Keneth R. Lagoy
Grade 11 Mapagmasid
21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
TASK 1: Preliminaries
Literature-is derived from the Latin term litera which means letter.Various of
writers defined it differently.
 Literature deals with ideas, thoughts, and emotions of a
man and it can be said to be the story of a man. Man’s love
griefs, thoughts beautiful language.
Philippine Literature- a diverse and rich group of works that has
envolved side by side with country’s history.
 -the main themes is to focus on the country’s pre-colonial
cultural traditions and social-political histories of its colonial and
contemporary traditions.
 Pre-Colonial Period
 The evolution pf Philippine literature depended on the influences of
colonization and the spirit of age.
 The first filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was soon replaced by the
Roman Alphabet.
 Archipelago country made of several islands and its specification of
cultures, tradition and bearing different native literature.
 Ancient literatures use perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo
cylinder and back of the trees.
During the the pre-colonial period, there are two literary forms:
1.Written Literatures
 Riddles or bugtong
 Epigrams or salawikain
 Poems or tanaga
2.Oral Literatures
 Chant or ambahan
 Balagtasan
Spanish Colonial Period
 Spanish colonial government finally got in the scene, able to manipulate
by monopolizing it under the religious orders.
 It envolves mainly themes of Spanish/European culture and Roman
Catholic religion.
This are the books written by Filipino writers in the Spanish era.
Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar
Patnubay sa Binyagan by Pascual H. Poblete
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal
Awit and Corrido by Francisco Balagtas
Komedya by Francisco Baltazar
Japanese Colonial Period
 The war years,1942-1945 set back the development of Philippine
literature in English.
 The Japanese Government doesn't want the writers to write in
English instead they write in Filipino.
 Nationalism, Love of the Country, Life in the Bario, Love, Religion
were the common themes.
 Filipino was the only language allowed in writing during this
period.
There are 3 types of Poetry
Haiku
Tanaga
Karaniwang Anyo
These are the short stories during this period
 Pula ang Kulay ng Dugo iba pang Kwento by Brigido Batungbakal
 Ang Suyuan sa Tubigan by Macario Pineda
Notable Playwright
Panday Pira by Jose Ma-Hernandez
Sa Pula, Sa Puti by Francisco Soc Rodrigo
Bulaga by Chudualdo del Mundo
Sino ba kayo? Dahil sa Anak Higante ng Patay by Julian
Cruz Balamacida
These are the literature using the theme “Love of the Nation”
 Lupang Tinubuan by Marciso Reyes
 Uhaw Ang Tigang na Lupa by Liwayway Arceo
 Lunsod Nayon at Dagat-Dagatan
Notable short story writers during this period
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Serafin Guinigindo
Narciso Ramos
Liwayway Arceo
NVM Gonzales
Alicia Lopiz Lim
Ligaya Perez
Gloria Guzman
American Colonial Period
Philippine Literature in Spanish was starting to lose its track
on the first decade.
One of the foundation of Philippine literature was a short
story
“A Son is Born” by Manuel Aguila as were as Sarsuela
overpowered by English drama.
These are the poems of Fernando Ma Guerrero
Balmoris se deshojo la flor
Crisalidas
To Spain
 This poems claims freedom by the colonizers
Contemporary Colonial Period 1946-1970
 During the rebirth of freedom on 1946-1970 and the Americans
returned in 1945.
 On July 4, 1946, the Philippines commit its freedom, were the
flag waved and chains were broken down.
 “struggle of mind and spirit “were marked on the early postliberation period.
These are literatures during the Contemporary Period
 Heart of the Islands (1947) by Manuel Yiray
 Philippines Cross Section (1950) by Maximo Ramos & Florentino
Valeros.
 Philippine Writing (1953) by T.D. Agcaoili
 Prose and Poems (1952) by Nick Toaquin
 Horizons East (1967) by Artemio Patacsil and Silverio Baltazar
 Philippine Havest by Amador Daguio
 Who Spoke of Courage in His Sleep by NVM Gonzales
 Have Come, Am by Jose Garcia Villa
 Tagalog was revived in the Philippine literature during the
contemporary period.
 Japanese brutalities was the most themes in writing under
the Japanese government and brave guerilla exploits.