Art Appreciation
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Lesson 1 – Humanities and the Arts
Humanities
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are academic disciplines that
study aspects of human society
and culture.
the study of ancient and modern
languages, literature, philosophy,
history, archeology, anthropology,
human geography, law, politics,
religion and art
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Humanists (or human scholars)
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scholars in the humanities
describes
the
philosophical
position of humanism, which some
"anti-humanist“ scholars in the
humanities reject
Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci
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Demonstrates
blend
of
mathematics and art during the
Renaissance, and Leonardo's
deep
understanding
of
proportions
It represents a cornerstone of
Leonardo's attempts to relate man
to nature.
Why study Humanities
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As the word humanities came
from the Latin “humanus” which
means human, cultured and
refined, man is taught to be as
what the term exactly means:
being cultured and refined;
Humans have the characteristics
of rationality, benevolence and
care, he is cultured and refined as
shown by good tastes and manner
indicative of good and proper educ
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Humanities contains the records
of man’s quest for answers to the
fundamental questions he asks
himself and about the world we
live in
Humanities studies man and the
manner in which he conducts
himself from the time of his
existence to the present (Martin &
Jacobus, 2004)
Humanities is composed of
academic disciplines that make it
distinctive in both content and
method from the physical and
biological sciences and from the
social Sciences
The study of Humanities is
devoted to understanding the
different phenomena within the
human cultural contexts
Humanities studies how people
process and document the human
experience using philosophy,
religion, literature, art and history
as their way of understanding and
recording the world
Humanities
studies
how
individuals’ manner of expression
varies as they record human
experiences and how the way of
documenting these forms a
connection between and among
humans of the past, present and
future.
Fundamental Principles of Humanities
1. Human nature is inherently good.
2. Individuals are free and are
capable of making choices.
3. Human potential for growth and
development is virtually unlimited.
4. Self-concept plays an important
role in growth and development.
5. Individuals have an urge for self
actualization.
6. Reality is defined by each person.
7. Individuals have a responsibility to
both themselves and to others
Art
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Art is a diverse range of human
activities in creating visual,
auditory or performing artifacts
(artworks),
expressing
the
author's imaginative, conceptual
ideas, or technical skill, intended
to be appreciated for their beauty
or emotional power. Other
activities related to the production
of works of art include the criticism
of art, the study of the history of
art,
and
the
aesthetic
dissemination clarification needed
of art.
Three Classical Branches of Art:
1.
2.
3.
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Painting
Sculpture
Architecture
Music, theater, film, dance and
other performing arts as well as
literature and other media such as
interactive media, are included in
a broader definition of the arts.
Until the 17th century, art referred
to any skill or mastery and was not
differentiated from crafts or
sciences.
Nature of Art
1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar”
which means to join or put
together and has its Latin term
being “sars” or “artis” which
means everything that is artificially
made or composed by man
(wikipedia)
2. Art constitutes one of the oldest
and most important means of
expression developed by man.
3. It refers to the skillful arrangement
or composition of some common
but significant qualities of nature
such as sounds, colors, lines,
movements, words, stone and
wood
to
express
feelings,
thoughts,
imaginations
and
dreams in an amazing, meaningful
and enjoyable way. (Adams,
2002)
4. Art is subjective as it employs the
use of perception, insights,
feelings and intuition
5. It is the heightened expression of
human dignity and weaknesses
felt and shared so powerfully in a
world increasingly aware of its
successes and failures
6. It is man’s expression of himself
as an individual and how he views
his existence
7. Art also provides enjoyment and
stimulation specially when people
understand them
Function of Art
1. Express freely oneself;
2. Socially express his need for
display,
celebration
and
communication; and
3. Physically express the need for
utility of functional objects.
The Forms of Art Differentiated
Functional Art Forms
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may benefit the cause of man’s
existence
give people sustenance as to
need for life to be better
benefit is mostly financial in nature
Functional Art
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generally applied art (- art created
for use, not necessarily everyday
use, but designed to serve a
purpose and with an aesthetic in
mind)
serves a function, but is designed
artistically for the purpose of
beauty.
Non-functional art forms
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art that serves no utilitarian
purpose
in direct contrast with functional
art, which has both an aesthetic
value and a utilitarian purpose
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encompasses
paintings,
sculptures and all manner of fine
art
usually seek to engage with the
viewer
on
an
intellectual,
emotional or aesthetic level
Art Appreciation
The Artistic Philosophers
Lesson 2 – Arts and Philosophy
1. Plato
Philosophy
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field of discipline which has
attempted to explain almost all
aspects of human existence.
study of general and fundamental
questions
about
existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind,
and language.
term was probably coined by
Pythagoras
Art or Aesthetics
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study of beauty and taste,
concerned with the nature of art
and used as a basis for
interpreting
and
evaluating
individual works of art
branch of philosophy that deals
with the nature of beauty and
taste, as well as the philosophy of
art
examines subjective and sensoriemotional values, or sometimes
called judgments of sentiment and
taste
Philosophy of Art
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is the study of the nature of art,
including concepts such as
interpretation, representation and
expression, and form. It is closely
related
to
aesthetics,
the
philosophical study of beauty and
taste. In short, one cannot do
away with philosophy when
explaining an art work. Also, one
cannot produce an artwork without
considering the importance of the
philosophy behind its production.
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a philosopher of Ancient Greece
who is known for his Dialogues
together with Socrates. He loved
and hated the arts at the same
time
which
makes
his
philosophical views on art
unexplainably complicated. With
the Republic being his work, Plato
was seen as a good literary stylist
and great story teller and
considered
the
arts
as
threatening. He believed that “
though arts can be used to train
citizens to have an ideal society,
using arts to accomplish this
should be strictly controlled”. He
also explained that the physical
world is a copy of a perfect,
rational, eternal and changeless
original which he called FORMS.
Plato’s Ideas of the Arts may be summed
up by the truths according to him that:
1. Art is imitation
2. Art is dangerous
• Beauty, Justice, and The Circle
are all examples of what Plato
called Forms or Ideas. Other
philosophers have called them
Universals. For Plato, these
Forms are perfect Ideals, but they
are also more real than physical
objects. He called them "the
Really Real". The world of the
Forms is rational and unchanging;
the world of physical appearances
is changeable and irrational, and
only has reality to the extent that it
succeeds in imitating the Forms.
The mind or soul belongs to the
Ideal world; the body and its
passions are stuck in the muck of
the physical world. So the best
human life is one that strives to
understand and to imitate the
Forms as closely as possible. That
life is the life of the mind, the life of
the Philosopher (literally, the lover
of
wisdom).
Self
control,
especially control of the passions,
is essential to the soul that wants
to avoid the temptations of
sensuality, greed, and ambition,
and move on to the Ideal World in
the next life.
2. Aristotle
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was a student of Plato who first
distinguished between “what is
good and what is beautiful''. For
him, the universal elements of
beauty are manifested by order,
symmetry and definiteness. As
exemplified in his Poetics, he
stated that physical manifestation
of beauty is affected by SIZE. He
considered art as imitation or a
representation of nature and his
emphasis of the art is on POETRY
which
for
him
is
more
philosophical than Philosophy
itself.
Poets imitated the following according to
Aristotle:
1. Things and events which have
been or still are;
2. Things which are said to be seen
and are probable, and
3. Things which essentially are.
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
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was a German, Enlightenment
philosopher who wrote treatise on
Aesthetics: Observations on the
Feelings of the Beautiful and the
Sublime. His main interest was not
on art but on BEAUTY that it is a
matter of TASTE. Kant explained
that TASTE can be both
SUBJECTIVE and UNIVERSAL.
For KANT, beauty is a question of
form
and
color
is
NOT
IMPORTANT.
The Kinds of Aesthetic Responses
according to Kant are:
1. Beauty results in pleasure if there
is order, harmony and symmetry;
and
2. Beauty leads to a response of awe
that overwhelms the viewers of
the art.
Art Appreciation
Lesson 3 – Artists and Artisans
Artisanal
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Artist
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person engaged in an activity
related to creating art, practicing
the arts, or demonstrating an art.
The common usage in both
everyday speech and academic
discourse is a practitioner in the
visual arts only
term is often used in the
entertainment
business,
especially in a business context,
for
musicians
and
other
performers (less often for actors)
"Artiste“
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French for artist
used in English only in this
context; this use is becoming rare
Artisan
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An artisan (from French: artisan,
Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft
worker who makes or creates
things by hand that may be
functional or strictly decorative, for
example furniture, decorative arts,
sculptures, clothing, jewellery,
food items, household items and
tools or even mechanisms such as
the
handmade
clockwork
movement of a watchmaker
practice a craft and may through
experience and aptitude reach the
expressive levels of an artist
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used
in
describing
hand
processing in what is usually
viewed as an industrial process,
such as in the phrase artisanal
mining
sometimes used in marketing and
advertising as a buzz word to
describe or imply some relation
with the crafting of handmade food
products,
such
as
bread,
beverages or cheese.
Artisan
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dominant producers of consumer
products before the Industrial
Revolution
In ancient Greece, artisans were
drawn to agoras and often built
workshops nearby
Art Appreciation
Lesson 4 - The Art Forms
Painting
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Architecture
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art form that reflects how we
present ourselves across the
earth’s landscape, and, like other
expressive mediums, it changes
with styles, technologies and
cultural adaptations
not only provides worldly needs of
shelter, workspace and storage
but also represents human ideals
in buildings like courthouses and
government
buildings
and
manifestations of the spirit in
churches and temples
considered as the most functional
of all the art forms
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Supports
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hard or plastic materials are
worked into three-dimensional art
objects
designs may be embodied in
freestanding objects, in reliefs on
surfaces, or in environments
ranging from tableaux to contexts
that envelop the spectator
An enormous variety of media
may be used, including clay, wax,
stone, metal, fabric, glass, wood,
plaster, rubber, and random
“found” objects. Materials may be
carved, modeled, molded, cast,
wrought,
welded,
sewn,
assembled, or otherwise shaped
and combined.
different surfaces where painting
can be applied
wood, canvas, plaster, clay,
lacquer, and concrete
Dance
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Sculpture
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application of pigments to a
support surface that establishes
an image, design or decoration
describes both the act and the
result
two-dimentional art form
movement of the body in a
rhythmic way, usually to music
and within a given space, for the
purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion, releasing energy, or
simply taking delight in the
movement itself
Music
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also a cultural activity whose
medium is sound
performed with a vast range of
instruments
and/or
vocal
techniques ranging from singing to
rapping
Theater
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- collaborative form of performing
art that uses live performers,
typically actors or actresses, to
present the experience of a real or
imagined event before a live
audience in a specific place, often
a stage
may also mean specific place of
the performance as derived from
the Ancient Greek théatron, "a
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place for viewing", itself from
theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to
observe".
includes performances of plays
and musical theatre
art forms of ballet and opera are
also theatre and use many
conventions such as acting,
costumes and staging
Literature
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any body or collection of written
work
refers to writing considered to be
an art form or any single writing
deemed to have artistic or
intellectual value, and sometimes
deploys language in ways that
differ from ordinary usage.
may be in any form such as poetry,
novel, short story, essay, epic and
legends among others
may be oral or written
Classifications:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fiction
Non-Fiction
Prose
Poetry
Classification of Art Forms:
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Visual Arts - those which are felt
by the senses which includes
sculpture,
painting
and
architecture.
Performing Arts – those performed
like Music, Dance and Theater
Digital Arts - arts which includes
photography and installation arts
Art Appreciation
Lesson 5 – Appreciating Arts
1. Give a good physical description
of the artwork based on their
knowledge of art elements and
materials;
2. Analyze the artwork in terms of
what the artist wants his work to
represent and the learner’s
subjective reaction to the works
which includes their thoughts and
feelings;
3. Perceive the art work in the
context of its history. This would
enlighten the learners of the
artist’s intention in doing the work
and add to the understanding of
the meaning the work is
supposed to convey;
4. Give meaning to the artwork
based on its description, analysis
and context; and judge the
artwork as to whether it is good or
bad based on the learner’s
perception of it and its aesthetic
and cultural value.
5. Art is not meant to be looked at
only for what it is. It is meant to
stimulate thought because it
allows viewers to draw their own
emotions and pull from their
personal
experiences
when
viewed.
6. Art also teaches many important
qualities such as listening,
observing and responding to
multiple perspectives. Having an
appreciation for art also helps us
to develop an appreciation for
each other and how we are all
unique in our own way.
7. Art is here to stay. It is a person’s
history and legacy which is an
ultimate proof that his personal
experiences can be articulated
and his immortality can be
defined.