THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
By using the graphic organizer
below, share your ideas about the
universe. Write words that describe the
universe.
Initial Task:
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
All the stars systems,
galaxies, gas and dusts,
including all the matter and
energy that exist at present,
and will exist in the future
are
contained
in
the
universe. The universe is so
vast that it includes all of
space and time. The study of
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
In an effort to make sense
of the universe, humans use
religion,
traditions,
philosophy, and science to
describe its origin and
structure. Humankind most
recent understanding of the
universe
is
built
upon
previous knowledge and
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The
Theory
of
Creation
The narrative from
Genesis, one of the
books of the Hebrew
Bible and Christian
Old
Testament,
describe how God
separated light from
darkness, created the
sky, land, sea, moon,
stars and every living
Figure 1. Theory of Creation
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Theory of Oscillating Universe
The oscillating universe
theory is a cosmological model
that states that the universe
experiences
self-regulating,
indefinite cycles of expansion
and
contraction.
These
culminate in a "Big Bang" and
"Big Crunch", meaning we are
currently in between and infinite
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Steady State Theory
Proposed by astronomers Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and
Hermann Bondi, the steady state theory predicted a
universe that expanded but did not change its densitymatter was inserted into the universe as it expanded in
order to maintain a constant density.
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Big Bang Theory
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Big Bang Theory
The current accepted model on the
formation of the universe. The Big Bang
describes the universe as expanding,
having originated from an infinitely tiny
dense point around 14billion years ago.
According to this theory, matter was not
present at the beginning of time; there was
only pure energy compressed in a single
point called singularity, as illustrated in
Figure 3.
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Big Bang Theory
The big bang caused rapid inflation
and expansion of the universe. At that
point, the universe was extremely hot that
matter could not form. After about three
minutes, with the universe continuously
expanding it started to cool down allowing
After 100 million years, stars and
matter to form
galaxies began to form. The overall
composition of the universe transitioned
from light elements to solid particles in the
form of nebula. This nebulae would later
form the star systems and planets known
THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Big Bang Theory
The fundamental statement of
the Big Bang theory is attributed to
Belgian Catholic priest Georges
Lemaitre in 1927. It was later
supported
by
Edwin
Hubble’s
demonstration of the continuously
expanding universe through his
observation of galactic red shifts in
1929 and the discovery of the cosmic
microwave background radiation by
HOW DID THE SOLAR
SYSTEM ORIGINATE
Figure 6. The Solar System
As shown in Figure 6,
the universe may have
begun with the big bang
which occurred 13.8
billion years ago, but it
was only after one billion
years that galaxies began to form. The age
of the Solar System and that of the planet
Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old.
This is based on the age of meteorites which
are believed to have been formed the same
time as the rest of the Solar system.
Encounter Hypothesis
States that about 5 billion years ago, a
rogue star passed close to the sun and
stripped materials (hot gases) from both
the sun and the rogue star. The hot gases
continued to spin in the same direction as
the sun and fused into smaller lumps which
formed the planets.
The encounter hypothesis as shown
in Figure 7, was able to explain why all the
planets revolve in the same direction and
why the inner plants are denser than the
outer ones. However, it failed to explain
Nebular Hypothesis
In the 1700s Emanuel Swedenborg,
Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon
Laplace stated that the entire solar system
started as a large cloud of gas that
contracted
due
to
selfgravity.
Conservation of angular momentum
requires that a rotating disk form with a
large concentration at the center which
form the protosun, while planets would
begin forming within the disk.
However, this hypothesis does not
provide a mechanism to explain why the
Protoplanet Hypothesis
The present working model on the
formation of the Solar System which is built on
the main concepts of the nebular hypothesis
(improvement of nebular hypothesis). It stated
that the solar system began with a fragment form
an interstellar cloud composed mainly of
hydrogen, helium and trace amounts of the light
elements. The fragments of the interstellar clouds
then formed the dense central region of the solar
nebula. As the solar nebula contracted, it rotated
rapidly, conserving its angular momentum,
materials continued to fall inward from its
surroundings. The solar nebula eventually formed
the sun. Figure 9 further illustrates Protoplanet
Protoplanet Hypothesis