NCLEX Practice Exam for LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS
AND RESEARCH 1
1. Ms. Castro is newly-promoted to a patient care manager position. She updates her
knowledge on the theories in management and leadership in order to become effective
in her new role. She learns that some managers have low concern for services and
high concern for staff. Which style of management refers to this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organization Man
Impoverished Management
Country Club Management
Team Management
2. Her former manager demonstrated passion for serving her staff rather than being
served. She takes time to listen, prefers to be a teacher first before being a leader,
which is characteristic of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Transformational leader
Transactional leader
Servant leader
Charismatic leader
3. On the other hand, Ms. Castro notices that the Chief Nurse Executive has
charismatic leadership style. Which of the following behaviors best describes this
style?
A. Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets attracted of him
and regards him with reverence
B. Acts as he does because he expects that his behavior will yield positive
results
C. Uses visioning as the core of his leadership
D. Matches his leadership style to the situation at hand.
4. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership characteristics
is TRUE?
A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader
and the ability to get the job done.
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a manager’s
potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in
managerial role.
5. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested
by the leader who uses this theory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
Admonishes staff for being laggards.
Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.
6. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to
which of the following theories?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Trait
Charismatic
Great Man
Situational
7. She came across a theory which states that the leadership style is effective
dependent on the situation. Which of the following styles best fits a situation when the
followers are self-directed, experts and are matured individuals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Democratic
Authoritarian
Laissez faire
Bureaucratic
8. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She reads about
shared leadership as a practice in some magnet hospitals. Which of the following
describes this style of leadership?
A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between
the leader’s personality and the specific situation
B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely
controlled
C. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
D. Leadership is shared at the point of care.
9. Ms. Castro learns that some leaders are transactional leaders. Which of the
following does NOT characterize a transactional leader?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Focuses on management tasks
Is a caretaker
Uses trade-offs to meet goals
Inspires others with vision
10. She finds out that some managers have benevolent-authoritative style of
management. Which of the following behaviors will she exhibit most likely?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Have condescending trust and confidence in their subordinates
Gives economic or ego awards
Communicates downward to the staff
Allows decision making among subordinates
11. Harry is a Unit Manager I the Medical Unit. He is not satisfied with the way
things are going in his unit. Patient satisfaction rate is 60% for two consecutive
months and staff morale is at its lowest. He decides to plan and initiate changes that
will push for a turnaround in the condition of the unit. Which of the following actions
is a priority for Harry?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda.
Seek help from her manager.
Develop a strategic action on how to deal with these concerns.
Ignore the issues since these will be resolved naturally.
12. She knows that there are external forces that influence changes in his unit. Which
of the following is NOT an external force?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Memo from the CEO to cut down on electrical consumption
Demands of the labor sector to increase wages
Low morale of staff in her unit
Exacting regulatory and accreditation standards
13. After discussing the possible effects of the low patient satisfaction rate, the staff
started to list down possible strategies to solve the problems head-on. Should they
decide to vote on the best change strategy, which of the following strategies is
referred to this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Collaboration
Majority rule
Dominance
Compromise
14. One staff suggests that they review the pattern of nursing care that they are using,
which is described as a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
job description
system used to deliver care
manual of procedure
rules to be followed
15. Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentrates on tasks and activities
Emphasizes use of group collaboration
One-to-one nurse-patient ratio
Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services
16. Functional nursing has some advantages, which one is an EXCEPTION?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized.
Great control of work activities.
Most economical way of delivering nursing services.
Workers feel secure in dependent role
17. He raised the issue on giving priority to patient needs. Which of the following
offers the best way for setting priority?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Assessing nursing needs and problems
Giving instructions on how nursing care needs are to be met
Controlling and evaluating the delivery of nursing care
Assigning safe nurse: patient ratio
18. Which of the following is the best guarantee that the patient’s priority needs are
met?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Checking with the relative of the patient
Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the patient
Consulting with the physician
Coordinating with other members of the team
19. When Harry uses team nursing as a care delivery system, he and his team need to
assess the priority of care for a group of patients, which of the following should be a
priority?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Each patient as listed on the worksheet
Patients who needs least care
Medications and treatments required for all patients
Patients who need the most care
20. She is hopeful that her unit will make a big turnaround in the succeeding months.
Which of the following actions of Harry demonstrates that he has reached the third
stage of change?
A. Wonders why things are not what it used to be
B. Finds solutions to the problems
C. Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities
D. Selects the best change strategy
21. Julius is a newly-appointed nurse manager of The Good Shepherd Medical Center,
a tertiary hospital located within the heart of the metropolis. He thinks of scheduling
planning workshop with his staff in order to ensure an effective and efficient
management of the department. Should he decide to conduct a strategic planning
workshop, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this activity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Long-term goal-setting
Extends to 3-5 years in the future
Focuses on routine tasks
Determines directions of the organization
22. Which of the following statements refer to the vision of the hospital?
A. The Good Shepherd Medical Center is a trendsetter in tertiary health care
in the Philippines in the next five years Goal
B. The officers and staff of The Good Shepherd Medical Center believe in the
unique nature of the human person
C. All the nurses shall undergo continuing competency training program.
D. The Good Shepherd Medical Center aims to provide a patient-centered care
in a total healing environment.
23. The statement, “The Good Shepherd Medical Center aims to provide patientcentered care in a total healing environment” refers to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vision
Goal
Philosophy
Mission
24. Julius plans to revisit the organizational chart of the department. He plans to create
a new position of a Patient Educator who has a coordinating relationship with the head
nurse in the unit. Which of the following will likely depict this organizational
relationship?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Box
Solid line
Broken line
Dotted line
25. He likewise stresses the need for all the employees to follow orders and
instructions from him and not from anyone else. Which of the following principles
does he refer to?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Scalar chain
Discipline
Unity of command
Order
26. Julius orients his staff on the patterns of reporting relationship throughout the
organization. Which of the following principles refer to this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Span of control
Hierarchy
Esprit d’ corps
Unity of direction
27. He emphasizes to the team that they need to put their efforts together towards the
attainment of the goals of the program. Which of the following principles refers to
this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Span of control
Unity of direction
Unity of command
Command responsibility
28. Julius stresses the importance of promoting ‘esprit d corps’ among the members of
the unit. Which of the following remarks of the staff indicates that they understand
what he pointed out?
A. “Let’s work together in harmony; we need to be supportive of one another”
B. “In order that we achieve the same results; we must all follow the
directives of Julius and not from other managers.”
C. “We will ensure that all the resources we need are available when needed.”
D. “We need to put our efforts together in order to raise the bar of excellence
in the care we provide to all our patients.”
29. He discusses the goal of the department. Which of the following statements is a
goal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Increase the patient satisfaction rate
Eliminate the incidence of delayed administration of medications
Establish rapport with patients.
Reduce response time to two minutes.
30. He wants to influence the customary way of thinking and behaving that is shared
by the members of the department. Which of the following terms refer to this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organizational chart
Cultural network
Organizational structure
Organizational culture
31. He asserts the importance of promoting a positive organizational culture in their
unit. Which of the following behaviors indicate that this is attained by the group?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Proactive and caring with one another
Competitive and perfectionist
Powerful and oppositional
Obedient and uncomplaining
32. Stephanie is a new Staff Educator of a private tertiary hospital. She conducts
orientation among new staff nurses in her department. Joseph, one of the new staff
nurses, wants to understand the channel of communication, span of control and lines
of communication. Which of the following will provide this information?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organizational structure
Policy
Job description
Manual of procedures
33. Stephanie is often seen interacting with the medical intern during coffee breaks
and after duty hours. What type of organizational structure is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Formal
Informal
Staff
Line
34. She takes pride in saying that the hospital has a decentralized structure. Which of
the following is NOT compatible with this type of model?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Flat organization
Participatory approach
Shared governance
Tall organization
35. Centralized organizations have some advantages. Which of the following
statements are TRUE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Highly cost-effective
Makes management easier
Reflects the interest of the worker
Allows quick decisions or actions.
1&2
2&4
2, 3& 4
1, 2, & 4
36. Stephanie delegates effectively if she has authority to act, which is BEST defined
as:
A. having responsibility to direct others
B. being accountable to the organization
C. having legitimate right to act
D. telling others what to do
37. Regardless of the size of a work group, enough staff must be available at all times
to accomplish certain purposes. Which of these purposes is NOT included?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Meet the needs of patients
Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed
Cover all time periods adequately.
Allow for growth and development of nursing staff.
38. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating
objectives for nursing care?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Written nursing care plan
Holistic approach
Prescribed standards
Staff preferences
39. Stephanie considers shifting to transformational leadership. Which of the
following statements best describes this type of leadership?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Uses visioning as the essence of leadership.
Serves the followers rather than being served.
Maintains full trust and confidence in the subordinates
Possesses innate charisma that makes others feel good in his presence.
40. As a manager, she focuses her energy on both the quality of services rendered to
the patients as well as the welfare of the staff of her unit. Which of the following
management styles does she adopt?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Country club management
Organization man management
Team management
Authority-obedience management
Answers and Rationales
1. Answer: (C) Country Club Management . Country club management style
puts concern for the staff as number one priority at the expense of the
delivery of services. He/she runs the department just like a country club
where every one is happy including the manager.
2. Answer: (C) Servant leader . Servant leaders are open-minded, listen
deeply, try to fully understand others and not being judgmental
3. Answer: (A) Possesses inspirational quality that makes followers gets
attracted of him and regards him with reverence . Charismatic leaders
make the followers feel at ease in their presence. They feel that they are in
good hands whenever the leader is around.
4. Answer: (C) Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for
predicting a manager’s potential. . It is not conclusive that certain
qualities of a person would make him become a good manager. It can only
predict a manager’s potential of becoming a good one.
5. Answer: (A) Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving
them citations .Path Goal theory according to House and associates
rewards good performance so that others would do the same
6. Answer: (C) Great Man . Leaders become leaders because of their birth
right. This is also called Genetic theory or the Aristotelian theory
7. Answer: (C) Laissez faire . Laissez faire leadership is preferred when the
followers know what to do and are experts in the field. This leadership
style is relationship-oriented rather than task-centered.
8. Answer: (D) Leadership is shared at the point of care.Shared governance
allows the staff nurses to have the authority, responsibility and
accountability for their own practice.
9. Answer: (D) Inspires others with vision . Inspires others with a vision is
characteristic of a transformational leader. He is focused more on the dayto-day operations of the department/unit.
10. Answer: (A) Have condescending trust and confidence in their
subordinates . Benevolent-authoritative managers pretentiously show their
trust and confidence to their followers
11. Answer: (A) Call for a staff meeting and take this up in the agenda. This
will allow for the participation of every staff in the unit. If they contribute
to the solutions of the problem, they will own the solutions; hence the
chance for compliance would be greater.
12. Answer: (C) Low morale of staff in her unit . Low morale of staff is an
internal factor that affects only the unit. All the rest of the options emanate
from the top executive or from outside the institution.
13. Answer: (B) Majority rule . Majority rule involves dividing the house and
the highest vote wins.1/2 + 1 is a majority.
14. Answer: (B) system used to deliver care . A system used to deliver care.
In the 70’s it was termed as methods of patient assignment; in the early
80’s it was called modalities of patient care then patterns of nursing care in
the 90’s until recently authors called it nursing care systems.
15. Answer: (A) Concentrates on tasks and activities . Functional nursing is
focused on tasks and activities and not on the holistic care of the patients
16. Answer: (A) Psychological and sociological needs are
emphasized. When the functional method is used, the psychological and
sociological needs of the patients are neglected; the patients are regarded as
‘tasks to be done.
17. Answer: (A) Assessing nursing needs and problems . This option
follows the framework of the nursing process at the same time applies the
management process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling
18. Answer: (B) Preparing a nursing care plan in collaboration with the
patient . The best source of information about the priority needs of the
patient is the patient himself. Hence using a nursing care plan based on his
expressed priority needs would ensure meeting his needs effectively.
19. Answer: (D) Patients who need the most care . In setting priorities for a
group of patients, those who need the most care should be number-one
priority to ensure that their critical needs are met adequately. The needs of
other patients who need less care ca be attended to later or even delegated
to assistive personnel according to rules on delegation.
20. Answer: (C) Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities
. Integrate the solutions to his day-to-day activities is expected to happen
during the third stage of change when the change agent incorporate the
selected solutions to his system and begins to create a change.
21. Answer: (C) Focuses on routine tasks . Strategic planning involves
options A, B and D except C which is attributed to operational planning
22. Answer: (A) The Good Shepherd Medical Center is a trendsetter in
tertiary health care in the Philippines in the next five years . A vision
refers to what the institution wants to become within a particular period of
time.
23. Answer: (B) Goal
24. Answer: (C) Broken line . This is a staff relationship hence it is depicted
by a broken line in the organizational structure
25. Answer: (C) Unity of command . The principle of unity of command
means that employees should receive orders coming from only one
manager and not from two managers. This averts the possibility of sowing
confusion among the members of the organization
26. Answer: (B) Hierarchy . Hierarchy refers to the pattern of reporting or the
formal line of authority in an organizational structure.
27. Answer: (B) Unity of direction . Unity of direction means having one goal
or one objective for the team to pursue; hence all members of the
organization should put their efforts together towards the attainment of
their common goal or objective.
28. Answer: (A) “Let’s work together in harmony; we need to be
supportive of one another” The principle of ‘esprit d’ corps’ refers to
promoting harmony in the workplace, which is essential in maintaining a
climate conducive to work.
29. Answer: (A) Increase the patient satisfaction rate . Goal is a desired
result towards which efforts are directed. Options AB, C and D are all
objectives which are aimed at specific end.
30. Answer: (D) Organizational culture . An organizational culture refers to
the way the members of the organization think together and do things
around them together. It’s their way of life in that organization
31. Answer (A): Proactive and caring with one another
32. Answer: (A) Organizational structure . Organizational structure provides
information on the channel of authority, i.e., who reports to whom and with
what authority; the number of people who directly reports to the various
levels of hierarchy and the lines of communication whether line or staff.
33. Answer: (B) Informal . This is usually not published and oftentimes
concealed.
34. Answer: (D) Tall organization . Tall organizations are highly centralized
organizations where decision making is centered on one authority level.
35. Answer: (A) 1 & 2 . Centralized organizations are needs only a few
managers hence they are less expensive and easier to manage
36. Answer: (C) having legitimate right to act . Authority is a legitimate or
official right to give command. This is an officially sanctioned
responsibility
37. Answer: (B) Provide a pair of hands to other units as needed . Providing
a pair of hands for other units is not a purpose in doing an effective staffing
process. This is a function of a staffing coordinator at a centralized model.
38. Answer: (D) Staff preferences . Staff preferences should be the least
priority in formulating objectives of nursing care. Individual preferences
should be subordinate to the interest of the patients.
39. Answer: (A) Uses visioning as the essence of
leadership. Transformational leadership relies heavily on visioning as the
core of leadership.
40. Answer: (C) Team management . Team management has a high concern
for services and high concern for staff.
NCLEX Practice Exam for LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, BIOETHICS
AND RESEARCH 1
1. Katherine is a young Unit Manager of the Pediatric Ward. Most of her staff nurses
are senior to her, very articulate, confident and sometimes aggressive. Katherine feels
uncomfortable believing that she is the scapegoat of everything that goes wrong in her
department. Which of the following is the best action that she must take?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Identify the source of the conflict and understand the points of friction
Disregard what she feels and continue to work independently
Seek help from the Director of Nursing
Quit her job and look for another employment.
2. As a young manager, she knows that conflict occurs in any organization. Which of
the following statements regarding conflict is NOT true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Can be destructive if the level is too high
Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all times
May result in poor performance
May create leaders
3. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you
now. See me in my office later” when the latter asks if they can talk about an issue.
Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Smoothing
Compromise
Avoidance
Restriction
4. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the
following is the best thing for her to do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Advise her staff to go on vacation.
Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.
5. She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities
EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
Using agency standards as a guide.
Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.
6. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?
A. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help
improve their performance.
B. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
C. Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
D. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.
7. There are times when Katherine evaluates her staff as she makes her daily rounds.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal appraisal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The staff member is observed in natural setting.
Incidental confrontation and collaboration is allowed.
The evaluation is focused on objective data systematically.
The evaluation may provide valid information for compilation of a formal
report.
8. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of
the following actions is appropriate?
A. She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
B. She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal
before the session is over.
C. She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
D. The session is private between the two members.
9. Alexandra is tasked to organize the new wing of the hospital. She was given the
authority to do as she deems fit. She is aware that the director of nursing has
substantial trust and confidence in her capabilities, communicates through downward
and upward channels and usually uses the ideas and opinions of her staff. Which of
the following is her style of management?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Benevolent –authoritative
Consultative
Exploitive-authoritative
Participative
10. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following
elements is NOT included?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Level of authority
Lines of communication
Span of control
Unity of direction
11. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy.
Which process refers to this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Staffing
Scheduling
Recruitment
Induction
12. She checks the documentary requirements for the applicants for staff nurse
position. Which one is NOT necessary?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Certificate of previous employment
Record of related learning experience (RLE)
Membership to accredited professional organization
Professional identification card
13. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and
completing documentary requirements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Orientation
Induction
Selection
Recruitment
14. She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow
in all directions and involve workers in decision making. Which form of
organizational structure is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Centralized
Decentralized
Matrix
Informal
15. In a horizontal chart, the lowest level worker is located at the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Left most box
Middle
Right most box
Bottom
16. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an
advantage of this system of staffing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
greater control of activities
Conserves time
Compatible with computerization
Promotes better interpersonal relationship
17. Aubrey thinks about primary nursing as a system to deliver care. Which of the
following activities is NOT done by a primary nurse?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Collaborates with the physician
Provides care to a group of patients together with a group of nurses
Provides care for 5-6 patients during their hospital stay.
Performs comprehensive initial assessment
18. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of
paraprofessional workers led by a professional nurse who take care of patients with
the same disease conditions and are located geographically near each other?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Case method
Modular nursing
Nursing case management
Team nursing
19. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement
Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits
herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goals and objectives of
the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to
have an effective control system?
A. Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
B. Identify the values of the department
C. Identify structure, process, outcome standards & criteria
D. Measure actual performances
20. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following
standards, which is considered as a structure standard?
A. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received
B. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient care
personnel.
C. All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
D. Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge
21. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type
of standards?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Process
Outcome
Structure
Criteria
22. The following are basic steps in the controlling process of the department. Which
of the following is NOT included?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Measure actual performance
Set nursing standards and criteria
Compare results of performance to standards and objectives
Identify possible courses of action
23. Which of the following statements refers to criteria?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Agreed on level of nursing care
Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
Step-by-step guidelines
Statement which guide the group in decision making and problem solving
24. She wants to ensure that every task is carried out as planned. Which of the
following tasks is NOT included in the controlling process?
A. Instructing the members of the standards committee to prepare policies
B. Reviewing the existing policies of the hospital
C. Evaluating the credentials of all nursing staff
D. Checking if activities conform to schedule
25. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a
process standard?
A. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours
upon admission.
B. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
C. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
D. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all
patients and their families.
26. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The things that were planned are done
Physicians do not complain.
Employees are contended
There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
27. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This
principle refers to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Span of control
Unity of command
Carrot and stick principle
Esprit d’ corps
28. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought
about by shortage of staff. Which action is a priority?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
Initiate a group interaction
Develop a plan and implement it
Identify external and internal forces.
29. Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first
assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received
from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from April to May,
with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications.
Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Date of admission
Length of stay
Age of patients
Absence of complications
30. He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the
four modes of adaptation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Martha Rogers
Sr. Callista Roy
Florence Nightingale
Jean Watson
31. He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about
this method?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Most direct means of gathering information
Versatile in terms of content coverage
Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method
32. Which of the following articles would Kevin least consider for his review of
literature?
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients”
“Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
“Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
“Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”
33. Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Competence of nurses
Caring attitude of nurses
Salary of nurses
Responsiveness of staff
34. He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine
A. degree of agreement and disagreement
B. compliance to expected standards
C. level of satisfaction
D. degree of acceptance
35. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the
following criteria refers to the consistency or the ability to yield the same response
upon its repeated administration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity
Objectivity
36. Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences
among the subjects being studied?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sensitivity
Reliability
Validity
Objectivity
37. Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures
what it is supposed to be measure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Validity
Reliability
Meaningfulness
Sensitivity
38. He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to
all units in the population to get picked?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Random
Accidental
Quota
Judgment
39. Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is
assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and
countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
A. Grounded theory
B. Ethnography
C. Case study
D. Phenomenology
40. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dorothea Orem
Madeleine Leininger
Betty Newman
Sr. Callista Roy
Answers and Rationales
1. Answer: (A) Identify the source of the conflict and understand the
points of friction. This involves a problem solving approach, which
addresses the root cause of the problem.
2. Answer: (B) Is not beneficial; hence it should be prevented at all
times. Conflicts are beneficial because it surfaces out issues in the open
and can be solved right away. Likewise, members of the team become
more conscientious with their work when they are aware that other
members of the team are watching them.
3. Answer: (C) Avoidance. This strategy shuns discussing the issue head-on
and prefers to postpone it to a later time. In effect the problem remains
unsolved and both parties are in a lose-lose situation.
4. Answer: (D) Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be
of help. Reaching out and helping the staff is the most effective strategy in
dealing with burn out. Knowing that someone is ready to help makes the
staff feel important; hence her self-worth is enhanced.
5. Answer: (D) Focusing activity on the correction of identified
behavior. Performance appraisal deal with both positive and negative
performance; is not meant to be a fault-finding activity
6. Answer: (C) Patients are the best source of information regarding
personnel appraisal. The patient can be a source of information about the
performance of the staff but it is never the best source. Directly observing
the staff is the best source of information for personnel appraisal.
7. Answer: (C) The evaluation is focused on objective data
systematically. Collecting objective data systematically can not be
achieved in an informal appraisal. It is focused on what actually happens in
the natural work setting.
8. Answer: (D) The session is private between the two members. The
session is private between the manager and the staff and remains to be so
when the two parties do not divulge the information to others.
9. Answer: (B) Consultative. A consultative manager is almost like a
participative manager. The participative manager has complete trust and
confidence in the subordinate, always uses the opinions and ideas of
subordinates and communicates in all directions.
10. Answer: (D) Unity of direction. Unity of direction is a management
principle, not an element of an organizational structure.
11. Answer: (A) Staffing. Staffing is a management function involving putting
the best people to accomplish tasks and activities to attain the goals of the
organization.
12. Answer: (B) Record of related learning experience (RLE). Record of
RLE is not required for employment purposes but it is required for the
nurse’s licensure examination.
13. Answer: (B) Induction. This step in the recruitment process gives time for
the staff to submit all the documentary requirements for employment.
14. Answer: (B) Decentralized. Decentralized structures allow the staff to
make decisions on matters pertaining to their practice and communicate in
downward, upward, lateral and diagonal flow.
15. Answer: (C) Rightmost box. The leftmost box is occupied by the highest
authority while the lowest level worker occupies the rightmost box.
16. Answer: (D) Promotes better interpersonal relationship. Decentralized
structures allow the staff to solve decisions by themselves, involve them in
decision making; hence they are always given opportunities to interact with
one another.
17. Answer: (B) Provides care to a group of patients together with a group
of nurses . This function is done in team nursing where the nurse is a
member of a team that provides care for a group of patients.
18. Answer: (B) Modular nursing . Modular nursing is a variant of team
nursing. The difference lies in the fact that the members in modular nursing
are paraprofessional workers.
19. Answer: (B) Identify the values of the department . Identify the values
of the department will set the guiding principles within which the
department will operate its activities
20. Answer: (B) Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all
patient care personnel. Structure standards include management system,
facilities, equipment, materials needed to deliver care to patients. Rotation
of duty is a management system.
21. Answer: (A) Process . Process standards include care plans, nursing
procedure to be done to address the needs of the patients.
22. Answer: (D) Identify possible courses of action . This is a step in a
quality control process and not a basic step in the control process.
23. Answer: (B) Characteristics used to measure the level of nursing care
. Criteria are specific characteristics used to measure the standard of care.
24. Answer: (A) Instructing the members of the standards committee to
prepare policies . Instructing the members involves a directing function.
25. Answer: (C) Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge
from the hospital. This refers to an outcome standard, which is a result of
the care that is rendered to the patient.
26. Answer: (A) The things that were planned are done . Controlling is
defined as seeing to it that what is planned is done.
27. Answer: (A) Span of control . Span of control refers to the number of
workers who report directly to a manager.
28. Answer: (B) Initiate a group interaction . Initiate a group interaction will
be an opportunity to discuss the problem in the open.
29. Answer: (C) Age of patients . An extraneous variable is not the primary
concern of the researcher but has an effect on the results of the study. Adult
patients may be young, middle or late adult.
30. Answer: (B) Sr. Callista Roy . Sr. Callista Roy developed the Adaptation
Model which involves the physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role
function mode and dependence mode
31. Answer: (C) Most accurate and valid method of data gathering . The
most serious disadvantage of this method is accuracy and validity of
information gathered
32. Answer: (B) “Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms” . The article is for
pediatric patients and may not be relevant for adult patients.
33. Answer: (C) Salary of nurses . Salary of staff nurses is not an indicator of
patient satisfaction, hence need not be included as a variable in the study.
34. Answer: (A) degree of agreement and disagreement . Likert scale is a 5point summated scale used to determine the degree of agreement or
disagreement of the respondents to a statement in a study.
35. Answer: (B) Reliability . Reliability is repeatability of the instrument; it
can elicit the same responses even with varied administration of the
instrument
36. Answer: (A) Sensitivity . Sensitivity is an attribute of the instrument that
allow the respondents to distinguish differences of the options where to
choose from
37. Answer: (A) Validity . Validity is ensuring that the instrument contains
appropriate questions about the research topic
38. Answer: (A) Random . Random sampling gives equal chance for all the
elements in the population to be picked as part of the sample.
39. Answer: (B) Ethnography . Ethnography is focused on patterns of
behavior of selected people within a culture
40. Answer: (B) Madeleine Leininger . Madeleine Leininger developed the
theory on transcultural theory based on her observations on the behavior of
selected people within a culture