Properties on Operation on Integers Closure Property Addition and Subtraction: Closure property under addition and subtraction states that the sum or difference of any two integers is also an integer. If a and b are integers (Z) then: a + b = Z or a – b = Z Closure Property Multiplication: Closure property under multiplication states that the product of any two integers is also an integer. If a and b are integers (ℤ) then: a·b=ℤ Closure Property Division: Division of integers does not hold the closure property. If a and b are integers, then a ÷ b may or may not be an integer, which is why closure property is not applicable for division of integers. Commutative Property Addition: Commutative property of addition states that, two integers can be added in any order. If a and b are integers then, a + b = b + a. Commutative Property Multiplication: Commutative property of multiplication states that, two integers can be multiplied in any order. If a and b are integers then, a · b = b · a. Commutative Property Subtraction and Division: Subtraction and division do not hold commutative property for integers. If a and b are integers, then: a–b≠b–a a÷b≠b÷a Associative Property Addition: Associative property of addition states that if three integers are added, it makes no difference whether which two are added first. If a, b, or c are integers then, (a+b) + c = a + (b+c). Associative Property Multiplication: Associative property of multiplication states that if three integers are multiplied, it makes no difference whether which two are multiplied first. If a, b, or c are integers then, (a · b) · c = a · (b · c). Associative Property Subtraction and Division: Subtraction and division do not hold associative property for integers. If a, b, and c are integers then, a – (b – c) ≠ (a – b) – c a ÷ (b ÷ c) ≠ (a ÷ b) ÷ c Identity Property Addition: Identity property of addition states that any integer added to the identity element zero (0) will remain unchanged. Zero (0) is the identity element of addition. If a is an integer, then, a + 0 = a or 0 + a = a. Identity Property Multiplication: Identity property of multiplication states that any number multiplied to the identity element 1 will remain unchanged. 1 is the identity element for multiplication. If a is an integer, then, a · 1 = a. Inverse Property Addition: Inverse property of addition states that the sum of an integer and its additive inverse(opposite) is the identity element 0. a and (-a) are additive inverses. If a is an integer, then, a + (-a) = 0 (-a) + a = 0. Inverse Property Multiplication: Inverse property of multiplication states that the product of an integer and its multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) is the identity element 1. If a is an integer, then. 1 𝑎 1 𝑎 a · = 1 and · a = 1 provided that a ≠ 0. Distributive Property Distributive property of multiplication over addition or subtraction states that multiplication distributes over addition or subtraction. If a, b and c are integers then, a · (b + c) = (a · b) + (a · c) or a · (b – c) = (a · b) – (a · c) Which property of real number justifies each statement? 1. 0 + (3)= – 3 _______ 2. 2 (3 – 5)=2(3) – 2(5) _______ 3. (– 6) +(– 7)=(– 7) + (– 6) _______ 4. (1)(– 9)= – 9 _______ 5. 10 + (– 10)=0 _______ Rewrite the following expressions using the given property. 1. 12a – 5a= _______ (Distributive) 2. (7a)b = _______ (Associative) 3. 8 + 5= _______ (Commutative) 4. – 4(1)= _______ (Identity) 5. 25 + (– 25)= _______ (Inverse)