أكاديمية أديسون العالمية “Empower students to learn for life and strive for excellence so that they can contribute positively to the global society” YEAR 10 CAMBRIDGE PHYSICS TOPIC: MAKING MEASUREMENTS SEPTEMBER 2023 MOTION AND FORCE A change in the position of an object over time. A reference point enables a person to determine that something has moved or changed position. *Remember Benny the beaver, we knew he moved because he got closer to our tree, the reference point. ALL motion is caused by a force or forces. Force: A force is a push or pull on an object causing a change in speed or direction. NET FORCE: The total combination of the forces acting on an object is called NET FORCE. Opposites forces will take away from each other(counteract their force due to opposing direction); the larger forces newton's are always above the smaller forces newton's 50N- 40N= 10 N net force. Forces moving in the same direction will be added together; 50N + 40 N= 90N net force Motion: 20/09/2023 DISTANCE, SPEED AND TIME s Speed = distance (in metres) time (in seconds) You are expected to learn this equation!!! v 1) Will walks 200 metres in 40 seconds. What is his speed? 5m/s 2) Ruby covers 2km in 1,000 seconds. What is her speed? 3) How long would it take Sophie to run 100 metres if she runs at 10m/s? 10s 2m/s t s distance v speed t time 4) Aaron runs to the shop to buy Fifa 19 and travels at 50m/s for 20s. How far does he go? 1000m 5) Taylor drives her car at 85mph (about 40m/s). How long does it take her to drive 20km? 500s 20/09/2023 20/09/2023 DISTANCE, SPEED AND TIME (HARDER) s Speed = distance (in metres) time (in seconds) v 1) Eliza walks 2000m in 50 minutes. What is her speed in m/s? 2) Archie tries to walk the same distance at a speed of 5m/s. How long does he take? 3) David drives at 60mph (about 100km/h) for 3 hours. How far has he gone? 4) The speed of sound in air is 330m/s. Isobel shouts at a mountain and hears the echo 3 seconds later. How far away is the mountain? (Careful!) t 0.67m/s 400s 300km 495m 20/09/2023 What are the typical speeds for when you walk, run and ride a SPEEDbike? Walking ≈ 1.5m/s Running ≈ 3m/s Cycling ≈ 6m/s What about cars? Aeroplanes? 20/09/2023 Distance time graph Distance time graph Distance time graph Calculate the speed in each part 20/09/2023 2) Horizontal line = DISTANCE-TIME 40GRAPHS 4) Diagonal line downwards = 30 Distance (metres) 20 10 0 Time/s 20 1) Diagonal line = 40 60 80 100 3) Steeper diagonal line = 20/09/2023 20/09/2023 40 Distance (metres) 30 20 10 0 Time/s 20 20 40 60 80 1) What is the speed during the first 20 seconds? 100 0.5m/s 2) How far is the object from the start after 60 seconds? 40m 3) What is the speed during the last 40 seconds? 1m/s 20/09/2023 4) When was the object travelling the fastest? 40-60s 40 Distance (metres) G 30 B N 20 10 0 Y 20 40 60 Time/s 80 100 1) Who was travelling the fastest? 2) Who was travelling the slowest (but still moving)? 3) Who didn’t move? 20/09/2023 Task: Produce a distance-time graph for the following DISTANCE-TIME GRAPHS journey: 1) Christina walks 50m in 20 seconds. 2) She then stands still for 10 seconds 3) She then runs away from Luke and covers 100m in 30 seconds. 4) She then stands still and catches her breath for 20 seconds. 5) She then walks back to the start and covers the total 150m in 50 seconds. 20/09/2023 40 Distance (metres) 30 20 10 0 Time/s 20 40 60 80 100 1) What was the velocity in the first 20 seconds? 1.5m/s 2) What was the velocity between 20 and 40 seconds? 0.5m/s 3) When was this person travelling the fastest? 80-100s 4) What was the average speed for the first 40 seconds? 20/09/2023 1m/s 20/09/2023 40 Distance (metres) 30 20 10 0 Time/s 20 40 60 80 100 1) What is the speed during the first 20 seconds? 2m/s 2) How far is the object from the start after 50 seconds? 35m 3) What is the speed during the last 40 seconds? 4) When was the object standing still? 0.25m/s 20/09/2023 20-40s LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve HOOK ACTIVITY LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. SUCCESS CRITERIA WATCH ME Acceleration is the name we give to any process where the velocity changes. Since velocity is a speed and a direction, there are only two ways for you to accelerate: change your speed or change your direction—or change both. • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity: In other words, how much the velocity of an object changes by every second • Acceleration is given by the equation Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. (Where u is the initial velocity of an object and v is its final velocity) KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve You can rearrange this equation with the help of the formula triangle •The units of acceleration are m/s2, which mean the same thing as m/s/s – the change in velocity (in m/s) every second WATCH ME LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve Acceleration is the rate at which an object changes speed or velocity. Acceleration = change in velocity time taken Also written as: a = v - u t Velocity measured in m/s Time measured in s Acceleration measured in m/s/s or m/s2 Motion graphs WATCH ME LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve Travelling at constant speed Stationary Travelling at constant speed WATCH ME LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. ACCELERATION FROM VELOCITY : TIME GRAPH SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. Steady velocity Steady deceleration KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve Steady acceleration LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. WATCH ME Velocity-Time Graphs •A Velocity-time graph shows how the velocity (or speed) of an object changes over time SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve Graph showing how the velocity (speed) of an object changes over time •If the line is horizontal, the velocity is constant (no acceleration) •If the line slopes upwards then the object is accelerating (speeding up) •If the line goes down then the object is decelerating (slowing down) ACCELERATION FROM VELOCITY : TIME GRAPH Acceleration = V - U t ACCELERATION FROM VELOCITY : TIME GRAPH Acceleration = 3 – 0 / 2 = 1.5 m/s/s (m.s-2) Velocity-time graphs Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity : time graph. (Remember gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across) 80 Acceleration = V - U t Calculate the acceleration for each of the 4 sections of the graph. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across) 80 Calculate the acceleration for each of the 4 sections of the graph. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 Acceleration = 40 - 0 = 4m/s2 10 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across) 80 Calculate the acceleration for each of the 4 sections of the graph. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 Acceleration = 0 (no change in velocity) 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across) 80 Calculate the acceleration for each of the 4 sections of the graph. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 Acceleration = 20 - 0 = 2m/s2 10 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across) 80 Calculate the acceleration for each of the 4 sections of the graph. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 Acceleration = 0 - 60 = -3m/s2 20 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can calculate acceleration, determine positive and negative acceleration, deceleration. I can interpret types of acceleration using graphs. WATCH ME Calculating Distance •The distance travelled by an object can be found by determining the area beneath the graph The distance travelled can be found from the area beneath the graph SUCCESS CRITERIA Student must calculate the distance travelled using speed time graph. KEY VOCABULARY Acceleration, deceleration, area under the curve •If the area beneath the graph forms a triangle (the object is accelerating or decelerating) then the area can be determined using the formula: area = ½ x base x height •If the area beneath the graph is a rectangle (constant velocity) then the area can be determined using the formula: area = base x height LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can answer literal and inferential comprehension questions SUCCESS CRITERIA 1. read a text and answer literal questions using evidence in the story to support answer 2. answer an inferential question with the help of a peer 3. use dictionaries to know the meaning of unfamiliar words KEY VOCABULARY literal inferential medieval armour outdated HELP ME LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can answer literal and inferential comprehension questions SUCCESS CRITERIA 1. read a text and answer literal questions using evidence in the story to support answer 2. answer an inferential question with the help of a peer 3. use dictionaries to know the meaning of unfamiliar words KEY VOCABULARY literal inferential medieval armour outdated HELP ME Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. Area = 200m2 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. Area = 400m2 Area = 200m2 40 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. Area = 400m2 Area = 200m2 40 20 0 Area = 400m2 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s Area = 400m2 Area = 100m2 Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. Area = 200m2 40 20 0 Area = 400m2 10 20 30 40 50 Time/s Velocity-time graphs On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the distance travelled. 80 60 Velocity m/s Area = 400m2 Area = 100m2 Remember that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height. Area = 200m2 40 20 0 Area = 400m2 10 20 30 Area = 600m2 40 50 The total distance travelled = 200 + 400 + 400 + 100 + 600 = 1700m Time/s Acceleration recap V-U Acceleration = change in velocity (in m/s) (in m/s2) time taken (in s) A T 1) Ollie accelerates on his bike from 0 to 10m/s in 5 seconds. What is his acceleration? 2) Danny drops a ball on his foot and it accelerates downwards at a rate of 10m/s2 for 12 seconds. What speed did it reach?2. How long did this take? 3) A rocket accelerates from 1,000m/s at a rate of 20m/s2 for 2 minutes. What speed did it reach? 20/09/2023 80 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 T/s 10 20 30 40 50 1) How fast was the object going after 10 seconds? 2) What is the acceleration from 20 to 30 seconds? 3) What was the acceleration from 30 to 50s? 20/09/2023 4) How far did the object travel altogether? 20 10 Velocity (ms-1) 0 -10 -20 Time/s 20 40 60 80 100 1) When did the object have zero acceleration? 2) What is the average acceleration from 0 to 40s? 3) What was the acceleration from 40 to 60s? 20/09/2023 4) How far did the object go between 50 and 100s? 20/09/2023 80 60 Velocity m/s 40 20 0 T/s 10 20 30 40 50 This velocity-time graph shows Amy’s journey to school. How far away does she live? 20/09/2023 2500m Understanding Velocity 40 30 Displacement (metres) 20 10 0 Time/s 20 40 60 1) What’s the average velocity? 2) What’s the velocity at 60s? 20/09/2023 80 100 20 10 Displacement (metres) 0 -10 -20 Time/s 20 40 60 80 100 1) What was the displacement after 20 seconds? 2) What was the velocity between 20 and 40 seconds? 3) When was this person travelling the fastest? 20/09/2023 4) What was the average speed for the first 40 seconds? Considerlook a bouncing ball: A closer at motion graphs Velocity Time 20/09/2023 A recap question Vel (ms-1) 1) Calculate this object’s acceleration during the first 10 seconds 25 20 2) Estimate its acceleration at 20 seconds 15 10 3) Estimate how far it travelled altogether 5 0 20/09/2023 10 20 30 40 50 Time (s) 4) Calculate the object’s average speed Sketching Graphs 1 Vel (ms-1) Disp (m) 25 20 80 15 60 10 40 20 5 0 20/09/2023 2 4 6 Time (s) 8 0 2 4 6 Time (s) 8 Sketching Graphs 2 Vel (ms-1) 25 Acc (ms-2) Describe the motion Plot the graph 20 15 10 5 0 20/09/2023 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 0 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 Sketching Graphs 3 Vel (ms-1) Disp (m) 25 20 15 10 5 0 20/09/2023 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 0 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 Sketching Graphs 5 Disp (m) Vel (ms-1) 25 20 15 0 5 20/09/2023 20 30 Time (s) 10 0 10 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 40 Sketching Graphs 6 Disp (m) Vel (ms-1) 25 20 15 10 5 0 20/09/2023 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 0 10 20 30 Time (s) 40 LEARNING OBJECTIVE I can answer literal and inferential comprehension questions SUCCESS CRITERIA 1. read a text and answer literal questions using evidence in the story to support answer 2. answer an inferential question with the help of a peer 3. use dictionaries to know the meaning of unfamiliar words KEY VOCABULARY literal inferential medieval armour outdated SHOW ME Worksheet