Chapter Notes Outline, Chapter 13, The Blood
1. BLOOD FUNCTIONS (p. 302)
2. Transportation
3. Gases
3. Nutrients
3. Waste
3. Hormones
2. Protection
3. Blood loss
3. Disease
2. Regulation
3. Blood pressure
3. pH
3. Interstitial fluid
1. BLOOD CONSTITUENTS (p. 302)
2. Blood plasma
3. Water
3. Protein
4. Albumin
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4. Clotting factors
4. Antibodies
4. Complement
3. Nutrients
3. Electrolytes
3. Hormones
3. Waste
3. Gases
2. The formed elements
3. Formation
4. In red bone marrow
4. Develop from hematopoietic stem cells
3. Erythrocytes
4. Carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin
4. Production stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO)
3. Leukocytes
4. Types
5. Granulocytes
6. Neutrophils
6. Eosinophils
6. Basophils
5. Agranulocytes
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6. Lymphocytes
6. Monocytes
3. Functions of leukocytes
4. Phagocytosis
4. Production of antibodies
4. Destruction of foreign organisms
4. Defense against cancer
3. Blood platelets (thrombocytes)
4. Develop from megakaryocytes
4. Cell fragments
4. Active in blood clotting
1. HEMOSTASIS (p. 308)
2. Steps
3. Contraction of smooth muscle in the damaged blood vessel wall
3. Formation of a platelet plug
3. Formation of a blood clot
4. Formation of prothrombinase
4. Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin (via
prothrombinase)
4. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin (via thrombin)
3. Serum
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4. Remains of plasma after blood clots
4. Plasma without clotting factors
1. BLOOD TYPES (p. 309)
2. The ABO blood type group
3. Blood types
4. A
4. B
4. AB
4. O
3. Testing for blood type
4. Anti-A serum
4. Anti-B serum
3. Blood compatibility
4. Universal donor
4. Universal recipient
2. The Rh factor
3. Blood types
4. Rh positive
4. Rh negative
3. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
4. Rh-negative mother; Rh-positive fetus
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1. USES OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS (p. 310)
2. Whole blood transfusions
3. Autologous blood
3. Cross-matching
2. Use of blood components
3. Separated by centrifuge
3. Types
4. Hemapheresis
4. Plasmapheresis
3. Uses of plasma
4. Plasma expanders
4. Cryoprecipitate
1. BLOOD DISORDERS (p. 312)
2. Types
3. Pancytopenia
3. Polycythemia
3. Red cells
4. Anemia
4. Polycythemia rubra
3. White cells
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4. Leukemia
4. Leukopenia
3. Platelets
4. Thrombocytopenia
4. Thrombocytosis
2. Anemia
3. Excessive loss or destruction of red cells
4. Hemorrhagic anemia
4. Hemolytic anemia
4. Sickle cell anemia
3. Impaired production of red cells or hemoglobin
4. Thalassemia
4. Nutritional anemia
5. Iron deficiency anemia
4. Pernicious anemia
5. Intrinsic factor
4. Bone marrow suppression
5. Aplastic anemia
2. Leukemia
3. Myelogenous leukemia
3. Lymphocytic leukemia
2. Clotting disorders
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3. Hemophilia
3. von Willebrand disease
3. Thrombocytopenia
3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
1. BLOOD STUDIES (p. 316)
2. The hematocrit
2. Hemoglobin tests
3. Electrophoresis to identify abnormal hemoglobin
2. Blood cell counts
3. Red cell counts
3. White cell counts
3. Platelet counts
2. The blood smear (slide)
3. Differential white count
2. Blood chemistry tests
3. Nitrogenous waste products
4. Blood urea nitrogen
4. Creatinine
3. Enzymes
4. Creatine kinase
4. Lactic dehydrogenase
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4. Alkaline phosphatase
2. Coagulation studies
2. Bone marrow biopsy
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