐ ͻĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ –<ĞĞƉƚŚĞĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉĞŽƉůĞĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞ Fire suppression ͻĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌĮƌĞƐĂĨĞƚǇ –>ĂƌŐĞĂƌĞĂ͕ůŽƚƐŽĨĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐƐ –tĂƚĞƌŝƐŶ͛ƚƚŚĞďĞƐƚĮƌĞƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽƉƟŽŶ ͻŽŵŵŽŶƚŽƵƐĞŝŶĞƌƚŐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůĂŐĞŶƚƐ –^ƚŽƌĞĚŝŶƚĂŶŬƐĂŶĚĚŝƐƉĞƌƐĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐĂĮƌĞ –DĂŶǇǁĂƌŶŝŶŐƐŝŐŶƐ ͻ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽ,sƐǇƐƚĞŵ –DŽŶŝƚŽƌĨŽƌĐĂƌďŽŶŵŽŶŽǆŝĚĞ –ŶĂďůĞͬĚŝƐĂďůĞĂŝƌŚĂŶĚůĞƌƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϯͲZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ^ŝƚĞƐ Site resiliency ͻZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƐŝƚĞŝƐƉƌĞƉƉĞĚ –ĂƚĂŝƐƐǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌĞĚ ͻĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌŝƐĐĂůůĞĚ –ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĨĂŝůŽǀĞƌƚŽƚŚĞ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐƐŝƚĞ ͻWƌŽďůĞŵŝƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ –dŚŝƐĐĂŶƚĂŬĞŚŽƵƌƐ͕ǁĞĞŬƐ͕ŽƌůŽŶŐĞƌ ͻZĞǀĞƌƚďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŵƵƐƚďĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ Cold site ͻEŽŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞͲĞŵƉƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ͻEŽĚĂƚĂͲďƌŝŶŐŝƚǁŝƚŚǇŽƵ ͻEŽƉĞŽƉůĞͲďƵƐŝŶǇŽƵƌƚĞĂŵ Warm site ͻ^ŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐŽůĚĂŶĚŚŽƚ –:ƵƐƚĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽŐĞƚŐŽŝŶŐ ͻŝŐƌŽŽŵǁŝƚŚƌĂĐŬƐƉĂĐĞ –zŽƵďƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ͻ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŝƐƌĞĂĚǇĂŶĚǁĂŝƟŶŐ –zŽƵďƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐŽŌǁĂƌĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĂ Hot site ͻŶĞǆĂĐƚƌĞƉůŝĐĂ –ƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ͻ^ƚŽĐŬĞĚǁŝƚŚŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –ŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ –zŽƵďƵǇƚǁŽŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞĂƌĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ –ƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚƌĞƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻ&ůŝƉĂƐǁŝƚĐŚĂŶĚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŵŽǀĞƐ –dŚŝƐŵĂǇďĞƋƵŝƚĞĂĨĞǁƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ Cloud site ͻhƐĞĂŶĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚĐůŽƵĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ –ĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ͻEŽƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚǇƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞ –KŶůŝŶĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻŽƐƚƐĐĂŶďĞŇĂƚĨĞĞŽƌďĂƐĞĚŽŶƵƐĞ –DŽƌĞĚĂƚĂ͕ŵŽƌĞĐŽƐƚ ͻdŚĞĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƐƟůůŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞŵŽǀĞĚ –>ĂƌŐĞĚĂƚĂƐƚŽƌĂŐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐŵĂǇ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĂĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ϯ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ ĐƟǀĞͲƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ͻdǁŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚ –KŶůǇŽŶĞŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐĂƚĂƟŵĞ ͻ/ĨŽŶĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĨĂŝůƐ͕ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƚĂŬĞƐŽǀĞƌ –ŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƉĂŝƌ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞƐĞƐƐŝŽŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŝƐĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƐǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝǌĞĚ –dŚĞĨĂŝůŽǀĞƌŵŝŐŚƚŽĐĐƵƌĂƚĂŶǇƟŵĞ ĐƟǀĞͲĂĐƟǀĞ ͻzŽƵďŽƵŐŚƚƚǁŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –hƐĞďŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ ͻDŽƌĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆƚŽĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ –ĂƚĂĐĂŶŇŽǁŝŶŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ –ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞŇŽǁƐ –DŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůůŝŶŐĚĂƚĂƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĂǀĞƌǇŐŽŽĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌůǇŝŶŐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ Diverse paths ͻƌĞĂƚĞŵƵůƟƉůĞƉĂƚŚƐ –DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ;/^WͿ ͻDĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ ĂŶĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ –ĚǀĂŶĐĞĚĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƌŽƵƟŶŐƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –&ĂŝůŽǀĞƌƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ –>ŽĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ'ƌĞĂƚĨŽƌƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇͲEŽƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞŽŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC High availability protocols ͻ&,ZW;&ŝƌƐƚ,ŽƉZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –zŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚǁŝƚŚĂƐŝŶŐůĞ ĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ –tĞŶĞĞĚĂǁĂǇƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇŝĨƚŚĞ ĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇĨĂŝůƐ ͻsZZW;sŝƌƚƵĂůZŽƵƚĞƌZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –dŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚƌŽƵƚĞƌŝƐŶ͛ƚƌĞĂů –ĞǀŝĐĞƐƵƐĞĂǀŝƌƚƵĂů/WĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ –/ĨĂƌŽƵƚĞƌĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌƐ͕ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŽŶĞƚĂŬĞƐŝƚƐƉůĂĐĞ –ĂƚĂĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŇŽǁ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϯ͘ϯͲǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ͻZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƟŵĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ;ZdKͿ –'ĞƚƵƉĂŶĚƌƵŶŶŝŶŐƋƵŝĐŬůǇ –'ĞƚďĂĐŬƚŽĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞůĞǀĞů ͻZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉŽŝŶƚŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ;ZWKͿ –,ŽǁŵƵĐŚĚĂƚĂůŽƐƐŝƐĂĐĐĞƉƚĂďůĞ͍ –ƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐǇƐƚĞŵďĂĐŬŽŶůŝŶĞ͖ ŚŽǁĨĂƌďĂĐŬĚŽĞƐĚĂƚĂŐŽ͍ ͻDĞĂŶƟŵĞƚŽƌĞƉĂŝƌ;DddZͿ –dŝŵĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽĮǆƚŚĞŝƐƐƵĞ ͻDĞĂŶƟŵĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĨĂŝůƵƌĞƐ;Dd&Ϳ –WƌĞĚŝĐƚƚŚĞƟŵĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƚĂŐĞƐ Network device backup and restore ͻǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŚĂƐĂĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ͕ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐĞƫŶŐƐ͕ƉŽƌƚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ –DŽƐƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂůůŽǁƚŚĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƚŽďĞ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĂŶĚƵƉůŽĂĚĞĚ –ŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐŵĂǇďĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚŽĂǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĐŽĚĞŽƌĮƌŵǁĂƌĞ ͻZĞǀĞƌƚƚŽĂƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐƐƚĂƚĞ –hƐĞďĂĐŬƵƉƐƚŽƌĞƚƵƌŶƚŽĂƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ĚĂƚĞĂŶĚƟŵĞ –DĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĮƌŵǁĂƌĞŽƌǀĞƌƐŝŽŶĚŽǁŶŐƌĂĚĞ ϰ͘ϭͲ/dƌŝĂĚ The CIA Triad ͻŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ –dŚĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐŽĨƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ –WƌĞǀĞŶƚĚŝƐĐůŽƐƵƌĞŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐŽƌƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ͻ/ŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ –DĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĐĂŶ͛ƚďĞŵŽĚŝĮĞĚǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ ͻǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ –^ǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐŵƵƐƚďĞƵƉĂŶĚƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ ŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ ͻĞƌƚĂŝŶŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚŽŶůǇďĞŬŶŽǁŶ ƚŽĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƉĞŽƉůĞ ͻŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ –ŶĐŽĚĞŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐƐŽŽŶůǇĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƉĞŽƉůĞĐĂŶƌĞĂĚŝƚ ͻĐĐĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –^ĞůĞĐƟǀĞůǇƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ͻ^ƚĞŐĂŶŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ –ŽŶĐĞĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞ ŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –ŽŵŵŽŶůǇĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŚŝĚŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĂŶŝŵĂŐĞ Integrity ͻĂƚĂŝƐƐƚŽƌĞĚĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚĂƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ –ŶǇŵŽĚŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĂƚĂǁŽƵůĚďĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ͻ,ĂƐŚŝŶŐ –DĂƉĚĂƚĂŽĨĂŶĂƌďŝƚƌĂƌǇůĞŶŐƚŚƚŽĚĂƚĂŽĨĂĮǆĞĚůĞŶŐƚŚ ͻŝŐŝƚĂůƐŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞƐ –DĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůƐĐŚĞŵĞƚŽǀĞƌŝĨǇƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇŽĨĚĂƚĂ ͻĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞƐ –ŽŵďŝŶĞǁŝƚŚĂĚŝŐŝƚĂůƐŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞƚŽǀĞƌŝĨǇĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ͻEŽŶͲƌĞƉƵĚŝĂƟŽŶ –WƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƉƌŽŽĨŽĨŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ͕ĐĂŶďĞĂƐƐĞƌƚĞĚƚŽ ďĞŐĞŶƵŝŶĞ Availability ͻ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞƚŽĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƵƐĞƌƐ –ůǁĂǇƐĂƚǇŽƵƌĮŶŐĞƌƟƉƐ ͻZĞĚƵŶĚĂŶĐǇ –ƵŝůĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŚĂƚǁŝůůĂůǁĂǇƐďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻ&ĂƵůƚƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ –^ǇƐƚĞŵǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽƌƵŶ͕ĞǀĞŶǁŚĞŶĂĨĂŝůƵƌĞŽĐĐƵƌƐ ͻWĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ –^ƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ –ůŽƐĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŚŽůĞƐ ϰ͘ϭͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ sƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ͻǁĞĂŬŶĞƐƐŝŶĂƐǇƐƚĞŵ –ůůŽǁƐƚŚĞďĂĚŐƵǇƐƚŽŐĂŝŶĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌĐĂƵƐĞĂ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇďƌĞĂĐŚ ͻ^ŽŵĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂƌĞŶĞǀĞƌĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ –KƌĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚĂŌĞƌǇĞĂƌƐŽĨƵƐĞ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƚǇƉĞƐ –ĂƚĂŝŶũĞĐƟŽŶ –ƌŽŬĞŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –^ĞŶƐŝƟǀĞĚĂƚĂĞǆƉŽƐƵƌĞ –^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŵŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ĞƌŽͲĚĂǇĂƩĂĐŬƐ ͻDĂŶǇĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ –tĞ͛ǀĞũƵƐƚŶŽƚĨŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŵǇĞƚ ͻ^ŽŵĞŽŶĞŝƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŚĂƌĚƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞŶĞǆƚďŝŐǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –dŚĞŐŽŽĚŐƵǇƐƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌ ͻƩĂĐŬĞƌƐŬĞĞƉƚŚĞƐĞǇĞƚͲƚŽͲďĞͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŚŽůĞƐ ƚŽƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ –dŚĞǇǁĂŶƚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞƐĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŐĂŝŶ ͻĞƌŽͲĚĂǇ –dŚĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇŚĂƐŶŽƚďĞĞŶĚĞƚĞĐƚĞĚŽƌƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ –ĞƌŽͲĚĂǇĞǆƉůŽŝƚƐĂƌĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇĐŽŵŵŽŶ ͻŽŵŵŽŶsƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚǆƉŽƐƵƌĞƐ;sͿ –ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĐǀĞ͘ŵŝƚƌĞ͘ŽƌŐͬ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϭͲ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Threat ͻǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĐĂŶďĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞĚďǇĂƚŚƌĞĂƚ –DĂǇďĞŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂů;ĂƩĂĐŬĞƌͿŽƌĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚĂů ;ĮƌĞ͕ŇŽŽĚ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ –DĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂƌĞĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůƚŽ ƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ ͻƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĐĂŶŚĂǀĞĂǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –dŚĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĐĂŶďĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞĚďǇĂƚŚƌĞĂƚĂŐĞŶƚ –dŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚĂŐĞŶƚƚĂŬĞƐĂƚŚƌĞĂƚĂĐƟŽŶƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚƚŚĞ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ͻdŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŝƐĂůŽƐƐŽĨƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ –ĂƚĂďƌĞĂĐŚ͕ƐǇƐƚĞŵĨĂŝůƵƌĞ͕ĚĂƚĂƚŚĞŌ Insider threats ͻtĞŐŝǀĞƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽŶƐŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐ –>ĞĂƐƚƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞ͕ĂŶǇŽŶĞ͍ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞŵŽƌĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐũƵƐƚďǇĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ –>ŽĐŬĂǁĂǇǇŽƵƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ –^ŽŵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞǀĞƌǇƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝƐƐƵĞƐ –,ĂƌŵƐƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶ –ƌŝƟĐĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶ –>ŽƐƐŽĨĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŽƌƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ Vulnerability databases ͻZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĮŶĚǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŬŶŽǁĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŵ ͻŽŵŵŽŶsƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚǆƉŽƐƵƌĞƐ;sͿ –ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŵĂŶĂŐĞĚůŝƐƚŽĨǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ –^ƉŽŶƐŽƌĞĚďǇƚŚĞh͘^͘ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨ,ŽŵĞůĂŶĚ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ;,^ͿĂŶĚǇďĞƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŐĞŶĐǇ;/^Ϳ ͻh͘^͘EĂƟŽŶĂůsƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĂƚĂďĂƐĞ;EsͿ –ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨsƐ –ůƐŽƐƉŽŶƐŽƌĞĚďǇ,^ĂŶĚ/^Ͳ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬŶǀĚ͘ŶŝƐƚ͘ŐŽǀͬ ͻEsƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞsůŝƐƚ –WĂƚĐŚĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚƐĞǀĞƌŝƚǇƐĐŽƌŝŶŐ Exploits ͻdĂŬĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĂǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –'ĂŝŶĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨĂƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ŵŽĚŝĨǇĚĂƚĂ͕ĚŝƐĂďůĞĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ͻDĂŶǇĞǆƉůŽŝƚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ –ƵŝůƚƚŽƚĂŬĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĂǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –DĂǇďĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆ Least privilege ͻZŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐĞƚƚŽƚŚĞďĂƌĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ –zŽƵŽŶůǇŐĞƚĞǆĂĐƚůǇǁŚĂƚ͛ƐŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ǇŽƵƌŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ͻůůƵƐĞƌĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐŵƵƐƚďĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƐŚŽƵůĚƌƵŶǁŝƚŚŵŝŶŝŵĂůƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞƐ ͻŽŶ͛ƚĂůůŽǁƵƐĞƌƐƚŽƌƵŶǁŝƚŚĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞƐ –>ŝŵŝƚƐƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨŵĂůŝĐŝŽƵƐďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌ ZŽůĞͲďĂƐĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽů;ZͿ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞĂƌŽůĞŝŶǇŽƵƌŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ –DĂŶĂŐĞƌ͕ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͕ƚĞĂŵůĞĂĚ͕ƉƌŽũĞĐƚŵĂŶĂŐĞƌ ͻĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƌŽůĞ ŽĨƚŚĞƵƐĞƌ –ZŝŐŚƚƐĂƌĞŐĂŝŶĞĚŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚůǇŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ ͻ/ŶtŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕ƵƐĞ'ƌŽƵƉƐƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌŽůĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽů –zŽƵĂƌĞŝŶƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ͕ƐŽǇŽƵĐĂŶƵƐĞ ƚŚĞƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –zŽƵĂƌĞƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞƌ͕ƐŽǇŽƵĐĂŶƌĞǀŝĞǁƐŚŝƉƉŝŶŐůŽŐƐ Zero trust ͻDĂŶǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇŽƉĞŶŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƐŝĚĞ –KŶĐĞǇŽƵ͛ƌĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĮƌĞǁĂůů͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĨĞǁ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ ͻĞƌŽƚƌƵƐƚŝƐĂŚŽůŝƐƟĐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ –ŽǀĞƌƐĞǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞ͕ĞǀĞƌǇƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ĞǀĞƌǇƉĞƌƐŽŶ ͻǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŵƵƐƚďĞǀĞƌŝĮĞĚ –EŽƚŚŝŶŐŝƐƚƌƵƐƚĞĚ –DƵůƟĨĂĐƚŽƌĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ͕ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ͕ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ϰ͘ϭͲĞĨĞŶƐĞŝŶĞƉƚŚ Layering the defense ͻWŚǇƐŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –<ĞĞƉƉĞŽƉůĞĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ –ŽŽƌůŽĐŬƐ͕ĨĞŶĐĞƐ͕ƌĂĐŬůŽĐŬƐ͕ĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ ͻdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂŶĚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚŝŶŐƐƐĞĐƵƌĞ –&ŝƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ĂĐƟǀĞĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĚŝƐŬĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ ͻĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –WŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ –KŶďŽĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶĚŽĪŽĂƌĚŝŶŐ –ĂĐŬƵƉŵĞĚŝĂŚĂŶĚůŝŶŐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Defense in depth ͻ&ŝƌĞǁĂůů ͻ^ĐƌĞĞŶĞĚƐƵďŶĞƚ ͻ,ĂƐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚƐĂůƟŶŐƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻ/ŶƚƌƵƐŝŽŶƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶƐǇƐƚĞŵ ͻsWEĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻĂƌĚͬďĂĚŐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻŶƟͲǀŝƌƵƐĂŶĚĂŶƟͲŵĂůǁĂƌĞƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŐƵĂƌĚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϭͲĞĨĞŶƐĞŝŶĞƉƚŚ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ WŚǇƐŝĐĂůƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –DƵůƟƉůĞƵŶŝƚƐ͕ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ >ŽŐŝĐĂůƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚs>EƐ ͻsŝƌƚƵĂů>ŽĐĂůƌĞĂEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ;s>EƐͿ –^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇ –ĂŶŶŽƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶs>EƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ Ă>ĂǇĞƌϯĚĞǀŝĐĞͬƌŽƵƚĞƌ Screened subnet ͻWƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞĚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌŝǌĞĚǌŽŶĞ;DͿ –ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůĂǇĞƌŽĨƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĂŶĚǇŽƵ –WƵďůŝĐĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƉƵďůŝĐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ^ĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĚƵƟĞƐ ͻ^ƉůŝƚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ –EŽŽŶĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŚĂƐĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ –,ĂůĨŽĨĂƐĂĨĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ͻƵĂůĐŽŶƚƌŽů –dǁŽƉĞŽƉůĞŵƵƐƚďĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŽƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƚŚĞ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ –dǁŽŬĞǇƐŽƉĞŶĂƐĂĨĞ;ŽƌůĂƵŶĐŚĂŵŝƐƐŝůĞͿ Network Access Control (NAC) ͻ/ϴϬϮ͘ϭyͲWŽƌƚͲďĂƐĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽů;EͿ –zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŐĞƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƵŶƟůǇŽƵĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞ ͻtĞ͛ƌĞƚĂůŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ –EŽƚdWŽƌhWƉŽƌƚƐ ͻDĂŬĞƐĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƵƐĞŽĨWĂŶĚZ/h^ –ǆƚĞŶƐŝďůĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͬ ZĞŵŽƚĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝĂů/ŶhƐĞƌ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ ͻĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞĞŶĂďůĞͬĚŝƐĂďůĞ –ŝƐĂďůĞǇŽƵƌƵŶƵƐĞĚƉŽƌƚƐ ͻƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐŚĞĐŬŝŶŐ –^ƚŽƉƚŚĞƐƉŽŽĨĞƌƐ Honeypots ͻƩƌĂĐƚƚŚĞďĂĚŐƵǇƐͲŶĚƚƌĂƉƚŚĞŵƚŚĞƌĞ ͻdŚĞ͞ĂƩĂĐŬĞƌ͟ŝƐƉƌŽďĂďůǇĂŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ –DĂŬĞƐĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƌĞĐŽŶ ͻ,ŽŶĞǇƉŽƚƐͲƌĞĂƚĞĂǀŝƌƚƵĂůǁŽƌůĚƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ –<ŝƉƉŽ͕'ŽŽŐůĞ,ĂĐŬ,ŽŶĞǇƉŽƚ͕tŽƌĚƉŽƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻŽŶƐƚĂŶƚďĂƩůĞƚŽĚŝƐĐĞƌŶƚŚĞƌĞĂůĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨĂŬĞ ϰ͘ϭͲƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶDĞƚŚŽĚƐ >ŽĐĂůĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂƌĞƐƚŽƌĞĚŽŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ –DƵƐƚďĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůǇĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ͻsĞƌǇŵĂŶƵĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –ƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĐŚĂŶŐĞŵƵƐƚďĞĚŽŶĞŵĂŶƵĂůůǇŽŶ ĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻŽĞƐŶ͛ƚƌĞůǇŽŶĂƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽƵƚĂŐĞǁŽŶ͛ƚŝŵƉĂĐƚƚŚĞůŽŐŝŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ DƵůƟͲĨĂĐƚŽƌĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻDŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞĨĂĐƚŽƌ –^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĂƌĞ –^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵŚĂǀĞ –^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵŬŶŽǁ –^ŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĂƌĞ –^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĚŽ ͻĂŶďĞĞǆƉĞŶƐŝǀĞ –^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞƚŽŬĞŶƐ –^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚƐĐĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ͻĂŶďĞŝŶĞǆƉĞŶƐŝǀĞͲ&ƌĞĞƐŵĂƌƚƉŚŽŶĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ Z/h^;ZĞŵŽƚĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝĂůͲŝŶhƐĞƌ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞͿ ͻKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ –^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚŽŶĂǁŝĚĞǀĂƌŝĞƚǇŽĨƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐĂŶĚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –EŽƚũƵƐƚĨŽƌĚŝĂůͲŝŶ ͻĞŶƚƌĂůŝǌĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƵƐĞƌƐ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ –^ĞƌǀĞƌĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –ZĞŵŽƚĞsWEĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ϴϬϮ͘ϭyŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻZ/h^ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŽŶĂůŵŽƐƚĂŶǇ ƐĞƌǀĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC TACACS ͻdĞƌŵŝŶĂůĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌĐĐĞƐƐͲŽŶƚƌŽů^ǇƐƚĞŵ –ZĞŵŽƚĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĚŝĂůͲƵƉůŝŶĞƐƚŽZWEd ͻd^н –dŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨd^͕ŶŽƚďĂĐŬǁĂƌĚƐĐŽŵƉĂƟďůĞ –DŽƌĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞĐŽĚĞƐ –ZĞůĞĂƐĞĚĂƐĂŶŽƉĞŶƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝŶϭϵϵϯ LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) ͻWƌŽƚŽĐŽůĨŽƌƌĞĂĚŝŶŐĂŶĚǁƌŝƟŶŐĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌŝĞƐ ŽǀĞƌĂŶ/WŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚƐĞƚŽĨƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ͕ůŝŬĞĂƉŚŽŶĞĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ ͻy͘ϱϬϬƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐǁƌŝƩĞŶďǇƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů dĞůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐhŶŝŽŶ;/dhͿ –dŚĞǇŬŶŽǁĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͊ ͻWƌĂŶŽŶƚŚĞK^/ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐƚĂĐŬ –>WŝƐůŝŐŚƚǁĞŝŐŚƚ͕ĂŶĚƵƐĞƐdWͬ/W ;ƚĐƉͬϯϴϵĂŶĚƵĚƉͬϯϴϵͿ ͻ>WŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƵƐĞĚƚŽƋƵĞƌǇ ĂŶĚƵƉĚĂƚĞĂŶy͘ϱϬϬĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ –hƐĞĚŝŶtŝŶĚŽǁƐĐƟǀĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ͕ƉƉůĞ KƉĞŶŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ͕KƉĞŶ>W͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ,ŝĞƌĂƌĐŚŝĐĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞͲƵŝůĚƐĂƚƌĞĞ ͻŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌŽďũĞĐƚƐ –ŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͕ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶĂůƵŶŝƚƐ ͻ>ĞĂĨŽďũĞĐƚƐ –hƐĞƌƐ͕ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƉƌŝŶƚĞƌƐ͕ĮůĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϭͲƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶDĞƚŚŽĚƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Kerberos ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞŽŶĐĞ͕ƚƌƵƐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐǇƐƚĞŵ ͻEŽŶĞĞĚƚŽƌĞͲĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞƚŽĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ –DƵƚƵĂůĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶͲƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ –WƌŽƚĞĐƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŵĂŶͲŝŶͲƚŚĞͲŵŝĚĚůĞŽƌƌĞƉůĂǇĂƩĂĐŬƐ ͻ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞϭϵϴϬƐ –ĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚďǇƚŚĞDĂƐƐĂĐŚƵƐĞƩƐ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ;D/dͿͲZ&ϰϭϮϬ ͻDŝĐƌŽƐŽŌƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƵƐŝŶŐ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐŝŶtŝŶĚŽǁƐϮϬϬϬ –ĂƐĞĚŽŶ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐϱ͘ϬŽƉĞŶƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –ŽŵƉĂƟďůĞǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ SSO with Kerberos ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞŽŶĞƟŵĞ –>ŽƚƐŽĨďĂĐŬĞŶĚƟĐŬĞƟŶŐ͕ƵƐĞƐĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƟĐŬĞƚƐ ͻEŽĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚƵƐĞƌŶĂŵĞĂŶĚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚŝŶƉƵƚ͊Ͳ^ĂǀĞƟŵĞ ͻKŶůǇǁŽƌŬƐǁŝƚŚ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐ –EŽƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝƐ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůǇ ͻdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌ^^KŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ –^ŵĂƌƚͲĐĂƌĚƐ͕^D>͕ĞƚĐ͘ tŚŝĐŚŵĞƚŚŽĚƚŽƵƐĞ͍ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŽ ĂŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ –DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶĂƐŝŵƉůĞůŽŐŝŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ͻKŌĞŶĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚďǇǁŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŚĂŶĚ –sWEĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŽƌĐĂŶƚĂůŬƚŽĂZ/h^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ –tĞŚĂǀĞĂZ/h^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻd^нͲWƌŽďĂďůǇĂŝƐĐŽĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐŽƌ>WͲWƌŽďĂďůǇĂDŝĐƌŽƐŽŌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ IEEE 802.1X ͻ/ϴϬϮ͘ϭy –WŽƌƚͲďĂƐĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽů;EͿ –zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŐĞƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵŶƟů ǇŽƵĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞ ͻWŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚϴϬϮ͘ϭy –ǆƚĞŶƐŝďůĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ϴϬϮ͘ϭyƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵŶƟůƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐƵĐĐĞĞĚƐ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ –Z/h^͕>W͕d^н EAP ͻǆƚĞŶƐŝďůĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽů;WͿ –ŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐƚŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶ Z&ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ –DĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌƐĐĂŶďƵŝůĚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶWŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ͻWŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚϴϬϮ͘ϭy –WƌĞǀĞŶƚƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƵŶƟůƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐƵĐĐĞĞĚƐ ϰ͘ϭͲZŝƐŬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Threat assessment ͻZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ –ŶĚƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚĂĐƚŽƌƐ ͻĂƚĂŝƐĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ –,ĂĐŬĞƌŐƌŽƵƉƉƌŽĮůĞƐ͕ƚŽŽůƐƵƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞĂƩĂĐŬĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚ ŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞ ͻDĂŬĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚŝƐŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ –/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŶƚŚĞďĞƐƚƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ͻhƐĞĚďǇƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚĞĂŵƐ͕ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ Vulnerability assessment ͻhƐƵĂůůǇŵŝŶŝŵĂůůǇŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞ –hŶůŝŬĞĂƉĞŶĞƚƌĂƟŽŶƚĞƐƚ ͻZƵŶĂǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƐĐĂŶŶĞƌ –WŽŬĞĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚƐĞĞǁŚĂƚ͛ƐŽƉĞŶ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –ŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻdĞƐƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞĂŶĚŝŶƐŝĚĞ –ŽŶ͛ƚĚŝƐŵŝƐƐŝŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌĂƐŵƵĐŚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ –tĞ͛ůůƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞǁŚĞĂƚĨƌŽŵĐŚĂīůĂƚĞƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Vulnerability scan results ͻ>ĂĐŬŽĨƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –EŽĮƌĞǁĂůů –EŽĂŶƟͲǀŝƌƵƐ –EŽĂŶƟͲƐƉǇǁĂƌĞ ͻDŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ –KƉĞŶƐŚĂƌĞƐ –'ƵĞƐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻZĞĂůǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ –ƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇŶĞǁĞƌŽŶĞƐ –KĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůůǇƚŚĞŽůĚŽŶĞƐ WĞŶĞƚƌĂƟŽŶƚĞƐƟŶŐ ͻWĞŶƚĞƐƚͲ^ŝŵƵůĂƚĞĂŶĂƩĂĐŬ ͻ^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƐĐĂŶŶŝŶŐ –ǆĐĞƉƚǁĞĂĐƚƵĂůůǇƚƌǇƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚƚŚĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ͻKŌĞŶĂĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ –ZĞŐƵůĂƌƉĞŶĞƚƌĂƟŽŶƚĞƐƟŶŐďǇĂϯƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇ ͻEĂƟŽŶĂů/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĂŶĚdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ͻdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů'ƵŝĚĞƚŽ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻdĞƐƟŶŐĂŶĚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ –ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŵĞƐƐĞƌ͘ůŝŶŬͬϴϬϬϭϭϱ;W&ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϭͲZŝƐŬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Posture assessment ͻzŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚƚƌƵƐƚĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ͛ƐĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ –zK;ƌŝŶŐzŽƵƌKǁŶĞǀŝĐĞͿ –DĂůǁĂƌĞŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶƐͬŵŝƐƐŝŶŐĂŶƟͲŵĂůǁĂƌĞ –hŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻĞĨŽƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŚĞĂůƚŚĐŚĞĐŬ –/ƐŝƚĂƚƌƵƐƚĞĚĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍ –/ƐŝƚƌƵŶŶŝŶŐĂŶƟͲǀŝƌƵƐ͍tŚŝĐŚŽŶĞ͍/ƐŝƚƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ͍ –ƌĞƚŚĞĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ͍ –/ƐŝƚĂŵŽďŝůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍/ƐƚŚĞĚŝƐŬĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ͍ –dŚĞƚǇƉĞŽĨĚĞǀŝĐĞĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŵĂƩĞƌͲtŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕DĂĐ͕ >ŝŶƵǆ͕ŝK^͕ŶĚƌŽŝĚ Failing your assessment ͻtŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐǁŚĞŶĂƉŽƐƚƵƌĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĨĂŝůƐ͍ –dŽŽĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐƚŽĂůůŽǁĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻYƵĂƌĂŶƟŶĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕ŶŽƟĨǇĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ –:ƵƐƚĞŶŽƵŐŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĮǆƚŚĞŝƐƐƵĞ ͻKŶĐĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ͕ƚƌǇĂŐĂŝŶͲDĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĮǆĞƐ ZŝƐŬĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĂƐƐĞƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚďĞĂīĞĐƚĞĚďǇĂŶĂƩĂĐŬ –ĞĮŶĞƚŚĞƌŝƐŬĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚĂƐƐĞƚ –,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ͕ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌĚĂƚĂ͕ŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚƌĞĂƚƐͲ>ŽƐƐŽĨĚĂƚĂ͕ĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞƌŝƐŬͲ,ŝŐŚ͕ŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ŽƌůŽǁƌŝƐŬ ͻWƌŽĐĞƐƐĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚͲDĂŬĞĨƵƚƵƌĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƉůĂŶƐ Vendors ͻǀĞƌǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬƐǁŝƚŚǀĞŶĚŽƌƐ –WĂǇƌŽůů͕ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĞŵĂŝůŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ͕ƚƌĂǀĞů͕ƌĂǁŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ͻ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŵƉĂŶǇĚĂƚĂŝƐŽŌĞŶƐŚĂƌĞĚ –DĂǇďĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌĐůŽƵĚͲďĂƐĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂƌŝƐŬĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ –ĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞƌŝƐŬďǇǀĞŶĚŽƌĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƌŝƐŬ ͻhƐĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐĨŽƌĐůĞĂƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ –DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐƚŚĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐ –hƐĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƚŽĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĂƐĞĐƵƌĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ SIEM ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǀĞŶƚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ –>ŽŐŐŝŶŐŽĨƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĞǀĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂůĞƌƚƐ –ZĞĂůͲƟŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ>ŽŐĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ –hƐƵĂůůǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ͻĂƚĂĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶ –>ŝŶŬĚŝǀĞƌƐĞĚĂƚĂƚǇƉĞƐ ͻ&ŽƌĞŶƐŝĐĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ –'ĂƚŚĞƌĚĞƚĂŝůƐĂŌĞƌĂŶĞǀĞŶƚ 'ĞƫŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ ͻ^ĞŶƐŽƌƐĂŶĚůŽŐƐ –KƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –EĞƚ&ůŽǁƐĞŶƐŽƌƐ ͻ^ĞŶƐŝƟǀŝƚǇƐĞƫŶŐƐ –ĂƐǇƚŽďĞŽǀĞƌǁŚĞůŵĞĚǁŝƚŚĚĂƚĂ –^ŽŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐƵŶŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ –/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂů͕tĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕hƌŐĞŶƚ Viewing the data ͻdƌĞŶĚƐ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ –ĂƐŝůǇǀŝĞǁĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĂƩĂĐŬŵĞƚƌŝĐƐ ͻůĞƌƚƐ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĞǀĞŶƚ –sŝĞǁƌĂǁĚĂƚĂ –sŝƐƵĂůŝǌĞƚŚĞůŽŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶ –ŽŵďŝŶĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĂƌĞ –sŝĞǁĚĂƚĂŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐ ϰ͘ϮͲĞŶŝĂůŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ Denial of service ͻ&ŽƌĐĞĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƚŽĨĂŝů –KǀĞƌůŽĂĚƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ͻdĂŬĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĂĚĞƐŝŐŶĨĂŝůƵƌĞŽƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –<ĞĞƉǇŽƵƌƐǇƐƚĞŵƐƉĂƚĐŚĞĚ͊ ͻĂƵƐĞĂƐǇƐƚĞŵƚŽďĞƵŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –ŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ͻƌĞĂƚĞĂƐŵŽŬĞƐĐƌĞĞŶĨŽƌƐŽŵĞŽƚŚĞƌĞǆƉůŽŝƚ –WƌĞĐƵƌƐŽƌƚŽĂE^ƐƉŽŽĮŶŐĂƩĂĐŬ ͻŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞƚŽďĞĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚ –dƵƌŶŽīƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC A “friendly” DoS ͻhŶŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůŽ^ŝŶŐ –/ƚ͛ƐŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĂŶĞ͛ĞƌͲĚŽͲǁĞůů ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽ^ –>ĂǇĞƌϮůŽŽƉǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ^dW ͻĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚŽ^ –ŽǁŶůŽĂĚŝŶŐŵƵůƟͲŐŝŐĂďǇƚĞ>ŝŶƵǆĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ŽǀĞƌĂ^>ůŝŶĞ ͻdŚĞǁĂƚĞƌůŝŶĞďƌĞĂŬƐ –'ĞƚĂŐŽŽĚƐŚŽƉǀĂĐƵƵŵ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϮͲĞŶŝĂůŽĨ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Bots ͻZŽďŽƚƐ –dŚĂƚ͛ƐǇŽƵ ͻKŶĐĞǇŽƵƌŵĂĐŚŝŶĞŝƐŝŶĨĞĐƚĞĚ͕ŝƚďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂďŽƚ –zŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚĞǀĞŶŬŶŽǁ ͻ,ŽǁĚŽĞƐŝƚŐĞƚŽŶǇŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ͍ –dƌŽũĂŶ,ŽƌƐĞ ;/ũƵƐƚƐĂǁĂĨƵŶŶǇǀŝĚĞŽŽĨǇŽƵ͊ůŝĐŬŚĞƌĞ͘Ϳ –zŽƵƌƵŶĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŽƌĐůŝĐŬĂŶĂĚǇŽƵd,Kh',d ǁĂƐůĞŐŝƚ͕ďƵƚ͘͘͘ –K^ŽƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ͻĚĂǇŝŶƚŚĞůŝĨĞŽĨĂďŽƚ –^ŝƚĂƌŽƵŶĚ͘ –ŚĞĐŬŝŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚŽŶƚƌŽů;ΘͿƐĞƌǀĞƌ͘ –tĂŝƚĨŽƌŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐ͘ Botnets ͻŐƌŽƵƉŽĨďŽƚƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ –EŽƚŚŝŶŐŐŽŽĚĐĂŶĐŽŵĞĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐ ͻŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĞŶŝĂůŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ;Ž^Ϳ –dŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨŵĂŶǇ ͻZĞůĂǇƐƉĂŵ͕ƉƌŽǆǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌĂĸĐ͕ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ĐŽŵƉƵƟŶŐƚĂƐŬƐ ͻŽƚŶĞƚƐĂƌĞĨŽƌƐĂůĞ –ZĞŶƚƟŵĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞďŽƚŶĞƚŽǁŶĞƌ –EŽƚĂůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ Stopping the bot ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚƚŚĞŝŶŝƟĂůŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶ –K^ĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƉĂƚĐŚĞƐ –ŶƟͲǀŝƌƵƐͬĂŶƟͲŵĂůǁĂƌĞĂŶĚƵƉĚĂƚĞĚƐŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞƐ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĂŶĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶ –KŶͲĚĞŵĂŶĚƐĐĂŶƐ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů;ΘͿ –ůŽĐŬĂƚƚŚĞĮƌĞǁĂůů –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĂƚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚĂŚŽƐƚͲďĂƐĞĚĮƌĞǁĂůů ŽƌŚŽƐƚͲďĂƐĞĚ/W^ ϰ͘ϮͲKŶͲƉĂƚŚƩĂĐŬƐ KŶͲƉĂƚŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂƩĂĐŬ ͻ,ŽǁĐĂŶĂŶĂƩĂĐŬĞƌǁĂƚĐŚǁŝƚŚŽƵƚǇŽƵŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ͍ –&ŽƌŵĞƌůǇŬŶŽǁŶĂƐŵĂŶͲŝŶͲƚŚĞͲŵŝĚĚůĞ ͻZĞĚŝƌĞĐƚƐǇŽƵƌƚƌĂĸĐ –dŚĞŶƉĂƐƐĞƐŝƚŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ –zŽƵŶĞǀĞƌŬŶŽǁǇŽƵƌƚƌĂĸĐǁĂƐƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ ͻZWƉŽŝƐŽŶŝŶŐ –ZWŚĂƐŶŽƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ –KŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬŽŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂů/WƐƵďŶĞƚ DNS poisoning ͻDŽĚŝĨǇƚŚĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƐŽŵĞĐƌĂŌǇŚĂĐŬŝŶŐ ͻDŽĚŝĨǇƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚŚŽƐƚĮůĞ –dŚĞŚŽƐƚĮůĞƚĂŬĞƐƉƌĞĐĞĚĞŶƚŽǀĞƌE^ƋƵĞƌŝĞƐ ͻ^ĞŶĚĂĨĂŬĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽĂǀĂůŝĚE^ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůƌĞƋƵĞƐƚŽƌƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ –ZĞĂůͲƟŵĞƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ –dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŽŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬ KƚŚĞƌŽŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬƐ ͻ'ĞƚŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǀŝĞǁŽƌ ĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –^ĞƐƐŝŽŶŚŝũĂĐŬŝŶŐ –,ddW^ƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –tŝͲ&ŝĞĂǀĞƐĚƌŽƉƉŝŶŐ ͻŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĮǆĞƐŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ –zŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚĐŚĂŶŐĞǁŚĂƚǇŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚƐĞĞ ϰ͘ϮͲs>E,ŽƉƉŝŶŐ VLAN hopping ͻĞĮŶĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚs>EƐ ͻzŽƵŽŶůǇŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽǇŽƵƌs>E –'ŽŽĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ͻ͞,ŽƉ͟ƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌs>EͲƚŚŝƐƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚŚĂƉƉĞŶ ͻdǁŽƉƌŝŵĂƌǇŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ –^ǁŝƚĐŚƐƉŽŽĮŶŐĂŶĚĚŽƵďůĞƚĂŐŐŝŶŐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ^ǁŝƚĐŚƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ ͻ^ŽŵĞƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ –/ƐƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚƉŽƌƚĨŽƌĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ͕ŽƌŝƐŝƚĂƚƌƵŶŬ͍ ͻdŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ –WƌĞƚĞŶĚƚŽďĞĂƐǁŝƚĐŚ –^ĞŶĚƚƌƵŶŬŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶ ͻEŽǁǇŽƵ͛ǀĞŐŽƚĂƚƌƵŶŬůŝŶŬƚŽĂƐǁŝƚĐŚ –^ĞŶĚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĨƌŽŵĂŶǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚs>E ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚĚŝƐĂďůĞƚƌƵŶŬŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƚƌƵŶŬŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐĂŶĚ ĚĞǀŝĐĞͬĂĐĐĞƐƐŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϮͲs>E,ŽƉƉŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Double tagging ͻƌĂŌĂƉĂĐŬĞƚƚŚĂƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚǁŽs>EƚĂŐƐ –dĂŬĞƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ͞ŶĂƟǀĞ͟s>EĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻdŚĞĮƌƐƚŶĂƟǀĞs>EƚĂŐŝƐƌĞŵŽǀĞĚďǇƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƐǁŝƚĐŚ –dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚ͞ĨĂŬĞ͟ƚĂŐŝƐŶŽǁǀŝƐŝďůĞƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƐǁŝƚĐŚ –WĂĐŬĞƚŝƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƚĂƌŐĞƚ 2 ͻdŚŝƐŝƐĂŽŶĞͲǁĂǇƚƌŝƉ –ZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞĂǁĂǇďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŚŽƐƚ ͻŽŶ͛ƚƉƵƚĂŶǇĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞŶĂƟǀĞs>E –ŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞŶĂƟǀĞs>E/ –&ŽƌĐĞƚĂŐŐŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟǀĞs>E The first switch removes the VLAN 10 tag, leaving the VLAN 20 tag to be processed by the next switch Ethernet Header 802.1Q Tag: VLAN 20 Data 3 The second switch removes the final VLAN tag and directs the traffic to the VLAN 20 Trunk (VLANs 10 and 20) Na1ve VLAN is 10 A"acker Vic1m on VLAN 10 Ethernet Header 1 802.1Q Tag: 802.1Q Tag: VLAN 10 VLAN 20 on VLAN 20 Data Ethernet Header Data A"acker sends a specially craHed frame containing two VLAN tags ϰ͘ϮͲ^ƉŽŽĮŶŐ ^ƉŽŽĮŶŐ ͻWƌĞƚĞŶĚƚŽďĞƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĂƌĞŶ͛ƚ –&ĂŬĞǁĞďƐĞƌǀĞƌ͕ĨĂŬĞE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻŵĂŝůĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –dŚĞƐĞŶĚŝŶŐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨĂŶĞŵĂŝůŝƐŶ͛ƚƌĞĂůůǇƚŚĞƐĞŶĚĞƌ ͻĂůůĞƌ/ƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –dŚĞŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐĐĂůůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇĨĂŬĞ ͻKŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬƐ –dŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌĞƚĞŶĚƐƚŽďĞďŽƚŚĞŶĚƉŽŝŶƚƐ DƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ ͻzŽƵƌƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĚĞǀŝĐĞŚĂƐĂDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ƵŶŝƋƵĞďƵƌŶĞĚͲŝŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –DŽƐƚĚƌŝǀĞƌƐĂůůŽǁǇŽƵƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚŝƐ ͻŚĂŶŐŝŶŐƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐĂŶďĞůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ –/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌĞǆƉĞĐƚƐĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ĞƌƚĂŝŶĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ/ƚŵŝŐŚƚŶŽƚďĞůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ –ŝƌĐƵŵǀĞŶƚDͲďĂƐĞĚ>Ɛ –&ĂŬĞͲŽƵƚĂǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĮůƚĞƌ ͻsĞƌǇĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĚĞƚĞĐƚ –,ŽǁĚŽǇŽƵŬŶŽǁŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC /WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ ͻdĂŬĞƐŽŵĞŽŶĞĞůƐĞ͛Ɛ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ĐƚƵĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ –WƌĞƚĞŶĚƚŽďĞƐŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĂƌĞŶŽƚ ͻĂŶďĞůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ –>ŽĂĚďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ –>ŽĂĚƚĞƐƟŶŐ ͻDĂǇŶŽƚďĞůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ –ZWƉŽŝƐŽŶŝŶŐ –E^ĂŵƉůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶͬŽ^ ͻĂƐŝĞƌƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĂŶDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –ƉƉůǇƌƵůĞƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŶǀĂůŝĚƚƌĂĸĐ͕ ĞŶĂďůĞƐǁŝƚĐŚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϮͲZŽŐƵĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ZŽŐƵĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚďǇĂŶŽŶͲĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƐĞƌǀĞƌ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝŶ,W ͻůŝĞŶƚŝƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚĂŶŝŶǀĂůŝĚŽƌĚƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ŶŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ͻŝƐĂďůĞƌŽŐƵĞ,WĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –ŶĂďůĞ,WƐŶŽŽƉŝŶŐŽŶǇŽƵƌƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŝŶĐƟǀĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ ͻŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞƌŽŐƵĞ –ZĞŶĞǁƚŚĞ/WůĞĂƐĞƐ ZŽŐƵĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻŶƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –DĂǇďĞĂĚĚĞĚďǇĂŶĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞŽƌĂŶĂƩĂĐŬĞƌ –EŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇŵĂůŝĐŝŽƵƐ –ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůďĂĐŬĚŽŽƌ ͻsĞƌǇĞĂƐǇƚŽƉůƵŐŝŶĂǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐW –KƌĞŶĂďůĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŝŶǇŽƵƌK^ ͻ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞĂƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐƐƵƌǀĞǇ –tĂůŬĂƌŽƵŶĚǇŽƵƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐͬĐĂŵƉƵƐ –hƐĞƚŚŝƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇƚŽŽůƐͬtŝ&ŝWŝŶĞĂƉƉůĞ ͻŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƵƐŝŶŐϴϬϮ͘ϭy;EĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůͿ –zŽƵŵƵƐƚĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞ͕ƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨ ƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƚǇƉĞ Wireless evil twins ͻ>ŽŽŬƐůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ͕ďƵƚĂĐƚƵĂůůǇŵĂůŝĐŝŽƵƐ –dŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨƉŚŝƐŚŝŶŐ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƚŽůŽŽŬůŝŬĞĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –^ĂŵĞ;ŽƌƐŝŵŝůĂƌͿ^^/ĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ƐĞƫŶŐƐͬĐĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂů ͻKǀĞƌƉŽǁĞƌƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –DĂǇŶŽƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ͻtŝ&ŝŚŽƚƐƉŽƚƐ;ĂŶĚƵƐĞƌƐͿĂƌĞĞĂƐǇƚŽĨŽŽů –ŶĚƚŚĞǇ͛ƌĞǁŝĚĞŽƉĞŶ ͻzŽƵĞŶĐƌǇƉƚǇŽƵƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƌŝŐŚƚ͍ –hƐĞ,ddW^ĂŶĚĂsWEWƵďůŝĐĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ ƉƵďůŝĐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ϰ͘ϮͲDĂůǁĂƌĞĂŶĚZĂŶƐŽŵǁĂƌĞ Malware ͻDĂůŝĐŝŽƵƐƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –dŚĞƐĞĐĂŶďĞǀĞƌǇďĂĚ ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –<ĞǇƐƚƌŽŬĞƐ ͻWĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶĂŐƌŽƵƉ –ŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞ͚ŶĞƚ ͻ^ŚŽǁǇŽƵĂĚǀĞƌƟƐŝŶŐ –ŝŐŵŽŶĞǇ ͻsŝƌƵƐĞƐĂŶĚǁŽƌŵƐ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚǇŽƵƌĚĂƚĂ –ZƵŝŶǇŽƵƌĚĂǇ Malware Types and Methods ͻsŝƌƵƐĞƐ ͻƌǇƉƚŽͲŵĂůǁĂƌĞ ͻZĂŶƐŽŵǁĂƌĞ ͻtŽƌŵƐ ͻdƌŽũĂŶ,ŽƌƐĞ ͻZŽŽƚŬŝƚ ͻ<ĞǇůŽŐŐĞƌ ͻĚǁĂƌĞͬ^ƉǇǁĂƌĞ ͻŽƚŶĞƚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC How you get malware ͻdŚĞƐĞĂůůǁŽƌŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ –ǁŽƌŵƚĂŬĞƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĂǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ –/ŶƐƚĂůůƐŵĂůǁĂƌĞƚŚĂƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂƌĞŵŽƚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐďĂĐŬĚŽŽƌ –ŽƚŵĂǇďĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚůĂƚĞƌ ͻzŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŵƵƐƚƌƵŶĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ –ŵĂŝůůŝŶŬͲŽŶ͛ƚĐůŝĐŬůŝŶŬƐ –tĞďƉĂŐĞƉŽƉͲƵƉ –ƌŝǀĞͲďǇĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚ –tŽƌŵ ͻzŽƵƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŝƐǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ –KƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵͲ<ĞĞƉǇŽƵƌK^ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ͊ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐͲŚĞĐŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ ZĂŶƐŽŵǁĂƌĞ ͻƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇŶĂƐƚǇŵĂůǁĂƌĞ –zŽƵƌĚĂƚĂŝƐƵŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƵŶƟůǇŽƵƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĐĂƐŚ ͻDĂůǁĂƌĞĞŶĐƌǇƉƚƐǇŽƵƌĚĂƚĂĮůĞƐ –WŝĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ŵƵƐŝĐ͕ŵŽǀŝĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –zŽƵƌK^ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –dŚĞǇǁĂŶƚǇŽƵƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ͕ďƵƚŶŽƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ͻzŽƵŵƵƐƚƉĂǇƚŚĞďĂĚŐƵǇƐƚŽŽďƚĂŝŶƚŚĞĚĞĐƌǇƉƟŽŶŬĞǇ –hŶƚƌĂĐĞĂďůĞƉĂǇŵĞŶƚƐǇƐƚĞŵ –ŶƵŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞƵƐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐͲŬĞǇĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϱϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϮͲWĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƩĂĐŬƐ Plaintext / unencrypted passwords ͻ^ŽŵĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƐƚŽƌĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ͞ŝŶƚŚĞĐůĞĂƌ͟ –EŽĞŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶ͘zŽƵĐĂŶƌĞĂĚƚŚĞƐƚŽƌĞĚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚ͘ –dŚŝƐŝƐƌĂƌĞ͕ƚŚĂŶŬĨƵůůǇ ͻŽŶŽƚƐƚŽƌĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĂƐƉůĂŝŶƚĞǆƚ –ŶǇŽŶĞǁŝƚŚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĮůĞŽƌĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŚĂƐĞǀĞƌǇĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂů ͻtŚĂƚƚŽĚŽŝĨǇŽƵƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞƐ ƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĂƐƉůĂŝŶƚĞǆƚ͗ –'ĞƚĂďĞƩĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ Linux Account Hashes Hashing a password ͻ,ĂƐŚĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĚĂƚĂĂƐĂĮǆĞĚͲůĞŶŐƚŚƐƚƌŝŶŐŽĨƚĞǆƚ –ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞĚŝŐĞƐƚ͕Žƌ͞ĮŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚ͟ ͻtŝůůŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶ;ŚŽƉĞĨƵůůǇͿ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚŝŶƉƵƚƐǁŝůůŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞŚĂƐŚ ͻKŶĞͲǁĂǇƚƌŝƉ –/ŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚŝŐĞƐƚ –ĐŽŵŵŽŶǁĂǇƚŽƐƚŽƌĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ dŚĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĮůĞ ͻŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂĐƌŽƐƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ –ŝīĞƌĞŶƚŚĂƐŚĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ Jumper Bay:1001::42e2f19c31c9ff73cb97eb1b26c10f54::: Carter:1007::cf4eb977a6859c76efd21f5094ecf77d::: Jackson:1008::e1f757d9cdc06690509e04b5446317d2::: O’Neill:1009::78a8c423faedd2f002c6aef69a0ac1af::: Teal’c:1010::bf84666c81974686e50d300bc36aea01::: Brute force ͻdƌǇĞǀĞƌǇƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ƵŶƟůƚŚĞŚĂƐŚŝƐŵĂƚĐŚĞĚ ͻdŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚƚĂŬĞƐŽŵĞƟŵĞ –ƐƚƌŽŶŐŚĂƐŚŝŶŐĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐůŽǁƐƚŚŝŶŐƐĚŽǁŶ ͻƌƵƚĞĨŽƌĐĞĂƩĂĐŬƐͲKŶůŝŶĞ –<ĞĞƉƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽŐŝŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –sĞƌǇƐůŽǁ –DŽƐƚĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐǁŝůůůŽĐŬŽƵƚĂŌĞƌĂŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨĨĂŝůĞĚĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ͻƌƵƚĞĨŽƌĐĞƚŚĞŚĂƐŚͲKŋŝŶĞ –KďƚĂŝŶƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨƵƐĞƌƐĂŶĚŚĂƐŚĞƐ –ĂůĐƵůĂƚĞĂƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚŚĂƐŚ͕ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞŝƚƚŽĂƐƚŽƌĞĚŚĂƐŚ –>ĂƌŐĞĐŽŵƉƵƚĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚ ŝĐƟŽŶĂƌǇĂƩĂĐŬƐ ͻhƐĞĂĚŝĐƟŽŶĂƌǇƚŽĮŶĚĐŽŵŵŽŶǁŽƌĚƐ –WĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĂƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇŚƵŵĂŶƐ ͻDĂŶǇĐŽŵŵŽŶǁŽƌĚůŝƐƚƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŽŶƚŚĞ͚ŶĞƚ –^ŽŵĞĂƌĞĐƵƐƚŽŵŝǌĞĚďǇůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŽƌůŝŶĞŽĨǁŽƌŬ ͻdŚĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĐƌĂĐŬĞƌƐĐĂŶƐƵďƐƟƚƵƚĞůĞƩĞƌƐ –ƉΘƐƐǁϬƌĚ ͻdŚŝƐƚĂŬĞƐƟŵĞ –ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĐƌĂĐŬŝŶŐĂŶĚ'WhĐƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŝƐĐŽŵŵŽŶ ͻŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĨŽƌĐŽŵŵŽŶǁŽƌĚƐ –dŚŝƐǁŽŶ͛ƚĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƌĂŶĚŽŵĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ ϰ͘ϮͲĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ It started as a normal day ͻ^ƵƌĮŶŐĂůŽŶŐŽŶǇŽƵƌǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŶĚƚŚĞŶǇŽƵ͛ƌĞŶŽƚ ͻŶĚƚŚĞŶŝƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐĂŐĂŝŶ –ŶĚĂŐĂŝŶ ͻzŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞĂďůĞƚŽƐƚŽƉŝƚ –dŚĞƌĞ͛Ɛ;ĂůŵŽƐƚͿŶŽƚŚŝŶŐǇŽƵĐĂŶĚŽ –dŝŵĞƚŽŐĞƚĂůŽŶŐƉĂƚĐŚĐĂďůĞ ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐĚŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ –ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ ĚĞŶŝĂůŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ;Ž^ͿĂƩĂĐŬ 802.11 management frames ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ –&ƌĂŵĞƐƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐǁŽƌŬ –zŽƵŶĞǀĞƌƐĞĞƚŚĞŵ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƌƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ –,ŽǁƚŽĮŶĚĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ŵĂŶĂŐĞYŽ^͕ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞͬĚŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞǁŝƚŚĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻKƌŝŐŝŶĂůǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĚŝĚŶŽƚĂĚĚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĨƌĂŵĞƐ –^ĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞĐůĞĂƌ –EŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽƌǀĂůŝĚĂƟŽŶ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĚŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ͻ/ŚĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁͲ:ƵůǇϮϬϭϰ ͻ^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĨƌĂŵĞƐ ĂƌĞĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ –ŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ͕ĚĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞ͕ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐǁŝƚĐŚĂŶŶŽƵŶĐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻEŽƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝƐĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ –ĞĂĐŽŶƐ͕ƉƌŽďĞƐ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭϭǁŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ –dŚŝƐǁŝůůƌŽůůŽƵƚŐŽŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϮͲ^ŽĐŝĂůŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ Phishing ͻ^ŽĐŝĂůĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƵĐŚŽĨƐƉŽŽĮŶŐ –KŌĞŶĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚďǇĞŵĂŝů͕ƚĞǆƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –sĞƌǇƌĞŵĂƌŬĂďůĞǁŚĞŶǁĞůůĚŽŶĞ ͻŽŶ͛ƚďĞĨŽŽůĞĚ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞhZ>͕ĂŶĚĚŽŶ͛ƚĐůŝĐŬůŝŶŬƐŝŶĞŵĂŝůŽƌƚĞǆƚ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐŶŽƚƋƵŝƚĞƌŝŐŚƚ –^ƉĞůůŝŶŐ͕ĨŽŶƚƐ͕ŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƐ dƌŝĐŬƐĂŶĚŵŝƐĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ ͻ,ŽǁĂƌĞƚŚĞǇƐŽƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͍ –ŝŐŝƚĂůƐůŝŐŚƚŽĨŚĂŶĚͲŝƚĨŽŽůƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚŽĨƵƐ ͻdǇƉŽƐƋƵĂƫŶŐ –ƚǇƉĞŽĨhZ>ŚŝũĂĐŬŝŶŐͲŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŵĞƐƐŽƌ͘ĐŽŵ –WƌĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŵĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ ͻWƌĞƚĞǆƟŶŐ –>ǇŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –ƩĂĐŬĞƌŝƐĂĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝŶĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƚŚĞǇĐƌĞĂƚĞ –,ŝ͕ǁĞ͛ƌĞĐĂůůŝŶŐĨƌŽŵsŝƐĂƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĂŶĂƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚ ƉĂǇŵĞŶƚƚŽǇŽƵƌƵƟůŝƚǇƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͙ dĂŝůŐĂƟŶŐĂŶĚƉŝŐŐǇďĂĐŬŝŶŐ ͻdĂŝůŐĂƟŶŐƵƐĞƐĂŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽŐĂŝŶ ƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ –dŚĞĂƩĂĐŬĞƌĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĐŽŶƐĞŶƚ –^ŶĞĂŬƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚǁŚĞŶŶŽďŽĚǇŝƐůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ͻWŝŐŐǇďĂĐŬŝŶŐĨŽůůŽǁƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐŐŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞŶƚ –,ŽůĚƚŚĞĚŽŽƌ͕ŵǇŚĂŶĚƐĂƌĞĨƵůůŽĨĚŽŶƵƚďŽǆĞƐ –^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐǇŽƵƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚďĞƉŽůŝƚĞ ͻKŶĐĞŝŶƐŝĚĞ͕ƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐůŝƩůĞƚŽƐƚŽƉǇŽƵ –DŽƐƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐƚŽƉƐĂƚƚŚĞďŽƌĚĞƌ tĂƚĐŚŝŶŐĨŽƌƚĂŝůŐĂƟŶŐ ͻWŽůŝĐǇĨŽƌǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ –zŽƵƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂďůĞƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇĂŶǇŽŶĞ ͻKŶĞƐĐĂŶ͕ŽŶĞƉĞƌƐŽŶ –ŵĂƩĞƌŽĨƉŽůŝĐǇŽƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂůůǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůsĞƐƟďƵůĞͬŝƌůŽĐŬ –zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞĂĐŚŽŝĐĞ ͻŽŶ͛ƚďĞĂĨƌĂŝĚƚŽĂƐŬ –tŚŽĂƌĞǇŽƵĂŶĚǁŚǇĂƌĞǇŽƵŚĞƌĞ͍ ^ŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐƵƌĮŶŐ ͻzŽƵŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –DĂŶǇƉĞŽƉůĞǁĂŶƚƚŽƐĞĞ –ƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͕ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĞƐƉŝŽŶĂŐĞ͕ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐůǇĞĂƐǇ –ŝƌƉŽƌƚƐͬ&ůŝŐŚƚƐ –,ĂůůǁĂǇͲĨĂĐŝŶŐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƐ –ŽīĞĞƐŚŽƉƐ ͻ^ƵƌĨĨƌŽŵĂĨĂƌ –ŝŶŽĐƵůĂƌƐͬdĞůĞƐĐŽƉĞƐ –ĂƐǇŝŶƚŚĞďŝŐĐŝƚǇ –tĞďĐĂŵŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ WƌĞǀĞŶƟŶŐƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐƵƌĮŶŐ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůǇŽƵƌŝŶƉƵƚ –ĞĂǁĂƌĞŽĨǇŽƵƌƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐ ͻhƐĞƉƌŝǀĂĐǇĮůƚĞƌƐ –/ƚ͛ƐĂŵĂǌŝŶŐŚŽǁǁĞůůƚŚĞǇǁŽƌŬ ͻ<ĞĞƉǇŽƵƌŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŽƵƚŽĨƐŝŐŚƚ –ǁĂǇĨƌŽŵǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂŶĚŚĂůůǁĂǇƐ ͻŽŶ͛ƚƐŝƚŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨŵĞŽŶǇŽƵƌŇŝŐŚƚ –/ĐĂŶ͛ƚŚĞůƉŵǇƐĞůĨ ϰ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ,ĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ Secure SNMP ͻ^ŝŵƉůĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽů –DŽŶŝƚŽƌĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ĮƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ –ÊDWǀϭĂŶĚÊDWǀϮĚŽŶŽƚĞŶĐƌǇƉƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌĂĸĐ ͻÊDWǀϯ –sĞƌƐŝŽŶϯĂĚĚĞĚĞŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –EŽƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚÊDWǀϯ –hƐĞŝƚĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĐĂŶ ZŽƵƚĞƌĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ;ZͿŐƵĂƌĚ ͻ/WǀϲŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐƌŽƵƚĞƌĂŶŶŽƵŶĐĞŵĞŶƚƐ –ƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻƌŽŐƵĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĐŽƵůĚƉƌĞƚĞŶĚƚŽďĞĂƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ŽƵůĚďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂŶŽŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬ͕ĚĞŶŝĂůŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĐĂŶǀĂůŝĚĂƚĞƚŚĞZŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐĚĞĮŶĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƚŽĐŚĞĐŬƚŚĞZŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Port security ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƵƐĞƌƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŽĂƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ůĞƌƚŽƌĚŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞƉŽƌƚ ͻĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ǀĞŶŝĨĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞ ͻĂĐŚƉŽƌƚŚĂƐŝƚƐŽǁŶĐŽŶĮŐ –hŶŝƋƵĞƌƵůĞƐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ WŽƌƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŵĂǆŝŵƵŵŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐŽƵƌĐĞD ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐŽŶĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –zŽƵĚĞĐŝĚĞŚŽǁŵĂŶǇŝƐƚŽŽŵĂŶǇ –zŽƵĐĂŶĂůƐŽĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ͻdŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƐƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞ DĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –DĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƐŽƵƌĐĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻKŶĐĞǇŽƵĞǆĐĞĞĚƚŚĞŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ͕ ƉŽƌƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂĐƟǀĂƚĞƐ –ĞĨĂƵůƚŝƐƚŽĚŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ,ĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ DHCP snooping ͻ/WƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŽŶĂůĂǇĞƌϮĚĞǀŝĐĞ;ƐǁŝƚĐŚͿ –dŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŝƐĂ,WĮƌĞǁĂůů –dƌƵƐƚĞĚ͗ZŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ –hŶƚƌƵƐƚĞĚ͗KƚŚĞƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƵŶŽĸĐŝĂů,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚǁĂƚĐŚĞƐĨŽƌ,WĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐ –ĚĚƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨƵŶƚƌƵƐƚĞĚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƚŽĂƚĂďůĞ ͻ&ŝůƚĞƌƐŝŶǀĂůŝĚ/WĂŶĚ,WŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ –^ƚĂƟĐ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ĞǀŝĐĞƐĂĐƟŶŐĂƐ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻKƚŚĞƌŝŶǀĂůŝĚƚƌĂĸĐƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ ǇŶĂŵŝĐZWŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶ;/Ϳ ͻZWŝƐƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů –ŶĚŚĂƐŶŽďƵŝůƚͲŝŶƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ͻWƌĞǀĞŶƚƚŚŽƐĞŶĂƐƚǇŽŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬƐ –^ƚŽƉƐZWƉŽŝƐŽŶŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚůĞǀĞů ͻZĞůŝĞƐŽŶ,WƐŶŽŽƉŝŶŐĨŽƌŝŶƚĞů –<ŶŽǁŝŶŐĞǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞ͛Ɛ/WĐĂŶďĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĐĞƉƚĂůůZWƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ –/ŶǀĂůŝĚ/WͲƚŽͲDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐďŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĂƌĞĚƌŽƉƉĞĚ –KŶůǇǀĂůŝĚƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐŵĂŬĞŝƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Control plane policing ͻŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞŵĂŶĂŐĞƐƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –ĂƚĂƉůĂŶĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ͻWƌŽƚĞĐƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŽ^ŽƌƌĞĐŽŶŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞ –ĞĮŶĞƐĂYŽ^ĮůƚĞƌƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞ –ŽŶƚƌŽůƉĂĐŬĞƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ͻDĂŶĂŐĞƚƌĂĸĐ –WƌŝŽƌŝƟǌĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƚƌĂĸĐ –ůŽĐŬƵŶŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĐŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞƚƌĂĸĐƚǇƉĞƐ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ŶŽŶͲ^^,Ϳ –ZĂƚĞůŝŵŝƚƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐ Private VLANs ͻWŽƌƚŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ –ZĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ –ǀĞŶǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇ͛ƌĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞs>E ͻzŽƵŵŝŐŚƚĂůƌĞĂĚǇďĞƵƐŝŶŐƉƌŝǀĂƚĞs>EƐ –zŽƵƌŚŽŵĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĐĂŶ͛ƚĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŚŽŵĞ –,ŽƚĞůƌŽŽŵĂĐĐĞƐƐŝƐůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Disabling unused interfaces ͻŶĂďůĞĚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƉŽƌƚƐ –ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƌŽŽŵƐ –ƌĞĂŬƌŽŽŵƐ ͻĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞůǇĚŝƐĂďůĞƵŶƵƐĞĚƉŽƌƚƐ –DŽƌĞƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ͕ďƵƚŵŽƌĞƐĞĐƵƌĞ ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽů;EͿ –ϴϬϮ͘ϭyĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐ –zŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƵŶůĞƐƐǇŽƵĂƌĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞĚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Disable unnecessary ports and services ͻǀĞƌǇŽƉĞŶƉŽƌƚŝƐĂƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĞŶƚƌǇƉŽŝŶƚ –ůŽƐĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐĞǆĐĞƉƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƉŽƌƚƐ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůĂĐĐĞƐƐǁŝƚŚĂĮƌĞǁĂůů –E'&tǁŽƵůĚďĞŝĚĞĂů ͻhŶƵƐĞĚŽƌƵŶŬŶŽǁŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ –/ŶƐƚĂůůĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞK^ŽƌĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚďƌŽĂĚƉŽƌƚƌĂŶŐĞƐ –KƉĞŶƉŽƌƚϬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϲϱ͕ϱϯϱ ͻhƐĞEŵĂƉŽƌƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉŽƌƚƐĐĂŶŶĞƌƚŽǀĞƌŝĨǇ –KŶŐŽŝŶŐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐĚĞĨĂƵůƚĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐ ͻDŽƐƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŚĂǀĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚƵƐĞƌŶĂŵĞƐĂŶĚƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ –ŚĂŶŐĞǇŽƵƌƐ͊ ͻdŚĞƌŝŐŚƚĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĨƵůůĐŽŶƚƌŽů –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻsĞƌǇĞĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚƐĨŽƌǇŽƵƌWŽƌƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƌŽƵƚĞƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ͘ĐŽŵ Password complexity and length ͻDĂŬĞǇŽƵƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐƚƌŽŶŐ –ZĞƐŝƐƚŐƵĞƐƐŝŶŐŽƌďƌƵƚĞͲĨŽƌĐĞĂƩĂĐŬ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚĞŶƚƌŽƉǇ –EŽƐŝŶŐůĞǁŽƌĚƐ͕ŶŽŽďǀŝŽƵƐƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐ –tŚĂƚ͛ƐƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨǇŽƵƌĚŽŐ͍ –DŝǆƵƉƉĞƌĂŶĚůŽǁĞƌĐĂƐĞĂŶĚƵƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ –ŽŶ͛ƚƌĞƉůĂĐĞĂŽǁŝƚŚĂϬ͕ƚǁŝƚŚĂϳ ͻ^ƚƌŽŶŐĞƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƐĂƌĞĂƚůĞĂƐƚϴĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐ –ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƉŚƌĂƐĞŽƌƐĞƚŽĨǁŽƌĚƐ – Change default VLAN ͻůůĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽƌƚƐ;ŶŽŶͲƚƌƵŶŬƉŽƌƚƐͿĂƌĞĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽĂs>E –tŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶǇĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ϴϬϮ͘ϭyͿ͕ĂŶǇŽŶĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐǁŝůůďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚs>E ͻdŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚs>EŵŝŐŚƚĂůƐŽďĞƵƐĞĚďǇĚĞĨĂƵůƚĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůƉůĂŶĞĂĐĐĞƐƐͬŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ –ŽŶ͛ƚƉƵƚƵƐĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚs>E –ŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚs>EƚŽƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ͻƐƐŝŐŶƵŶƵƐĞĚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐƚŽĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŶŽŶͲƌŽƵƚĂďůĞ͕ŶŽŶͲ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐs>E –͞ĚĞĂĚͲĞŶĚ͟Žƌ͞ŝŵƉĂƐƐĞ͟s>E hƉŐƌĂĚŝŶŐĮƌŵǁĂƌĞ ͻDĂŶǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĚŽŶŽƚƵƐĞĂƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵ –ůůƵƉĚĂƚĞƐĂƌĞŵĂĚĞƚŽĮƌŵǁĂƌĞ ͻdŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĞǆŝƐƚƐĨŽƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ –hƉŐƌĂĚĞƚŚĞĮƌŵǁĂƌĞƚŽĂŶŽŶͲǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ͻWůĂŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ –ůǁĂǇƐŚĂǀĞĂƌŽůůďĂĐŬƉůĂŶ –^ĂǀĞƚŚŽƐĞĮƌŵǁĂƌĞďŝŶĂƌŝĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϯͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬ,ĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Patch management ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĚŝďůǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ –^ǇƐƚĞŵƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ –^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĮǆĞƐ ͻ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƉĂĐŬƐ –ůůĂƚŽŶĐĞ ͻDŽŶƚŚůǇƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ –/ŶĐƌĞŵĞŶƚĂů;ĂŶĚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚͿ ͻŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇŽƵƚͲŽĨͲďĂŶĚƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ –ĞƌŽͲĚĂǇĂŶĚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ ZŽůĞͲďĂƐĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻEŽƚĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŽĂƐǁŝƚĐŚŽƌƌŽƵƚĞƌŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŚĞƐĂŵĞůĞǀĞůŽĨĂĐĐĞƐƐ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ͕ŚĞůƉĚĞƐŬ͕ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕W/ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻDĂŶǇĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂůůŽǁƚŚĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƌŽůĞƐ –ZŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĂƌĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƌŽůĞ –ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐĐĂŶĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĂŶĚƌĞďŽŽƚƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –,ĞůƉĚĞƐŬĐĂŶǀŝĞǁƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ –W/ĂĐĐĞƐƐĐĂŶ͛ƚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞůǇůŽŐŝŶͬ^^, Access control lists (ACLs) ͻůůŽǁŽƌĚŝƐĂůůŽǁƚƌĂĸĐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚƵƉůĞƐ –'ƌŽƵƉŝŶŐƐŽĨĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ –^ŽƵƌĐĞ/W͕ĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ/W͕ƉŽƌƚŶƵŵďĞƌ͕ƟŵĞŽĨĚĂǇ͕ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻZĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –>ŝŵŝƚďǇ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽƌŽƚŚĞƌŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌ –WƌĞǀĞŶƚƌĞŐƵůĂƌƵƐĞƌͬŶŽŶͲĂĚŵŝŶĂĐĐĞƐƐ ͻĞĐĂƌĞĨƵůǁŚĞŶĐŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞ –zŽƵĐĂŶĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚĂůůǇůŽĐŬǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨŽƵƚ Firewall rules ͻDĂŶĂŐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĮƌĞǁĂůů –ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŽƉƟŽŶƐͲhƐĞƌŶĂŵĞ͕sWE͕D& ͻDŽƐƚĮƌĞǁĂůůƌƵůĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŶŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚĚĞŶǇ –/ĨƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚƌƵůĞ͕ƚŚĞŶƚƌĂĸĐŝƐďůŽĐŬĞĚ –dŚĞƐĞŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚĚĞŶǇƌƵůĞƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚƵƐƵĂůůǇůŽŐŐĞĚ ͻ^ŽŵĞĮƌĞǁĂůůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐǁŝůůĂĚĚĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚĚĞŶǇƌƵůĞƐ –ŶǇƚŚŝŶŐĚĞŶŝĞĚďǇĂƌƵůĞŝƐůŽŐŐĞĚďǇĚĞĨĂƵůƚ –ĂŶďĞƵƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐƌĞĐŽŶŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞ ŽƌĂĐĐĞƐƐĂƩĞŵƉƚƐ ϰ͘ϯͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ DĮůƚĞƌŝŶŐ ͻDĞĚŝĂĐĐĞƐƐŽŶƚƌŽůͲ –dŚĞ͞ŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ͟ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ͻ>ŝŵŝƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –<ĞĞƉƐƚŚĞŶĞŝŐŚďŽƌƐŽƵƚ –ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ ͻĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ>EĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ –DĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĐĂŶďĞƐƉŽŽĨĞĚ –&ƌĞĞŽƉĞŶͲƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽďƐĐƵƌŝƚǇ –/ĨǇŽƵŬŶŽǁƚŚĞŵĞƚŚŽĚ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶĞĂƐŝůǇĚĞĨĞĂƚŝƚ Antenna placement ͻ&ŽĐƵƐĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞƚŽƚŚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇǁŽƌŬĂƌĞĂƐ –>ŝŵŝƚĂĐĐĞƐƐĨƌŽŵŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ͻĚũƵƐƚƉŽǁĞƌůĞǀĞůƐ –ŽŶƚƌŽůĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚ ͻDĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŽŵĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐŝƚĞƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ –tĂůŬĂƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŽƉƟŵŝǌĞƚŚĞĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ tŝƌĞůĞƐƐŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐĐůŝĞŶƚŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ –tŝƌĞůĞƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŽŶĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚĐĂŶ͛ƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ –hƐĞĨƵůŝŶĂŚŽƚĞůŽƌƉƵďůŝĐĂƌĞĂ –DĂǇŶŽƚďĞƵƐĞĨƵůĂƚǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚƉĞĞƌͲƚŽͲƉĞĞƌ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻ'ƵĞƐƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞŐƵĞƐƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –dŚŝƐŝƐĂůŵŽƐƚĂůǁĂǇƐƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Wireless security modes ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞƚŚĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽŶǇŽƵƌ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚͬǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƌŽƵƚĞƌ ͻKƉĞŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵͲEŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ͻtWϮͬϯͲWĞƌƐŽŶĂůͬtWͲW^< –tWϮŽƌtWϯǁŝƚŚĂƉƌĞͲƐŚĂƌĞĚŬĞǇ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞƵƐĞƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞϮϱϲͲďŝƚŬĞǇ ͻtWϮͬϯͲŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞͬtWϮͬϯͲϴϬϮ͘ϭy –ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞƐƵƐĞƌƐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůǇǁŝƚŚĂŶ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘Z/h^͕>WͿ EAP ͻW;ǆƚĞŶƐŝďůĞƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –ŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ͻDĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐƚŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶ Z&ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ –tWϮĂŶĚtWϯƵƐĞĮǀĞWƚǇƉĞƐĂƐ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ ͻ^ŽŵĞǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨWŝƐƵƐĞĚǁŚĞŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŽŵŵŽŶƚŽŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞŽŶǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ƵƐŝŶŐϴϬϮ͘ϭy Geofencing ͻ^ŽŵĞDDƐĂůůŽǁĨŽƌŐĞŽĨĞŶĐŝŶŐ –ZĞƐƚƌŝĐƚŽƌĂůůŽǁĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐŝŶ ĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĂƌĞĂ ͻĂŵĞƌĂƐ –dŚĞĐĂŵĞƌĂŵŝŐŚƚŽŶůǇǁŽƌŬǁŚĞŶŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞŽĸĐĞ ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –KŶůǇĂůůŽǁůŽŐŝŶƐǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĂ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĂƌĞĂ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϯͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂů ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŽŵŵŽŶŽŶǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻĐĐĞƐƐƚĂďůĞƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƐĂůĂĐŬŽĨĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –ZĞĚŝƌĞĐƚƐǇŽƵƌǁĞďĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂĐĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂůƉĂŐĞ ͻhƐĞƌŶĂŵĞͬƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚ –ŶĚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ͻKŶĐĞƉƌŽƉĞƌĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ͕ƚŚĞǁĞď ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ –hŶƟůƚŚĞĐĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂůƌĞŵŽǀĞƐǇŽƵƌĂĐĐĞƐƐ IoT security ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŽĨdŚŝŶŐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –^ŵĂƌƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͕ĂƉƉůŝĂŶĐĞƐ͕ŐĂƌĂŐĞĚŽŽƌƐ͕ĚŽŽƌůŽĐŬƐ͕ ůŝŐŚƚƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝƐƉƌŽďĂďůǇŶŽƚƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇĨŽĐƵƐ –/ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐ͕ŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚĂĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶĂƚĂůů ͻ/ŽdĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐĞŐŵĞŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –<ĞĞƉǇŽƵƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚƐƚŽƌĂŐĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĂǁĂǇ ĨƌŽŵ/ŽdĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –/ĨĂŶ/ŽdĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐďƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ͕ǇŽƵƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂŝƐ ŶŽƚĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ ͻhƐĞĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞs>E –DĂŶǇŚŽŵĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂ͞ŐƵĞƐƚ͟ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –dŚŝƐŝƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚŚĂŶƚŚĞDŽƌƐĐƌĞĞŶĞĚͲƐƵďŶĞƚ ϰ͘ϰͲZĞŵŽƚĞĐĐĞƐƐ ͻDĂŶǇĚĞƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ –^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŌǁĂƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚŽƉƟŽŶƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻhƐĞĚǁŝƚŚĐůŝĞŶƚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞK^ VPNs ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůWƌŝǀĂƚĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ –ŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚ;ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞͿĚĂƚĂƚƌĂǀĞƌƐŝŶŐĂƉƵďůŝĐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŽƌ –ŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶͬĚĞĐƌǇƉƟŽŶĂĐĐĞƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞ –KŌĞŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂĮƌĞǁĂůů Site-to-Site VPNs ͻŶĐƌǇƉƚƚƌĂĸĐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐŝƚĞƐ –dŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻhƐĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –EŽĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƐŽƌĐŽƐƚƐ Host-to-Site VPNs ͻůƐŽĐĂůůĞĚ ͞ƌĞŵŽƚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐsWE͟ ͻZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ŽŶƚŚĞƵƐĞƌĚĞǀŝĐĞ –DĂǇďĞďƵŝůƚͲŝŶƚŽ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ Internet Corporate Network VPN/Appliance Corporate Network Clientless VPNs ͻ,ǇƉĞƌƚĞǆƚDĂƌŬƵƉ>ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞǀĞƌƐŝŽŶϱ –dŚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇƵƐĞĚŝŶǁĞďďƌŽǁƐĞƌƐ ͻ/ŶĐůƵĚĞƐĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞW/ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵŝŶŐ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –tĞďĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇW/ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Remote Site VPN/Appliance Internet VPN Concentrator Remote User ͻƌĞĂƚĞĂsWEƚƵŶŶĞůǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞsWE ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ –EŽƚŚŝŶŐƚŽŝŶƐƚĂůů ͻhƐĞĂŶ,dD>ϱĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶƚďƌŽǁƐĞƌ –ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇƚŽƚŚĞsWEĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚŽƌ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϰͲZĞŵŽƚĞĐĐĞƐƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ ZĞŵŽƚĞĚĞƐŬƚŽƉĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻ^ŚĂƌĞĂĚĞƐŬƚŽƉĨƌŽŵĂƌĞŵŽƚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –/ƚ͛ƐůŝŬĞǇŽƵ͛ƌĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŚĞƌĞ ͻZW;DŝĐƌŽƐŽŌZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –ůŝĞŶƚƐĨŽƌDĂĐK^͕>ŝŶƵǆ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐĂƐǁĞůů ͻsE;sŝƌƚƵĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬŽŵƉƵƟŶŐͿ –ZĞŵŽƚĞ&ƌĂŵĞƵīĞƌ;Z&ͿƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů –ůŝĞŶƚƐĨŽƌŵĂŶǇŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –DĂŶǇĂƌĞŽƉĞŶƐŽƵƌĐĞ ͻŽŵŵŽŶůǇƵƐĞĚĨŽƌƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ –ŶĚĨŽƌƐĐĂŵŵĞƌƐ ZĞŵŽƚĞĚĞƐŬƚŽƉŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ ͻŽŵďŝŶĞĂsWEǁŝƚŚDŝĐƌŽƐŽŌZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉ –^ĞĐƵƌĞůǇĂĐĐĞƐƐZWƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ͻůŝĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉ'ĂƚĞǁĂǇ –^ĞĐƵƌĞ^^>ƚƵŶŶĞů –DĂŶǇĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŽƉƟŽŶƐ ͻZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉ'ĂƚĞǁĂǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůůǇƚŽ ZWƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŽǀĞƌƚĐƉͬϯϯϴϵ –EŽƐƉĞĐŝĂůĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ –'ĂƚĞǁĂǇŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŽǆǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ –^^>ƚƵŶŶĞůĂŶĚƚŚĞZĞŵŽƚĞĞƐŬƚŽƉƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů SSH (Secure Shell) ͻŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚĐŽŶƐŽůĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶͲƚĐƉͬϮϮ ͻ>ŽŽŬƐĂŶĚĂĐƚƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐdĞůŶĞƚͲƚĐƉͬϮϯ Cloud-hosted virtual desktops ͻǀŝƌƚƵĂůĚĞƐŬƚŽƉŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ;s/ͿŝŶƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚ –hƐĞƌƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽĂƉƌĞͲďƵŝůƚĚĞƐŬƚŽƉ ͻĐĐĞƐƐĨƌŽŵĂůŵŽƐƚĂŶǇK^ –tŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕DĂĐK^͕>ŝŶƵǆ͕ŝK^͕ŚƌŽŵĞďŽŽŬ͕ǁĞďďƌŽǁƐĞƌ ͻsŝƌƚƵĂůE/ –ůůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĚĞƐŬƚŽƉĂƌĞůŽĐĂůƚŽ ƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵĂůĚĞƐŬƚŽƉ –EŽƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůŽĐĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞ ƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĂƟŽŶ ͻϮϬϬϴƵŶƟůDĂǇϮϬϭϭͲ^ƵďǁĂǇ^ĂŶĚǁŝĐŚĞƐ –ϮϬϬůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞďƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ –WŽŝŶƚŽĨƐĂůĞƐǇƐƚĞŵƐǁĞƌĞĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞŵŽƚĞ ĚĞƐŬƚŽƉƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ –ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬĐƌĞĚŝƚĐĂƌĚƐ͕ŵŝůůŝŽŶƐŽĨĚŽůůĂƌƐŽĨ ƵŶĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝƐƐƵĞƐ –ĞĨĂƵůƚĐƌĞĚĞŶƟĂůƐĂŶĚďƌƵƚĞĨŽƌĐĞĂƩĂĐŬƐ –ZĞŵŽƚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐDKZƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ŶŽƚůĞƐƐ ͻKŶĐĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ͕ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĂƟŽŶŝƐŬĞǇ –ĐĐĞƐƐƌŝŐŚƚƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚ Out-of-band management ͻdŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝƐŶ͛ƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –KƌƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐŶ͛ƚĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻDŽƐƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐŚĂǀĞĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –hƐƵĂůůǇĂƐĞƌŝĂůĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶͬh^ ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚĂŵŽĚĞŵ –ŝĂůͲŝŶƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻŽŶƐŽůĞƌŽƵƚĞƌͬĐŽŵŵƐĞƌǀĞƌ –KƵƚͲŽĨͲďĂŶĚĂĐĐĞƐƐĨŽƌŵƵůƟƉůĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶƐŽůĞƌŽƵƚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞŶĐŚŽŽƐĞ ǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵǁĂŶƚƚŽŐŽ ϰ͘ϱͲWŚǇƐŝĐĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ Video surveillance ͻds;ůŽƐĞĚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶͿ –ĂŶƌĞƉůĂĐĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŐƵĂƌĚƐ ͻĂŵĞƌĂƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ –&ŽĐĂůůĞŶŐƚŚͲ^ŚŽƌƚĞƌŝƐǁŝĚĞƌĂŶŐůĞ –ĞƉƚŚŽĨĮĞůĚͲ,ŽǁŵƵĐŚŝƐŝŶĨŽĐƵƐ –/ůůƵŵŝŶĂƟŽŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐͲ^ĞĞŝŶƚŚĞĚĂƌŬ ͻKŌĞŶŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ –EĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ ͻDŽƟŽŶĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ –ZĂĚŝŽƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽƌƉĂƐƐŝǀĞŝŶĨƌĂƌĞĚ –hƐĞĨƵůŝŶĂƌĞĂƐŶŽƚŽŌĞŶŝŶƵƐĞ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Asset tracking tags ͻƌĞĐŽƌĚŽĨĞǀĞƌǇĂƐƐĞƚ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ƐǁŝƚĐŚĞƐ͕ĐĂďůĞƐ͕ĮďĞƌŵŽĚƵůĞƐ͕^hͬ^hƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ&ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂůƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ͕ĂƵĚŝƚƐ͕ĚĞƉƌĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ –DĂŬĞͬŵŽĚĞů͕ĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚĂƚĞ͕ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻdĂŐƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƚ –ĂƌĐŽĚĞ͕Z&/͕ǀŝƐŝďůĞƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌ dĂŵƉĞƌĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ ͻzŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚǁĂƚĐŚĂůůŽĨǇŽƵƌĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞ –,ĂǀĞǇŽƵƌƐǇƐƚĞŵƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ͻ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞƚĂŵƉĞƌŝŶŐ –ĂƐĞƐĞŶƐŽƌƐ͕ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇĐĂƐĞƌĞŵŽǀĂů –ůĂƌŵƐĞŶƚĨƌŽŵ/K^ –&ŝƌĞǁĂůůƐ͕ƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ&ŽŝůĂƐƐĞƚƚĂŐƐ –dĂŵƉĞƌŶŽƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϰ͘ϱͲWŚǇƐŝĐĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Employee training ͻKŶĞŽŶŽŶĞͲWĞƌƐŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ͻWŽƐƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐŝŐŶƐͲ,ŝŐŚǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ͻ>ŽŐŝŶŵĞƐƐĂŐĞͲdŚĞƐĞďĞĐŽŵĞŝŶǀŝƐŝďůĞ ͻ/ŶƚƌĂŶĞƚƉĂŐĞͲůǁĂǇƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ͻKŶŐŽŝŶŐƵƉĚĂƚĞƐͲ<ĞĞƉĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŽŶƚŚĞŝƌƚŽĞƐ Access control hardware ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞ –WƵƌƉŽƐĞͲďƵŝůƚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ͻ'ĂƚĞƐ͕ůŽĐŬƐ͕ĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞƚŽŚĂŶĚůĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ͻKŌĞŶŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚ –ZĞĂůͲƟŵĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌĐĂŵĞƌĂƐĂŶĚƐĞŶƐŽƌƐ Badge readers ͻůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐͲ<ĞǇůĞƐƐ͕W/E ͻEŽŬĞǇƐƚŽůŽƐĞͲEŽůŽĐŬƐƚŽƌĞͲŬĞǇ ͻĞŶƚƌĂůůǇŵĂŶĂŐĞĚͲ/ŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽů Biometrics ͻŝŽŵĞƚƌŝĐĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –&ŝŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚ͕ŝƌŝƐ͕ǀŽŝĐĞƉƌŝŶƚ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇƐƚŽƌĞƐĂŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨǇŽƵƌďŝŽŵĞƚƌŝĐƐ –zŽƵƌĂĐƚƵĂůĮŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚŝƐŶ͛ƚƵƐƵĂůůǇƐĂǀĞĚ ͻŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞ –zŽƵĐĂŶĐŚĂŶŐĞǇŽƵƌƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚ –zŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚĐŚĂŶŐĞǇŽƵƌĮŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶǀĞƌǇƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐͲEŽƚĨŽŽůƉƌŽŽĨ ĐĐĞƐƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůǀĞƐƟďƵůĞƐ ͻůůĚŽŽƌƐŶŽƌŵĂůůǇƵŶůŽĐŬĞĚ –KƉĞŶŝŶŐŽŶĞĚŽŽƌĐĂƵƐĞƐŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŽůŽĐŬ ͻůůĚŽŽƌƐŶŽƌŵĂůůǇůŽĐŬĞĚ –hŶůŽĐŬŝŶŐŽŶĞĚŽŽƌƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐŽƚŚĞƌƐĨƌŽŵ ďĞŝŶŐƵŶůŽĐŬĞĚ ͻKŶĞĚŽŽƌŽƉĞŶͬŽƚŚĞƌůŽĐŬĞĚ –tŚĞŶŽŶĞŝƐŽƉĞŶ͕ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞƵŶůŽĐŬĞĚ ͻKŶĞĂƚĂƟŵĞ͕ĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚŐƌŽƵƉƐ –DĂŶĂŐĞĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĂƌĞĂ Locking cabinets ͻĂƚĂĐĞŶƚĞƌŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŝƐƵƐƵĂůůǇŵĂŶĂŐĞĚďǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŐƌŽƵƉƐ –ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇůŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽǁŶĞƌ ͻZĂĐŬƐĐĂŶďĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌͲ^ŝĚĞͲƚŽͲƐŝĚĞƐ ͻŶĐůŽƐĞĚĐĂďŝŶĞƚƐǁŝƚŚůŽĐŬƐ –sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶŽŶĨƌŽŶƚ͕ďĂĐŬ͕ƚŽƉ͕ĂŶĚďŽƩŽŵ Smart lockers ͻ^ĂĨĞĂŶĚĂƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇĂŶĚƉŝĐŬƵƉ –^ĂǀĞƟŵĞĂŶĚƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƚŚĞŌ ͻWĂĐŬĂŐĞƐĂƌĞĚĞůŝǀĞƌĞĚƚŽĂƐŵĂƌƚůŽĐŬĞƌ –ZĞĐŝƉŝĞŶƚŝƐƐĞŶƚĂŶĞŵĂŝůͬƚĞǆƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐ –hƐĞĂW/EŽƌŵŽďŝůĞĂƉƉƚŽƵŶůŽĐŬ ͻ&ĂƐƚ͕ĐŽŶǀĞŶŝĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌĞ –EŽŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ͕ĞĂƐǇƚŽƚƌĂĐŬ͕ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞƐƐͲĨƌĞĞ ĂƚĂĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĂƐĂŶŝƟǌĂƟŽŶ ͻŝƐƉŽƐĂůďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂůĞŐĂůŝƐƐƵĞ –^ŽŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŵƵƐƚŶŽƚďĞĚĞƐƚƌŽǇĞĚ –ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŽīƐŝƚĞƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ ͻzŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚǁĂŶƚĐƌŝƟĐĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂƐŚ –WĞŽƉůĞƌĞĂůůǇĚŽĚƵŵƉƐƚĞƌĚŝǀĞ –ZĞĐǇĐůŝŶŐĐĂŶďĞĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ –WŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇĚĞƐƚƌŽǇƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĂ ͻZĞƵƐĞƚŚĞƐƚŽƌĂŐĞŵĞĚŝĂ –^ĂŶŝƟǌĞƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĂĨŽƌƌĞƵƐĞ –ŶƐƵƌĞŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŝƐůĞŌďĞŚŝŶĚ ^ĂŶŝƟǌŝŶŐŵĞĚŝĂ ͻ&ĂĐƚŽƌǇƌĞƐĞƚ –ĞůĞƚĞĚĂƚĂĂŶĚƌĞƚƵƌŶĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĞĨĂƵůƚ –dŚĞŶĞǆƚƵƐĞƌŐĞƚƐĂĨƌĞƐŚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻtŝƉĞĚĂƚĂ –hŶƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĂďůĞƌĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨĚĂƚĂŽŶĂƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –hƐƵĂůůǇŽǀĞƌǁƌŝƚĞƐƚŚĞĚĂƚĂƐƚŽƌĂŐĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ –hƐĞĨƵůǁŚĞŶǇŽƵŶĞĞĚƚŽƌĞƵƐĞŽƌĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĂ ϱ͘ϭͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐDĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ Uh%oh.% It's%broken! Not%fixed% yet! Evaluate% Results:%Is%it% working? Verify%Full%System% Func@onality% © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Iden@fy%the Problem Yes! Establish%a% Theory Test%the%Theory Establish%a Plan%of%Ac@on Implement the%Plan Document% Findings It%works!%Yay! ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ ͻ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐ͕ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƐǇŵƉƚŽŵƐ͕ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƵƐĞƌƐ ͻƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨƉƌŽďĂďůĞĐĂƵƐĞ ͻdĞƐƚƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌǇƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĐĂƵƐĞ ͻƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƉůĂŶŽĨĂĐƟŽŶƚŽƌĞƐŽůǀĞƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ ĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĞīĞĐƚƐ ͻ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶŽƌĞƐĐĂůĂƚĞĂƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ ͻsĞƌŝĨǇĨƵůůƐǇƐƚĞŵĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚ͕ŝĨĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ͕ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĂƟǀĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ͻŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ͕ĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϮͲĂďůĞŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Using the right cable ͻ^ƉĞĞĚͬďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ –dŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůŵĂǆŝŵƵŵĚĂƚĂƌĂƚĞ –hƐƵĂůůǇŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ –dŚĞƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉŝƉĞ ͻdŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ –ŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚŝŶĂŐŝǀĞŶƟŵĞĨƌĂŵĞ –hƐƵĂůůǇŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶďŝƚƐƉĞƌƐĞĐŽŶĚ –,ŽǁŵƵĐŚǁĂƚĞƌŝƐŇŽǁŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉŝƉĞ ͻŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –<ŶŽǁƚŚĞŵĂǆŝŵƵŵĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –sĂƌŝĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĐŽƉƉĞƌ͕ĮďĞƌ͕ƌĞƉĞĂƚĞƌƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘ Unshielded and shielded cable ͻďďƌĞǀŝĂƟŽŶƐ –hсhŶƐŚŝĞůĚĞĚ͕^сƌĂŝĚĞĚƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐ͕&с&Žŝů ƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐ ͻ;KǀĞƌĂůůĐĂďůĞͿͬ;ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƉĂŝƌƐͿdW –ƌĂŝĚĞĚƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞĐĂďůĞ ĂŶĚĨŽŝůĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞƉĂŝƌƐŝƐ^ͬ&dW –&ŽŝůĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐĂďůĞĂŶĚŶŽƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞƉĂŝƌƐŝƐ&ͬhdW Plenum ͻWůĞŶƵŵƐƉĂĐĞ –ƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŝƌĐŝƌĐƵůĂƟŽŶ –,ĞĂƟŶŐĂŶĚĂŝƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵ ͻŽŶĐĞƌŶƐŝŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨĂĮƌĞ –^ŵŽŬĞĂŶĚƚŽǆŝĐĨƵŵĞƐ ͻtŽƌƐƚͲĐĂƐĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ –/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐĨŽƌĂŶǇƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ Plenum-rated cable ͻdƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐĂďůĞũĂĐŬĞƚ –WŽůǇǀŝŶǇůĐŚůŽƌŝĚĞ;WsͿ ͻ&ŝƌĞͲƌĂƚĞĚĐĂďůĞũĂĐŬĞƚ –&ůƵŽƌŝŶĂƚĞĚĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞƉŽůǇŵĞƌ;&WͿŽƌ ůŽǁͲƐŵŽŬĞƉŽůǇǀŝŶǇůĐŚůŽƌŝĚĞ;WsͿ ͻWůĞŶƵŵͲƌĂƚĞĚĐĂďůĞŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞĂƐŇĞǆŝďůĞ –DĂǇŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞďĞŶĚƌĂĚŝƵƐ Serial console cables ͻͲƐƵďŵŝŶŝĂƚƵƌĞŽƌͲƐƵď –dŚĞůĞƩĞƌƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐŝǌĞ ͻŽŵŵŽŶůǇƵƐĞĚĨŽƌZ^ͲϮϯϮ –ZĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚϮϯϮ –ŶŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŝŶĐĞϭϵϲϵ ͻ^ĞƌŝĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –ƵŝůƚĨŽƌŵŽĚĞŵĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –hƐĞĚĨŽƌŵŽĚĞŵƐ͕ƉƌŝŶƚĞƌƐ͕ ŵŝĐĞ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ͻEŽǁƵƐĞĚĂƐĂĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƉŽƌƚ ͞ZŽůůŽǀĞƌ͟ĐĂďůĞ ͻZŽůůĞĚĐĂďůĞ͕ŝƐĐŽĐŽŶƐŽůĞĐĂďůĞ͕ –zŽƐƚĐĂďůĞ –^ĞƌŝĂůĐĂďůĞ͞ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ͟ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚďǇĂǀĞzŽƐƚ ͻƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĨŽƌZ:ͲϰϱƚŽƐĞƌŝĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ͻhƐĞĚŝŶĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƐĞƌŝĂůƉŽƌƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ Ethernet cross-over cables ͻŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƵƐŝŶŐĂƐǁŝƚĐŚ –hƐĞǇŽƵƌĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĐĂďůĞ ͻĂŶďĞĂŐŽŽĚĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƚŽĂĐŽŶƐŽůĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –zŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐĞƌŝĂůĐĂďůĞŽƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌ ͻůǁĂǇƐĐĂƌƌǇĂĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĐĂďůĞ –KƌĂŶĂĚĂƉƚĞƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ Power over Ethernet (PoE) ͻWŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŽŶĂŶƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĐĂďůĞ –KŶĞǁŝƌĞĨŽƌďŽƚŚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚǇ –WŚŽŶĞƐ͕ĐĂŵĞƌĂƐ͕ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –hƐĞĨƵůŝŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚͲƚŽͲƉŽǁĞƌĂƌĞĂƐ ͻWŽǁĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ƵŝůƚͲŝŶƉŽǁĞƌͲŶĚƐƉĂŶƐ –/ŶͲůŝŶĞƉŽǁĞƌŝŶũĞĐƚŽƌͲDŝĚƐƉĂŶƐ ͻWŽǁĞƌŵŽĚĞƐ –DŽĚĞͲŽŵŵŽŶͲŵŽĚĞĚĂƚĂƉĂŝƌƉŽǁĞƌ –DŽĚĞͲWŽǁĞƌŽŶƚŚĞƐƉĂƌĞƉĂŝƌ –ϰͲƉĂŝƌͲWŽǁĞƌŽŶĂůůĨŽƵƌĚĂƚĂƉĂŝƌ PoE, PoE+, PoE++ ͻWŽ͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯĂĨͲϮϬϬϯ –dŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůWŽƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ –EŽǁƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϯƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –ϭϱ͘ϰǁĂƩƐƉŽǁĞƌ͕ϯϱϬŵŵĂǆĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ͻWŽн͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯĂƚͲϮϬϬϵ –EŽǁĂůƐŽƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϯƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ –Ϯϱ͘ϱǁĂƩƐƉŽǁĞƌ͕ϲϬϬŵŵĂǆĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ͻWŽнн͗/ϴϬϮ͘ϯďƚͲϮϬϭϴ –ϱϭt;dǇƉĞϯͿ͕ϲϬϬŵŵĂǆĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ –ϳϭ͘ϯt;dǇƉĞϰͿ͕ϵϲϬŵŵĂǆĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ –WŽǁŝƚŚϭϬ'^Ͳd DB-25 connector ͲϵĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϳ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϮͲĂďůĞŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ TIA 568B Crossover Cable for 1000BASE-T Yost%Serial%Device%Wiring%Standard%“Rollover” 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 ϱ͘ϮͲtŝƌĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ƩĞŶƵĂƟŽŶ ͻhƐƵĂůůǇŐƌĂĚƵĂů –^ŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĚŝŵŝŶŝƐŚĞƐŽǀĞƌĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –>ŽƐƐŽĨŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇĂƐƐŝŐŶĂůŵŽǀĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŵĞĚŝƵŵ ͻůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐŽƉƉĞƌ͕ůŝŐŚƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĮďĞƌ –ZĂĚŝŽǁĂǀĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĂŝƌ Decibels (dB) ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƌĂƟŽŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ –KŶĞͲƚĞŶƚŚŽĨĂďĞů –ĂƉŝƚĂůĨŽƌůĞǆĂŶĚĞƌ'ƌĂŚĂŵĞůů ͻ>ŽŐĂƌŝƚŚŵŝĐƐĐĂůĞ –ĚĚĂŶĚƐƵďƚƌĂĐƚůŽƐƐĞƐĂŶĚŐĂŝŶƐ ͻϯĚсϮǆƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů ͻϭϬĚсϭϬǆƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů ͻϮϬĚсϭϬϬǆƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů ͻϯϬĚďсϭϬϬϬǆƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů dB loss symptoms ͻEŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –EŽƐŝŐŶĂů͊ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –:ƵƐƚĞŶŽƵŐŚƐŝŐŶĂůƚŽƐǇŶĐƚŚĞůŝŶŬ ͻWŽŽƌƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ –^ŝŐŶĂůƚŽŽǁĞĂŬ –ZĞƌƌŽƌƐ͕ĚĂƚĂĐŽƌƌƵƉƟŽŶ ͻdĞƐƚĞĂĐŚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ –dĞƐƚĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƐŝŐŶĂůůŽƐƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Avoiding EMI and interference ͻůĞĐƚƌŽŵĂŐŶĞƟĐŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻĂďůĞŚĂŶĚůŝŶŐ –EŽƚǁŝƐƟŶŐͲĚŽŶ͛ƚƉƵůůŽƌƐƚƌĞƚĐŚ –tĂƚĐŚǇŽƵƌďĞŶĚƌĂĚŝƵƐ –ŽŶ͛ƚƵƐĞƐƚĂƉůĞƐ͕ǁĂƚĐŚǇŽƵƌĐĂďůĞƟĞƐ ͻD/ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞǁŝƚŚĐŽƉƉĞƌĐĂďůĞƐ –ǀŽŝĚƉŽǁĞƌĐŽƌĚƐ͕ŇƵŽƌĞƐĐĞŶƚůŝŐŚƚƐ͕ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ĂŶĚĮƌĞƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ͻdĞƐƚĂŌĞƌŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ –zŽƵĐĂŶĮŶĚŵŽƐƚŽĨǇŽƵƌƉƌŽďůĞŵƐďĞĨŽƌĞƵƐĞ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐƉŝŶͲŽƵƚƐ ͻĂďůĞƐĐĂŶĨŽƵůƵƉĂƉĞƌĨĞĐƚůǇŐŽŽĚƉůĂŶ –dĞƐƚǇŽƵƌĐĂďůĞƐƉƌŝŽƌƚŽŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ͻDĂŶǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐůŽŽŬĂůŝŬĞ –ŽǇŽƵŚĂǀĞĂŐŽŽĚĐĂďůĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĚĞǀŝĐĞ͍ ͻ'ĞƚĂŐŽŽĚĐĂďůĞƉĞƌƐŽŶͲ/ƚ͛ƐĂŶĂƌƚ Incorrect pin-out ͻEĞĂƌĂŶĚĨĂƌƉŝŶƐŝŶĐĂďůĞƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƐĞĚƚŽďĞ –WŝŶϭŐŽĞƐƚŽƉŝŶϭ͕ƉŝŶϮƚŽƉŝŶϮ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇŝƐƐƵĞƐ –DĂǇĚƌŽƉĨƌŽŵϭŐďŝƚͬƐĞĐƚŽϭϬϬŵďŝƚͬƐĞĐ –DĂǇŶŽƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĂƚĂůů Bad ports ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĞƌƌŽƌƐ –DĂǇŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞďĂĚĐĂďůĞŽƌŚĂƌĚǁĂƌĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ ͻsĞƌŝĨǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ –^ƉĞĞĚ͕ĚƵƉůĞǆ͕s>E͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻsĞƌŝĨǇƚǁŽͲǁĂǇƚƌĂĸĐ –ŶĚͲƚŽͲĞŶĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϴ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϮͲtŝƌĞĚEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ /ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ͻWŽŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚͲsĞƌǇĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ͕ĞĂƐŝůǇƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝďůĞ ͻEŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇͲEŽůŝŶŬůŝŐŚƚ ͻEŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇͲ>ŝŶŬůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚĂĐƟǀŝƚǇůŝŐŚƚ /ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻƵƚŽǀƐ͘DĂŶƵĂůĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ –WĞƌƐŽŶĂůƉƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻ>ŝŐŚƚƐƚĂƚƵƐͲEŽůŝŐŚƚ͕ŶŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻ^ƉĞĞĚͲDƵƐƚďĞŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůŽŶďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐ ͻƵƉůĞǆ –/ĨŵŝƐŵĂƚĐŚĞĚ͕ƐƉĞĞĚǁŝůůƐƵīĞƌ –/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶůĂƚĞĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐ Duplex/speed mismatch ͻ^ƉĞĞĚĂŶĚĚƵƉůĞǆ –^ƉĞĞĚ͗ϭϬͬϭϬϬͬϭ͕ϬϬϬͬƵƚŽ –ƵƉůĞǆ͗,ĂůĨͬ&ƵůůͬƵƚŽ ͻ/ŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚƐƉĞĞĚ –DĂŶǇƐǁŝƚĐŚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐǁŝůůĂƵƚŽͲŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞƐƉĞĞĚ –>ĞƐƐƚŚĂŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ ͻ/ŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĚƵƉůĞǆ –ŐĂŝŶ͕ƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚŵĂǇĂƵƚŽͲŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞ –EĞĞĚƐƚŽŵĂƚĐŚŽŶďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐ –ŵŝƐŵĂƚĐŚǁŝůůĐĂƵƐĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƐůŽǁĚŽǁŶƐ –/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ>ĂƚĞŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐŵĂǇŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂĚƵƉůĞǆ ŵŝƐŵĂƚĐŚ Opens and shorts ͻƐŚŽƌƚĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ –dǁŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƚŽƵĐŚŝŶŐ –tŝƌĞƐŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨĂĐĂďůĞŽƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻŶŽƉĞŶĐŝƌĐƵŝƚ –ďƌĞĂŬŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ͻŽŵƉůĞƚĞŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƟŽŶ –ĂŶďĞŝŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐŽƉĞŶƐĂŶĚƐŚŽƌƚƐ ͻDĂǇďĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĮŶĚ –dŚĞǁŝƌĞŚĂƐƚŽďĞŵŽǀĞĚũƵƐƚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚǁĂǇ –tŝŐŐůĞŝƚŚĞƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞ ͻZĞƉůĂĐĞƚŚĞĐĂďůĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐŚŽƌƚŽƌŽƉĞŶ –ŝĸĐƵůƚŽƌŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽƌĞƉĂŝƌ ͻĚǀĂŶĐĞĚƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐǁŝƚŚĂdZ –dŝŵĞŽŵĂŝŶZĞŇĞĐƚŽŵĞƚĞƌ Incorrect transceivers ͻdƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐŚĂǀĞƚŽŵĂƚĐŚƚŚĞĮďĞƌ –^ŝŶŐůĞŵŽĚĞƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐƚŽƐŝŶŐůĞŵŽĚĞĮďĞƌ ͻdƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŵĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǁĂǀĞůĞŶŐƚŚ –ϴϱϬŶŵ͕ϭϯϭϬŶŵ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻhƐĞƚŚĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚŽƉƟĐĂůĮďĞƌ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞůŝŶŬ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůůŽƐƐͲƌŽƉƉĞĚĨƌĂŵĞƐ͕ŵŝƐƐŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞƐ ZĞǀĞƌƐŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ͻtŝƌŝŶŐŵŝƐƚĂŬĞ –ĂďůĞĞŶĚƐ –WƵŶĐŚĚŽǁŶƐ ͻĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚǁŝƚŚĂǁŝƌĞŵĂƉ –ϭͲϯ͕ϮͲϲ͕ϯͲϭ͕ϲͲϮ –^ŝŵƉůĞƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ͻ^ŽŵĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐǁŝůůĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ ;ƵƚŽͲD/yͿ dyͬZyƌĞǀĞƌƐĂůƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ͻEŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –ƵƚŽͲD/yŵŝŐŚƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ –dƌǇƚƵƌŶŝŶŐŝƚŽŶ ͻ>ŽĐĂƚĞƌĞǀĞƌƐĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ –KŌĞŶĂƚĂƉƵŶĐŚĚŽǁŶ –ŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌƉĂƚĐŚƉĂŶĞů ŝƌƚǇŽƉƟĐĂůĐĂďůĞƐ ͻ>ŝŐŚƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞƐĞĞŶ –&ŝďĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐŵƵƐƚďĞĐůĞĂŶ –ůǁĂǇƐƵƐĞǇŽƵƌĚƵƐƚĐĂƉƐ ͻŝƌƚǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐǁŝůůŝŶŚŝďŝƚŽƌƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –ƩĞŶƵĂƟŽŶĐĂŶƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĚĂƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ͻůĞĂŶƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚůǇďĞĨŽƌĞƵƐŝŶŐ –:ƵƐƚďĞĨŽƌĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ ϱ͘ϮͲ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞdŽŽůƐ Cable crimper ͻ͟WŝŶĐŚ͟ƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌŽŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŝƌĞ ͻdŚĞĮŶĂůƐƚĞƉŽĨĂĐĂďůĞŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶ ͻDĞƚĂůƉƌŽŶŐƐƉƵƐŚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝŶƐƵůĂƟŽŶ Tone generator ͻWƵƚƐĂŶĂŶĂůŽŐƐŽƵŶĚŽŶƚŚĞǁŝƌĞ ͻ/ŶĚƵĐƟǀĞƉƌŽďĞĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŶĞĞĚ ƚŽƚŽƵĐŚƚŚĞĐŽƉƉĞƌ Punch-down Tool ͻ&ŽƌĐĞƐǁŝƌĞŝŶƚŽĂǁŝƌŝŶŐďůŽĐŬ ͻdƌŝŵƐƚŚĞǁŝƌĞƐĂŶĚ ďƌĞĂŬƐƚŚĞŝŶƐƵůĂƟŽŶ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϲϵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) Loopback plug ͻhƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌƚĞƐƟŶŐƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƉŽƌƚƐ ͻ^ĞƌŝĂů͕ƚŚĞƌŶĞƚ͕dϭ͕ĮďĞƌ ͻdŚĞƐĞĂƌĞŶŽƚĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌĐĂďůĞƐ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϮͲ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞdŽŽůƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ dZͬKdZ ͻ;KƉƟĐĂůͿdŝŵĞŽŵĂŝŶZĞŇĞĐƚŽŵĞƚĞƌ ͻƐƟŵĂƚĞĮďĞƌůĞŶŐƚŚƐ͕ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐŝŐŶĂů ůŽƐƐ͕ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞůŝŐŚƚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚĞǁŝƌĞŵĂƉƐ ͻDĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ Light meter ͻ^ĞŶĚĂůŝŐŚƚĨƌŽŵŽŶĞƐŝĚĞ ͻDĞĂƐƵƌĞƚŚĞůŝŐŚƚƉŽǁĞƌŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ DƵůƟŵĞƚĞƌ ͻͬǀŽůƚĂŐĞƐ ͻŽŶƟŶƵŝƚǇ͕ǁŝƌĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ^ƉĞĐƚƌƵŵĂŶĂůǇǌĞƌ ͻsŝĞǁƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ Cable tester ͻŽŶƟŶƵŝƚǇƚĞƐƟŶŐ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƉŝŶƐ͕ĐƌŽƐƐĞĚǁŝƌĞƐ ͻEŽƚƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚƚĞƐƟŶŐ Fusion splicer ͻ:ŽŝŶƚǁŽĮďĞƌĞŶĚƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ͻĚĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ ͻZĞƉĂŝƌĮďĞƌƵƐŝŶŐŚĞĂƚ Taps and port mirrors ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĐĞƉƚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌĂĸĐ ͻWŚǇƐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀĞŽƌƉĂƐƐŝǀĞƚĂƉƐ ͻWŽƌƚŵŝƌƌŽƌĨƌŽŵĂƐǁŝƚĐŚ ϱ͘ϯͲ^ŽŌǁĂƌĞdŽŽůƐ Wireless packet analysis ͻsŝĞǁǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůͲƚŽͲŶŽŝƐĞƌĂƟŽ͕ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ĞƚĐ͘ iPerf ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ͻ^ƉĞĞĚƚĞƐƟŶŐ ͻZƵŶƚĞƐƚƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚK^ĞƐ WƌŽƚŽĐŽůĂŶĂůǇǌĞƌ ͻĂƉƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĚŝƐƉůĂǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƚƌĂĸĐ ͻhƐĞĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůƚĂƉŽƌ ƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƚŽŶƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ NetFlow ͻ'ĂƚŚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ͻ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŵĞƚŚŽĚ ͻWƌŽďĞƐĂŶĚĐŽůůĞĐƚŽƌƐ Speed test sites ͻĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚƚĞƐƟŶŐ ͻWƌĞͲĂŶĚƉŽƐƚͲĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ͻEŽƚĂůůƐŝƚĞƐĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ TFTP server ͻdƌŝǀŝĂů&ŝůĞdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌWƌŽƚŽĐŽů ͻ&ŝůĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ͕ĮƌŵǁĂƌĞƵƉŐƌĂĚĞƐ ͻzŽƵƌĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐƚŚĞd&dWƐĞƌǀĞƌ IP and port scanners ͻ^ĐĂŶĨŽƌŽƉĞŶƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ͻsŝƐƵĂůůǇŵĂƉƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻZŽŐƵĞƐǇƐƚĞŵĚĞƚĞĐƟŽŶ Terminal emulator ͻ^^,;^ĞĐƵƌĞ^ŚĞůůͿ ͻŶĐƌǇƉƚĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĂĐƌŽƐƐŵĂŶǇK^ĞƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϬ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϯͲŽŵŵĂŶĚ>ŝŶĞdŽŽůƐ ping - Test reachability • ping <ip address>ͲdĞƐƚƌĞĂĐŚĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĂdWͬ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ • ping -t <ip address>ͲWŝŶŐƵŶƟůƐƚŽƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚƌůͲĐ • ping -a <ip address>ͲZĞƐŽůǀĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŽĂŚŽƐƚŶĂŵĞ • ping -n <count> <ip address>Ͳ^ĞŶĚηŽĨĞĐŚŽƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ • ping -f <ip address>Ͳ^ĞŶĚǁŝƚŚŽŶ͛ƚ&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚŇĂŐƐĞƚ ŝƉĐŽŶĮŐ͕ŝĨĐŽŶĮŐ͕ŝƉͲsŝĞǁĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞ/WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ • ºͲtŝŶĚŽǁƐdWͬ/WĐŽŶĮŐ • ºŵͲŝƐƉůĂǇĂůů/WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĚĞƚĂŝůƐ • ºŵͲZĞůĞĂƐĞƚŚĞ,WůĞĂƐĞ • ºŵͲZĞŶĞǁƚŚĞ,WůĞĂƐĞ • ºŵ»Ͳ&ůƵƐŚƚŚĞE^ƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌĐĂĐŚĞ • ºͲ>ŝŶƵǆŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ • ip address ͲdŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚ>ŝŶƵǆƵƟůŝƚǇ ŶƐůŽŽŬƵƉĂŶĚĚŝŐͲ>ŽŽŬƵƉŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ • ʳʴ • dig <ip address> ƚƌĂĐĞƌŽƵƚĞͲĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞƌŽƵƚĞĂƉĂĐŬĞƚƚĂŬĞƐƚŽĂĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ ͻdĂŬĞƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨ/DWdŝŵĞƚŽ>ŝǀĞǆĐĞĞĚĞĚĞƌƌŽƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ͻEŽƚĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐǁŝůůƌĞƉůǇǁŝƚŚ/DWdŝŵĞǆĐĞĞĚĞĚŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ • traceroute <ip address> ĂƌƉͲĚĚƌĞƐƐƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ • arp -aͲsŝĞǁƚŚĞůŽĐĂůZWƚĂďůĞ ŶĞƚƐƚĂƚͲŝƐƉůĂǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ • netstat -aͲ^ŚŽǁĂůůĂĐƟǀĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ • netstat -b Ͳ^ŚŽǁďŝŶĂƌŝĞƐ • netstat -nͲŽŶŽƚƌĞƐŽůǀĞŶĂŵĞƐ hostname ͻsŝĞǁƚŚĞ&YEĂŶĚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻtŝŶĚŽǁƐ͕>ŝŶƵǆ͕ŵĂĐK^͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐ • route ͻsŝĞǁƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ͛ƐƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞ –&ŝŶĚŽƵƚǁŚŝĐŚǁĂǇƚŚĞƉĂĐŬĞƚƐǁŝůůŐŽ ͻtŝŶĚŽǁƐ͗route print ͻ>ŝŶƵǆĂŶĚŵĂĐK^͗netstat -r Telnet ͻ>ŽŐŝŶƚŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐƌĞŵŽƚĞůǇ ͻ/ŶͲƚŚĞͲĐůĞĂƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ͻhƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌĐŚĞĐŬŝŶŐĂƉŽƌƚŽƌĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ • ʳʴʳʴ tcpdump ͻĂƉƚƵƌĞƉĂĐŬĞƚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐŽŵŵĂŶĚůŝŶĞ ͻǀĂŝůĂďůĞŝŶŵŽƐƚhŶŝǆͬ>ŝŶƵǆŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞĚǁŝƚŚDĂĐK^y͕ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌtŝŶĚŽǁƐ;tŝŶƵŵƉͿ ͻƉƉůǇĮůƚĞƌƐ͕ǀŝĞǁŝŶƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞ ͻtƌŝƩĞŶŝŶƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƉĐĂƉĨŽƌŵĂƚ Nmap ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬŵĂƉƉĞƌͲĮŶĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ ͻWŽƌƚƐĐĂŶͲ&ŝŶĚĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŽƉĞŶƉŽƌƚƐ ͻKƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶ –ŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞK^ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚůŽŐŐŝŶŐŝŶƚŽĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĐĂŶ ͻĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĐƌŝƉƚƐ –EŵĂƉ^ĐƌŝƉƟŶŐŶŐŝŶĞ;E^Ϳ ĂƐŝĐƉůĂƞŽƌŵĐŽŵŵĂŶĚƐ • –sŝĞǁƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐŽŶĂĚĞǀŝĐĞ –sŝĞǁĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ • º –sŝĞǁƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ • –sŝĞǁƚŚĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞ ϱ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ Wireless performance ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĐĂŶǀĂƌǇ –dŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵŝƐƵŶĨŽƌŐŝǀŝŶŐ –DĂŶǇŵŽƌĞǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐŝŶƉůĂǇ ͻdŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ –dŚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĚĂƚĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻ^ƉĞĞĚ –dŚĞŵĂǆŝŵƵŵďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –/ƐŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇĨĂƐƚĞƌĂƐǇŽƵŐĞƚĐůŽƐĞƌƚŽƚŚĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ –dŚĞƵƐĞƌŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇĐůŽƐĞƚŽƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC Wireless signals ͻZ^^/;ZĞĐĞŝǀĞĚƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŽŶͿ –dŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚŽĨĂƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚƌĂĚŝŽƐŝŐŶĂů ͻDĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶĚĞĐŝďĞůͲŵŝůůŝǁĂƩƐ;ĚŵͿ –dŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĚĞĐŝďĞůƐ;ĚͿǁŝƚŚƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƚŽ ŽŶĞŵŝůůŝǁĂƩ;ŵtͿ ͻ^ŚŽǁŶĂƐĂŶĞŐĂƟǀĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽŶĂůŽŐƐĐĂůĞ –ůŽƐĞƌƚŽǌĞƌŽŝƐďĞƩĞƌ –ͲϱϬĚŵŝƐĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚ –ͲϳϬĚŵŝƐŐŽŽĚ –ͲϴϬĚŵĂŶĚƐŵĂůůĞƌŝƐůŽǁ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϭ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϰͲtŝƌĞůĞƐƐdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Wireless survey tools ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ͻWŽƚĞŶƟĂůŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻƵŝůƚͲŝŶƚŽŽůƐ ͻϯƌĚͲƉĂƌƚǇƚŽŽůƐ ͻ^ƉĞĐƚƌƵŵĂŶĂůǇǌĞƌ Wireless signals ͻ/ZW;īĞĐƟǀĞŝƐŽƚƌŽƉŝĐƌĂĚŝĂƚĞĚƉŽǁĞƌͿ –dŚĞƌĂĚŝĂƚĞĚƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚ –dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚнĂŶƚĞŶŶĂŐĂŝŶͲĐĂďůĞůŽƐƐ ͻ/ŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƉŽǁĞƌŝƐƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞĚ ďǇƚŚĞ&;&ĞĚĞƌĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶͿ –&ŽƌϮ͘ϰ',ǌ͕ŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ/ZWŝƐнϯϲĚŵŽƌϰt –sĂƌŝĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐƵƐĞĚ ͻ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂďůĞŽŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŽǁŶĞƌŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ/ZW KŵŶŝĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶ –/ŶĐůƵĚĞĚŽŶŵŽƐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůŝƐĞǀĞŶůǇĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŽŶĂůůƐŝĚĞƐ –WůĂĐĞƚŚĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞ ͻ'ŽŽĚĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽƌŵŽƐƚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ –zŽƵŶĞĞĚĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞŝŶĂůůĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ͻEŽĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĨŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů –ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂŶƚĞŶŶĂǁŝůůďĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶƚĞŶŶĂƐ ͻ&ŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů –/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ͻ^ĞŶĚĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ –&ŽĐƵƐĞĚƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ ͻŶƚĞŶŶĂƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŝƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŝŶĚ –ŽƵďůĞƉŽǁĞƌĞǀĞƌǇϯĚŽĨŐĂŝŶ ͻzĂŐŝĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –sĞƌǇĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŚŝŐŚŐĂŝŶ ͻWĂƌĂďŽůŝĐĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –&ŽĐƵƐƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂůƚŽĂƐŝŶŐůĞƉŽŝŶƚ ͻKŌĞŶƵƐĞĚƚŽďƌŝĚŐĞĂŐĂƉ –WŽŝŶƚƚŽƉŽŝŶƚ –ŶƚĞŶŶĂƐĂƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĂƚďŽƚŚĞŶĚƐ ŶƚĞŶŶĂĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ͻWŽůĂƌŝǌĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĂŶĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –ZĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ ͻdƌĂŶƐŵŝƫŶŐĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐƉŽůĂƌŝǌĂƟŽŶ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ –/ĨƉŽůĂƌŝǌĂƟŽŶŝƐŽīƐĞƚ͕ŽŶůǇƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶĂůǁŝůůďĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC WĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƟŵĞ ͻĞǀŝĐĞƐŵƵƐƚĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞǁŝƚŚĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –dŚŝƐĐĂŶŽĐĐƵƌŵƵůƟƉůĞƟŵĞƐĂƐĂĚĞǀŝĐĞƌŽĂŵƐ ͻ^ŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚ –ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŝƐĚĞůĂǇĞĚŽƌďůŽĐŬĞĚĚƵĞƚŽůŽǁƐŝŐŶĂů ͻtŝƌĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞƌŝƐƐƵĞ –>ĂƚĞŶĐǇĂŶĚĮƌŵǁĂƌĞŝƐƐƵĞƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƟŵĞ ͻdƌĂĐŬĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƐ –'ĂƚŚĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĐŽŶƐŽůĞŽƌǀŝĂÊDW ŚĂŶŶĞůƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ ͻdŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐǇ –ǀĞƌǇŽŶĞĐĂŶ͛ƚƚĂůŬĂƚŽŶĞƟŵĞ –^ŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽĂǁŝƌĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –dŚĞǇĂůůǁĂŶƚƚŽƚĂůŬ ͻDŽƐƚĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐĐĂŶŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ –ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂŝƌͲƟŵĞ –tŚĞŶǇŽƵŚŝƚϭϬϬй͕ǇŽƵ͛ǀĞƵƐĞĚƵƉĂůůŽĨǇŽƵƌ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƉĂĐĞ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ ͻŝƐĂďůĞůĞŐĂĐǇ͕ůŽǁƐƉĞĞĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ –hƐĞƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƐƉĞĞĚƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ͻŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ –ǀŽŝĚŽǀĞƌůĂƉďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ ͻĚũƵƐƚƚŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚƉŽǁĞƌ –ǀŽŝĚĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –/ŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĐĂŶƐƚĞĂůǀĂůƵĂďůĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƟŵĞ ͻ^ƉůŝƚƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –zŽƵŵŝŐŚƚŶĞĞĚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ Site surveys ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ –^ĂŵƉůĞƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ͻ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –zŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŵ ͻtŽƌŬĂƌŽƵŶĚĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –>ĂǇŽƵƚĂŶĚƉůĂŶĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻWůĂŶĨŽƌŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƐŝƚĞƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ –dŚŝŶŐƐǁŝůůĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇĐŚĂŶŐĞ ͻ,ĞĂƚŵĂƉƐͲ/ĚĞŶƟĨǇǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐŝŐŶĂůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϮ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϰͲŽŵŵŽŶtŝƌĞůĞƐƐ/ƐƐƵĞƐ Overlapping channels ͻǀŽŝĚŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ –hƐĞĂǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂŶĂůǇǌĞƌ ƩĞŶƵĂƟŽŶ ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐƐŝŐŶĂůƐŐĞƚǁĞĂŬĞƌĂƐǇŽƵŵŽǀĞĨĂƌƚŚĞƌ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂ –dŚĞĂƩĞŶƵĂƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚǁŝƚŚ ĂtŝͲ&ŝĂŶĂůǇǌĞƌ ͻŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽƵƚƉƵƚŽŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ –EŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĂŶŽƉƟŽŶ ͻhƐĞĂƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂǁŝƚŚĂŚŝŐŚĞƌŐĂŝŶ –ĂƉƚƵƌĞŵŽƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŝŐŶĂů ͻ^ŽŵĞƉŽǁĞƌŝƐůŽƐƚŝŶƚŚĞĂŶƚĞŶŶĂĐĂďůĞĐŽĂǆ –DŽƐƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞĂƚŚŝŐŚĞƌĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐŝĞƐ –ůƐŽĐŚĞĐŬĨŽƌĚĂŵĂŐĞĚĐĂďůĞƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ Wrong SSID ͻǀĞƌǇĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚŚĂƐĂƚůĞĂƐƚŽŶĞ –^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ^Ğƚ/ĚĞŶƟĮĞƌ;^^/Ϳ –ƵƚĚŝĚǇŽƵĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽŶĞ͍ ͻdŚŝƐĐĂŶďĞŵŽƌĞĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĂŶǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚƚŚŝŶŬ –WƵďůŝĐtŝͲ&ŝ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͕'ƵĞƐƚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͕/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ͻŽŶĮƌŵƚŚĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ^^/ƐĞƫŶŐƐ –^ŚŽƵůĚďĞůŝƐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐƚĂƚƵƐ Wrong passphrase ͻtŝƌĞůĞƐƐĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –DĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ͻZĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŽƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –/ĨŶŽƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ͕ĐŚĞĐŬƚŚĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ ͻ^ŚĂƌĞĚƉĂƐƐƉŚƌĂƐĞ –ŽŵŵŽŶŝŶĂ^K,K͕ŶŽƚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞ ͻϴϬϮ͘ϭy –hƐĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞ –DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƚŽƵƐĞϴϬϮ͘ϭy Security type mismatch ͻŶĐƌǇƉƟŽŶŽŶǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ –DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚŵĂƚĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŚĞƐĞĚĂǇƐ –ůŵŽƐƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŝƐĂƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨtWϮͬϯ ͻ^ŽŵĞůĞŐĂĐǇĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞĂďůĞƚŽŬĞĞƉƵƉ –/ĨǇŽƵĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚ͕ǇŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞĂďůĞ ƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝƚ ͻDŝŐƌĂƚĞĂůůŽĨǇŽƵƌtWƚŽtWϮͬϯ Incorrect antenna placement ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞͲKǀĞƌůĂƉƉŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ ͻ^ůŽǁƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ –ĂƚĂĮŐŚƟŶŐƚŽďĞŚĞĂƌĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ͻŚĞĐŬĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐĞƫŶŐƐ –ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĨŽƌϮ͘ϰ',ǌ͕ŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌĨŽƌϱ',ǌ ĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂů ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƚŽĂŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ŽŵŵŽŶŽŶǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻĐĐĞƐƐƚĂďůĞƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƐĂůĂĐŬŽĨĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶ –ZĞĚŝƌĞĐƚƐǇŽƵƌǁĞďĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂĐĂƉƟǀĞƉŽƌƚĂůƉĂŐĞ –hƐĞĂƵƐĞƌŶĂŵĞͬƉĂƐƐǁŽƌĚƚŽĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƚĞ ͻƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶƟŵĞŽƵƚ –DĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƌĞͲĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶĂŌĞƌĂŶŝŶƚĞƌǀĂů ͻWŽƌƚĂůŝƐƉƌŽďĂďůǇĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŶŐƚŽĂŶĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞďĂĐŬͲĞŶĚZ/h^ͬ>Wͬd^ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ůŝĞŶƚĚŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ͻĚĞŶŝĂůŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞĂƩĂĐŬ –dĂŬĞƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨŽůĚĞƌϴϬϮ͘ϭϭŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĨƌĂŵĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ͻĞǀŝĐĞŬĞĞƉƐĚƌŽƉƉŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –KƌŶĞǀĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐ ͻ&ƌĂŵĞƐĐĂŶďĞĐůĞĂƌůǇƐĞĞŶŝŶĂƉĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ –'ƌĂďƚŚĞϴϬϮ͘ϭϭĨƌĂŵĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚtŝƌĞƐŚĂƌŬ ͻZĞŵŽǀĞƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ –KƌƵƉŐƌĂĚĞƚŽĂŶĞǁϴϬϮ͘ϭϭƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ϱ͘ϱͲ'ĞŶĞƌĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ ĞǀŝĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƌĞǀŝĞǁ ͻŽŶ͛ƚƐƚĂƌƚďůŝŶĚůǇƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ –<ŶŽǁǁŚĂƚǇŽƵ͛ƌĞŐĞƫŶŐŝŶƚŽ ͻsŝĞǁƚŚĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ –EĂƟǀĞĚĞƐŬƚŽƉŽƌǁĞďͲďĂƐĞĚĐŽŶƐŽůĞ –^^,ͬƚĞƌŵŝŶĂůĐŽŶƐŽůĞ ͻdƌǇŐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶĂŚĞĂĚŽĨƟŵĞͲWƌĞƉĂƌĞĞĂƌůǇ ZŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞƐ ͻdŚĞĚŝŐŝƚĂůǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨĂƐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ –<ŶŽǁŚŽǁƚŽŐĞƚĨƌŽŵƉŽŝŶƚƚŽƉŽŝŶƚ ͻdŚŝƐĐĂŶĂŶƐǁĞƌĂůŽƚŽĨƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ –ĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕ŵĂŶƵĂůůǇĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚƐƚĂƟĐƌŽƵƚĞƐ ͻ<ŶŽǁǁŚŝĐŚǁĂǇĚĂƚĂǁŝůůŇŽǁ –ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŵĂƉŵŝŐŚƚŚĞůƉ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻZĞĨĞƌƚŽĞǀĞƌǇƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ZŽƵƟŶŐůŽŽƉƐĂŶĚŵŝƐƐŝŶŐƌŽƵƚĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶ Interface status ͻ<ŶŽǁƚŚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐŽĨƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞƐ –ĂƐǇƚŽǀŝĞǁŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƐŽůĞ –zŽƵ͛ůůƌĂƌĞůǇďĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇŶĞǆƚƚŽƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻŚĞĐŬƚŚĞĞĂƐǇƐƚƵīĮƌƐƚ –sĞƌŝĨǇƚŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –EŽƚŚŝŶŐǁŽƌŬƐƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇŝĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŝƐ ŵŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚ ͻzŽƵǁŝůůŽŌĞŶƐŽůǀĞƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵŚĞƌĞ –ŚĞĐŬĨŽƌĞƌƌŽƌƐĂŶĚŵŝƐŵĂƚĐŚĞƐ –/ƚ͛ƐĂƋƵŝĐŬĂŶĚĞĂƐǇĮǆ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϯ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϱͲ'ĞŶĞƌĂůEĞƚǁŽƌŬdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ VLAN assignment ͻEĞƚǁŽƌŬůŝŶŬŝƐĂĐƟǀĞĂŶĚ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚ –EŽĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽƌůŝŵŝƚĞĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ͻǀĞƌǇƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚĂƐĂŶĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽƌƚ ŽƌĂƚƌƵŶŬƉŽƌƚ –ĂĐŚĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽƌƚŝƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽĂs>E ͻŽŶĮƌŵƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐǁŝƚĐŚŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞs>EĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ ͻdŚŝƐŝƐĂůƐŽĂĐŽŵŵŽŶŝƐƐƵĞ –ŶŽƚŚĞƌƋƵŝĐŬĮǆ Network performance baseline ͻdƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐƐƚĂƌƚƐǁŝƚŚĂďůĂŶŬƐůĂƚĞ –ďĂƐĞůŝŶĞĐĂŶĂĚĚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚŽƌĂůůͲĚĂǇŝƐƐƵĞƐ –ŚĞĐŬƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĚĞǀŝĐĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ͕ĞƚĐ͘ ͻ^ŽŵĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇĐŽůůĞĐƚƚŚŝƐĚĂƚĂ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞ^/DŽƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĐŽŶƐŽůĞ ͻ>ŽŽŬĨŽƌƉĂƩĞƌŶƐĂŶĚĐŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶ –dŚĞďĂƐĞůŝŶĞŵŝŐŚƚĂůƐŽƚĞůůǇŽƵǁŚĂƚ͛ƐEKdŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ ϱ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ƐƐƵĞƐ Half-duplex Ethernet ͻ/ĨƚǁŽĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůǇ͕ ǇŽƵŚĂǀĞĂĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶ Collisions ͻKŶĂŚĂůĨͲĚƵƉůĞǆůŝŶŬ͕ĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐĂƌĞŶŽƌŵĂů –,ĞĂǀǇƵƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶĐĂŶĐĂƵƐĞĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐ ͻDŽƐƚƚŚĞƌŶĞƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĨƵůůͲĚƵƉůĞǆ –tŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚĞĐŽůůŝƐŝŽŶƐĐŽŵŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ͍ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐ –ƵƉůĞǆŵŝƐŵĂƚĐŚ ͻ,ĂƌĚǁĂƌĞŝƐƐƵĞ –ŽƵůĚŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂďĂĚE/ŽƌďĂĚĚƌŝǀĞƌ Broadcast storms ͻ^ŽŵĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐƵƐĞďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ –^ĞŶĚĂŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƚŽĞǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞ ͻƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶ –ƐŝŶŐůĞs>E –ƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶƐĂƌĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚďǇƌŽƵƚĞƌƐ ͻ>ĂƌŐĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐĐĂŶŝŵƉĂĐƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ –ĂĐŚĚĞǀŝĐĞŵƵƐƚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞǀĞƌǇďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐƚŽƌŵƐ ͻWĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ͻZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚ͛ƐďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƟŶŐ –dŚĞƌĞŵĂǇďĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŽƉƟŽŶ ͻ^ĞƉĂƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚŽƐŵĂůůĞƌďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ –ŚĂŶŐĞŽŶĞůĂƌŐĞƐƵďŶĞƚƚŽŵĂŶǇƐŵĂůůĞƌ ƌŽƵƚĞĚƐƵďŶĞƚƐ Duplicate MAC addresses ͻEŽƚĂĐŽŵŵŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ –DĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽďĞƵŶŝƋƵĞ –DĂǇďĞĂŶŽŶͲƉĂƚŚĂƩĂĐŬ ͻDŝƐƚĂŬĞƐĐĂŶŚĂƉƉĞŶ –>ŽĐĂůůǇĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –DĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĞƌƌŽƌ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –ŽŶĮƌŵǁŝƚŚĂƉĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ͕ƐŚŽƵůĚƐĞĞ ZWĐŽŶƚĞŶƟŽŶ ͻhƐĞƚŚĞZWĐŽŵŵĂŶĚĨƌŽŵĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ –ŽŶĮƌŵƚŚĞDŵĂƚĐŚĞƐƚŚĞ/W Duplicate IP addresses ͻ^ƚĂƟĐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ –DƵƐƚďĞǀĞƌǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚ ͻ,WŝƐŶ͛ƚĂƉĂŶĂĐĞĂ –^ƚĂƟĐ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ –DƵůƟƉůĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŽǀĞƌůĂƉ –ZŽŐƵĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐ ͻ/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –dǁŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ͞ĮŐŚƚ͟ǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ ͻůŽĐŬĞĚďǇƚŚĞK^ –ŚĞĐŬƐǁŚĞŶŝƚƐƚĂƌƚƐ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐĚƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ͻŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ –ŝĚǇŽƵŵŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞ͍ ͻWŝŶŐĂŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐďĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟĐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ –ŽĞƐŝƚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ͍ ͻĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƚŚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –WŝŶŐƚŚĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ĐŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌZWƚĂďůĞ –&ŝŶĚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶǇŽƵƌƐǁŝƚĐŚDƚĂďůĞ ͻĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚĞ,WƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ –tŚĂƚ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐĂƌĞƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ͍ DƵůƟĐĂƐƚŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ͻDƵůƟĐĂƐƚ –hƐĞĚĨŽƌŽŶĞͲƚŽͲŵĂŶǇƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁƐ –&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ůŝǀĞǀŝĚĞŽĨĞĞĚƐ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƚƌĂĸĐ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞ ƐǁŝƚĐŚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŝŶŐƚĂďůĞ –ůůŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƚƌĂĸĐŝƐƐĞŶƚƚŽĞǀĞƌǇƐǁŝƚĐŚƉŽƌƚ –DƵůƟĐĂƐƚŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ͻǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐƚŚĞŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƚƌĂĸĐ –ŽŶƐƵŵĞƐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞƌĞŵŽƚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –hƐĞƐďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚĂŶĚƐǁŝƚĐŚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐƟŵĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϰ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ƐƐƵĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ IGMP snooping ͻ/'DW;/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ'ƌŽƵƉDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWƌŽƚŽĐŽůͿ –,ŽƐƚƐĂŶĚƌŽƵƚĞƌƐƵƐĞ/'DWƚŽĚŝƌĞĐƚ ŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĐĂŶǁĂƚĐŚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞ/'DWŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ –dŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚƚŚĞŶŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚůǇĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƐŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƐƚŽ ƚŚŽƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ŶĂďůĞ/'DW^ŶŽŽƉŝŶŐ Asymmetric routes ͻdƌĂĸĐĨŽůůŽǁƐŽŶĞƉĂƚŚŽŶĞŐƌĞƐƐ –ŶĚĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĂƚŚŽŶŝŶŐƌĞƐƐ͕ŽƌǀŝĐĞǀĞƌƐĂ –dŚŝƐŝƐŽŌĞŶďǇĚĞƐŝŐŶ ͻdŚŝƐĐĂŶďĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƚƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƚ –/ƚŵĂǇďĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĂƚŚ ͻ&ŝƌĞǁĂůůƐŵĂǇĚƌŽƉƐĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ –ŶƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁŝƐĚƌŽƉƉĞĚďǇĚĞĨĂƵůƚ ͻdƌĂĐĞƌŽƵƚĞĐĂŶŚĞůƉ –/ĚĞŶƟĨǇƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĂƐǇŵŵĞƚƌŝĐƌŽƵƚĞƐ Switching loops ͻĨĞĂƌŽĨĞǀĞƌǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌ –^ƉĂŶŶŝŶŐdƌĞĞWƌŽƚŽĐŽůŝƐŽŌĞŶĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞĚ ͻ^ǁŝƚĐŚĞƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞďǇDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ǀĞƌǇĚĞǀŝĐĞŚĂƐŝƚ͛ƐŽǁŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –ǀĞƌǇƉĂĐŬĞƚŝƐĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ ͻƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐĂŶĚŵƵůƟĐĂƐƚƐĂƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŽĂůů –ƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚƚŽĂůůƐǁŝƚĐŚƉŽƌƚƐ ͻEŽƚŚŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞDĂĚĚƌĞƐƐůĞǀĞůƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇůŽŽƉƐ –/WŚĂƐdd>;dŝŵĞƚŽ>ŝǀĞͿ ZŽƵƟŶŐůŽŽƉƐ ͻZŽƵƚĞƌƚŚŝŶŬƐƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŚŽƉŝƐƚŽZŽƵƚĞƌ –ZŽƵƚĞƌƚŚŝŶŬƐƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŚŽƉŝƐƚŽƌŽƵƚĞƌ –ŶĚƌĞƉĞĂƚ;ƵŶƟůdd>сϬͿ ͻĂƐǇƚŽŵŝƐĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĞ –ƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇǁŝƚŚƐƚĂƟĐƌŽƵƟŶŐ ͻƚƌĂĐĞƌŽƵƚĞǁŝůůƚĞůůƚŚĞƐƚŽƌǇ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞƐŝŶĞĂĐŚ>ϯĚĞǀŝĐĞ –DŽĚŝĨǇƌŽƵƟŶŐƚĂďůĞƐĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ Missing route ͻƌŽƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĚŽĞƐŶŽƚĞǆŝƐƚ –dŚĞƉĂĐŬĞƚǁŝůůďĞĚƌŽƉƉĞĚ ͻ/DWŚŽƐƚƵŶƌĞĂĐŚĂďůĞŵĞƐƐĂŐĞǁŝůůďĞƐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –^ŽƵƌĐĞĚĞǀŝĐĞǁŝůůďĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚŽĨƚŚĞĞƌƌŽƌ ͻŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌƌŽƵƚĞƐ –/ŶďŽƚŚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ ZŽŐƵĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚďǇĂŶŽŶͲĂƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚƐĞƌǀĞƌ –dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶŽŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŝŶ,W ͻůŝĞŶƚŝƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚĂŶŝŶǀĂůŝĚŽƌĚƵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –/ŶƚĞƌŵŝƩĞŶƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ŶŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC ͻŝƐĂďůĞƌŽŐƵĞ,WĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –ŶĂďůĞ,WƐŶŽŽƉŝŶŐŽŶǇŽƵƌƐǁŝƚĐŚ –ƵƚŚŽƌŝǌĞĚ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŝŶĐƟǀĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇ ͻŝƐĂďůĞƚŚĞƌŽŐƵĞ –ZĞŶĞǁƚŚĞ/WůĞĂƐĞƐ Exhausted DHCP scope ͻůŝĞŶƚƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂŶW/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ –>ŽĐĂůƐƵďŶĞƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶŽŶůǇ ͻŚĞĐŬƚŚĞ,WƐĞƌǀĞƌ –ĚĚŵŽƌĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐŝĨƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ͻ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;/WDͿŵĂǇŚĞůƉ –DŽŶŝƚŽƌĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚŽŶ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞƐ ͻ>ŽǁĞƌƚŚĞůĞĂƐĞƟŵĞ –ƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇŝĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂůŽƚŽĨƚƌĂŶƐŝĞŶƚƵƐĞƌƐ /WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐ ͻŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŽůŽĐĂů/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ƵƚŶŽƚŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƐƵďŶĞƚƐ ͻEŽ/WĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ –>ŽĐĂůŽƌƌĞŵŽƚĞ ͻŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŽƐŽŵĞ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ –ƵƚŶŽƚŽƚŚĞƌƐ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐ/WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ͻŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ –/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ͕ƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ͕ŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕E^ ͻDŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐ –ǆĂŵŝŶĞůŽĐĂůďƌŽĂĚĐĂƐƚƐ –ŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬ ͻŚĞĐŬĚĞǀŝĐĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚǇŽƵ –ŽŶĮƌŵǇŽƵƌƐƵďŶĞƚŵĂƐŬĂŶĚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ ͻdƌĂĐĞƌŽƵƚĞĂŶĚƉŝŶŐ –dŚĞŝƐƐƵĞŵŝŐŚƚďĞǇŽƵƌŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ –WŝŶŐůŽĐĂů/W͕ĚĞĨĂƵůƚŐĂƚĞǁĂǇ͕ĂŶĚŽƵƚƐŝĚĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ >ŽǁŽƉƟĐĂůůŝŶŬďƵĚŐĞƚ ͻ&ŝďĞƌŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƌĞůǇŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨůŝŐŚƚ –ůŽĐŬƚŚĞůŝŐŚƚ͕ďůŽĐŬƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ͻƩĞŶƵĂƟŽŶ –ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞŽǀĞƌůŽŶŐĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ –KƌǁŝƚŚĚŝƌƚǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŽƌƐ ͻůǁĂǇƐĐŚĞĐŬǁŝƚŚĂůŝŐŚƚŵĞƚĞƌ –ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶǁŝůůƐƉĞĐŝĨǇƚŚĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĂŵŽƵŶƚůŝŐŚƚ ĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞŝƐƐƵĞƐ ͻ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂůĞƌƚƐĂŶĚŝŶǀĂůŝĚĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞƐ –^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐŝƐŶ͛ƚƋƵŝƚĞƌŝŐŚƚ –^ŚŽƵůĚƌĂŝƐĞǇŽƵƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ͻ>ŽŽŬĂƚƚŚĞĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞĚĞƚĂŝůƐ –ůŝĐŬƚŚĞůŽĐŬŝĐŽŶ –DĂǇďĞĞǆƉŝƌĞĚŽƌƚŚĞǁƌŽŶŐĚŽŵĂŝŶŶĂŵĞ –dŚĞĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇƐŝŐŶĞĚ ;ƵŶƚƌƵƐƚĞĚĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇͿ –ŽƌƌĞĐƚƟŵĞĂŶĚĚĂƚĞŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϱ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ϱ͘ϱͲŽŵŵŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬ/ƐƐƵĞƐ;ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚͿ Hardware failure ͻEŽƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ –ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ͻŽŶĮƌŵĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ –tŝƚŚŽƵƚĂƉŝŶŐ͕ǇŽƵ͛ƌĞŶŽƚŐŽŝŶŐƚŽĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ͻZƵŶĂƚƌĂĐĞƌŽƵƚĞ –^ĞĞŝĨǇŽƵ͛ƌĞďĞŝŶŐĮůƚĞƌĞĚ –^ŚŽƵůĚŵĂŬĞŝƚƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐŝĚĞ ͻŚĞĐŬƚŚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ –>ŝŐŚƚƐ͍&ŝƌĞ͍ /ŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĮƌĞǁĂůůƐĞƫŶŐ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŶŽƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ –ĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƵƐĞŽƌƚŚĞƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů ĂŶĚƉŽƌƚ ͻŚĞĐŬƚŚĞŚŽƐƚͲďĂƐĞĚĮƌĞǁĂůůƐĞƫŶŐƐ –ĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇŵĂǇďĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽĂŶĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌ –DĂŶĂŐĞĚĨƌŽŵĂĐĞŶƚƌĂůĐŽŶƐŽůĞ ͻŽŶĮƌŵƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬͲďĂƐĞĚĮƌĞǁĂůůĐŽŶĮŐ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞƉŽůŝĐǇůŝƐƚĂŶĚůŽŐƐ ͻdĂŬĞĂƉĂĐŬĞƚĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ –dŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŵĂǇŶĞǀĞƌŵĂŬĞŝƚƚŽƚŚĞŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ –ƌŽƉƉĞĚďǇƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵ /ŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚs>EĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƐ ͻŚĞĐŬs>EĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐŽŶƚŚĞƐǁŝƚĐŚ –dŚŝƐŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐǇŽƵ͛ůůĮŶĚ ͻŽŶĮƌŵƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĂŶĚǀŽŝĐĞs>EĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ –hƐĞĨƵůǁŚĞŶƵƐŝŶŐsŽ/WƉŚŽŶĞƐ ͻsĂůŝĚĂƚĞƚŚĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞs>EŶƵŵďĞƌ –ůƐŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƌƚƌƵŶŬƐ DNS issues ͻtĞďďƌŽǁƐŝŶŐĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚǁŽƌŬ –dŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŝƐďƌŽŬĞŶ͊ ͻWŝŶŐǁŽƌŬƐ͕ďƌŽǁƐĞƌĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ –dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶ͛ƚĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽďůĞŵ ͻƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ –dŚĞǇŽŌĞŶƵƐĞŶĂŵĞƐĂŶĚŶŽƚ/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ dƌŽƵďůĞƐŚŽŽƟŶŐE^ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ͻŚĞĐŬǇŽƵƌ/WĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ –/ƐƚŚĞE^/WĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ͍ ͻhƐĞŶƐůŽŽŬƵƉŽƌĚŝŐƚŽƚĞƐƚ –ŽĞƐƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶǁŽƌŬ͍ ͻdƌǇĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚE^ƐĞƌǀĞƌ –'ŽŽŐůĞŝƐϴ͘ϴ͘ϴ͘ϴ –YƵĂĚϵŝƐϵ͘ϵ͘ϵ͘ϵ © 2021 Messer Studios, LLC NTP issues ͻ^ŽŵĞĐƌǇƉƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇŝƐǀĞƌǇƟŵĞƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞ –ĐƟǀĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĐůŽĐŬƐƐĞƚǁŝƚŚŝŶ ĮǀĞŵŝŶƵƚĞƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ ͻ<ĞƌďĞƌŽƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƵƐĞƐĂƟŵĞƐƚĂŵƉ –/ĨƚŚĞƟĐŬĞƚƐŚŽǁŶĚƵƌŝŶŐĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŽŽŽůĚ͕ ŝƚ͛ƐŝŶǀĂůŝĚ ͻůŝĞŶƚĐĂŶ͛ƚůŽŐŝŶ –ŚĞĐŬƚŚĞƟŵĞƐƚĂŵƉŽĨƚŚĞĐůŝĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĞƌǀĞƌ ͻŽŶĮŐƵƌĞEdWŽŶĂůůĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ –ƵƚŽŵĂƚĞƚŚĞĐůŽĐŬƐĞƫŶŐ BYOD ͻƌŝŶŐzŽƵƌKǁŶĞǀŝĐĞ –ƌŝŶŐzŽƵƌKǁŶdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ͻŵƉůŽǇĞĞŽǁŶƐƚŚĞĚĞǀŝĐĞ –EĞĞĚƚŽŵĞĞƚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ͛ƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ͻŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽƐĞĐƵƌĞ –/ƚ͛ƐďŽƚŚĂŚŽŵĞĚĞǀŝĐĞĂŶĚĂǁŽƌŬĚĞǀŝĐĞ –,ŽǁŝƐĚĂƚĂƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ͍ –tŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞĚĂƚĂǁŚĞŶĂĚĞǀŝĐĞŝƐƐŽůĚ ŽƌƚƌĂĚĞĚŝŶ͍ ͻhƐĞĂŶDD;DŽďŝůĞĞǀŝĐĞDĂŶĂŐĞƌͿ Licensed feature issues ͻ&ĞĂƚƵƌĞƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůǇůŝĐĞŶƐĞĚ –ZĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƉĂǇŵĞŶƚŽƌƐŽŵĞƚǇƉĞŽĨůŝĐĞŶƐĞĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ͻ^ŽŵĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŵĂǇŶŽƚďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ –ůŝĐĞŶƐĞŬĞǇƵŶůŽĐŬƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ͻdŚŝƐĐĂŶĐĂƵƐĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶƵƉŐƌĂĚĞŽƌ ĐŽŶĮŐƵƌĂƟŽŶƵƉĚĂƚĞ –dĞƐƚǇŽƵƌĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞůĂď Network performance issues ͻdŚĞƌĞ͛ƐŶĞǀĞƌũƵƐƚŽŶĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŵĞƚƌŝĐ –ƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ͻ/ͬKďƵƐ͕WhƐƉĞĞĚ͕ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƐƉĞĞĚ͕ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƵƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘ –KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐĂŶƐůŽǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐĚŽǁŶ ͻzŽƵŵƵƐƚŵŽŶŝƚŽƌĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŵƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞƐůŽǁĞƐƚŽŶĞ –dŚŝƐŵĂǇďĞŵŽƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŚĂŶǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚĞǆƉĞĐƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͛ƐŽŵƉd/EϭϬͲϬϬϴEĞƚǁŽƌŬнŽƵƌƐĞEŽƚĞƐͲWĂŐĞϳϲ Downloaded by Ashley Allen (Dezire040106@gmail.com) ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ lOMoARcPSD|29995823 ŽŶƟŶƵĞǇŽƵƌũŽƵƌŶĞǇŽŶ ProfessorMesser.com: WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌΖƐ&ƌĞĞ ŽŵƉd/EĞƚǁŽƌŬнdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽƵƌƐĞ DŽŶƚŚůǇEĞƚǁŽƌŬн^ƚƵĚǇ'ƌŽƵƉ>ŝǀĞ^ƚƌĞĂŵƐ Ϯϰǆϳ>ŝǀĞŝƐĐŽƌĚŚĂƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌΖƐ ŽŵƉd/EĞƚǁŽƌŬн^ƵĐĐĞƐƐƵŶĚůĞ sŽƵĐŚĞƌŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƐ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌDĞƐƐĞƌ͘ĐŽŵ Downloaded by Ashley Allen 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