WEEK 1:
COPAR
C – Community
O – Organizing
P – Participatory
A – Action
R – Research
S – Self-Reliance
A – Active Participation
M – Mobilization
E – Empowerment
Progressive Cycle of Action-Reflection action
Begins with small, local and concrete issues identifies by the
people
Issues/problems
must identified
(COPAR = SAME)
COPAR - Definition
Working with the people
A process by which a community identifies its needs,
issues/problems and then set a goals to solve the issues
Mobilizing with the people (1994 National Rural Conference)
A collective participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and
systematic process of building people’s organization by mobilizing
and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the
resolution of their issues and concern towards effecting change in
their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions.
Continuous and sustained process of education people in the
community (CO: a manual of experience, PCPD)
It is to develop their critical awareness of their existing condition
COPAR aims to transform
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Apathetic
Individualistic
Voiceless Poor
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Dynamic
Participatory
Politically Responsive
COPAR - Importance
M – Management of the development programs in the future
A – Activities in the community
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Participation and involvement: community resources are mobilized
for community services.
P – People empowerment
-
This helps the community workers to generate community
participation in development activities
COPAR - Principles
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Deprived
Exploited
Oppressed
Based on the interest
of the poorest sectors
of the society
SELF-RELIANT
Community
COPAR - Process
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Progressive cycle of Action-Reflection action
o
Issues must be identified
Conscious raising
Participatory and Mass-Based
Group-Centered and not Leader-Oriented
Evaluation
must be
reflected
By the
Community
People
Goals must
initiated
Action must
be established
Conscious Raising
Consciousness through experimental learning central to the
COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning emerges
from concrete action and which enriches succeeding action
Can be done through training to strengthen the people in the
community in lacing their issues
Participatory and Mass-Based
It is primarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor,
the powerlss and oppressed
The activities are somewhat can relate to
Group-Centered and not Leader-Oriented
Leaders are identified, emerge and are tested through action
rather than appointed or selected by some external or entity
Community people will work together as a team
-
COPAR Emphasize
Members of the community work to solve their own problems
Direction is internal than external
Developmental of the capacity to establish a project is important
than a project
Consciousness raising with regards to the situation of health care
delivery in the community
We as the FACILITATOR and the work should be from the community
people
-
COPAR – Phases of Process
Pre-entry
Entry Phase
Organization Building Phase
Sustenance and Strengthening Phase
Phase-out Phase
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COPAR – Phases of Process (Maglaya)
Pre-entry
Entry Phase
Community Study/Diagnosis Phase/Research Phase
Community Organization & Capacity Building Phase
Community Action Phase
Sustenance and Strengthening Phase
Phase-out Phase
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WEEK 1:
Pre-Entre Phase (1-2 months)
At the NGO level
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Formulation of institutional goals, objectives, and targets for
the programs
Revolution of curriculum
Training of Faculty in COPAR
Coordinate participation of other department within the
institution
At the community level
Community consultation/dialogue
Setting of issues related to site selection
Development of criteria for site selection
Site selection Preliminary social investigation
Networking with LGU, NGOs, and other departments
Criteria for site selection
D – Depressed
E – Exploited
P – Poor
R – Residents (100-200 families)
E – Economically depressed
S – Safe (no serious peace and order)
S – Shows high morbidity and mortality cases
E – Evaluate if entered by other organization with same
program
D - Do not have any BHS or nearby hospital
-
Entry Phase
AKA social Preparation Phase
Includes sensitization and motivating them
Immersion/integration/sensitization with the community
Information campaign on health programs
Profound or deep social investigation
Potential leader spotting
Core group formation
Self-awareness and leadership training
Criteria for a potential leader
L – Low Profile
E – Education at least basic primary education
A – Approachable/respected by both formal and informal
Presentation of the community study/diagnosis and
recommendation
Prioritization of community needs/problems for action
Methods of data collection
Survey – most practical (using questionnaires)
Interview – face to face using interview guide
Record review (checklist)
Census – most IDEAL (provides the biggest bulk of data)
Observation
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Community Organization and Capability Building Phase
Community meeting to draw up guidelines for the organization
Election of officers
Development of management system
Delineation of roles, function, and task of officers
Training of leaders
Team building exercises
Action-Reflection – Action-Session
Community Action Phase
Organization and training of BHWs
Projects Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation
Resource Mobilization
Setting up for linkages/network/referral system
Sustenance and Strengthening Phase (7-8 months)
Formulation and ratification of constitution and by-laws
Identification and development of secondary leaders
Setting up of financing scheme
Continuing education and training of BHW
Development of long-term Community Health development and
plans
Registration to Security and exchange commission
Phase-Out Phase
The Phase-Out Phase is the HCW’s leave the community to
standalone. This phase should be stated during the entry phase
so that the people will be ready to this phase, The organization
built should be ready to sustain the test of the community itself
because the real evaluation will be done by the residents of the
community itself.
sectors
D – Develop a good communication skill
S – Serve
Core Group Formation
Leader spotting through sociogram
Key person – approached by most people
Opinion Leader – approached by key person
Isolates never or hardly consulted
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Community Study/Diagnosis Phase (Research Phase)
Selection of line research team
Training on data collection
Planning for the actual gathering of data
Data gathering
Training on data validation
Community validation
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