Beta-lactams – Interferes with cell wall synthesis
Penicillins (-cillin)
Cephalosporins (Ceph; Cef)
Carbapenems
Monobactam
Bactericidal
Bactericidal
Bactericidal
Bactericidal
Cefazolin; Cephalexin
Imipenem-cilastatin
Aztreonam
Broad Spectrum
Broad Spectrum
Very Broad Spectrum
Broad Spectrum
Bacteria
Type
Gram +> gram -
Staph and strep
Gram +
Gram -
Route
PO,IM ,IV
IM,IV
IM,IV
IM,IV
Adverse
Effects
Superinfection/Hypersensitivity
, prolonged bleeding time Life
threatening: Anaphylaxis,
angioedema, eosinophilia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
CDAD, seizures
Superinfection, bleeding, palpitations,
biliary obstruction, cholelithiasis,
nephrolithiasis, jaundice,
hyperbilirubinemia, anemia,
hematuria, hypothrombinemia
Life threatening: Seizures,
anaphylaxis, angioedema,
bronchospasm, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
neutropenia, eosinophilia, renal
failure, CDAD, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome .
Anaphylaxis,
angioedema,seizures, CNS
toxicity and C-diff associated
diarrhea.
Rash, difficulty breathing,
hives, swelling on
face,tongue,lips, fever,
seizure, yellowing of
eyes/skin,dizzy,
confusion, change in
hearing, vision, suddenly
weak/tired.
Prototype: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin
Uses:
Drug levels
(if
applicable
to the
antibiotic)
To treat otitis media,
tonsillitis, sinusitis, skin,
respiratory, and urinary tract
infections. Amoxicillin is
effective against Helicobacter
pylori and Escherichia coli
and species of Haemophilus,
Enterococcus, Proteus,
Staphylococci, and
Streptococci.
For treating otitis media, meningitis,
appendicitis, gonorrhea, septicemia,
and surgical infection prophylaxis,
and skin, respiratory, bone/joint,
gynecologic, intraabdominal, and
urinary tract infections.
For septicemia, endocarditis,
and gynecologic,
intraabdominal, respiratory,
urinary tract, skin, and
bone/joint infection.
For septicemia,
intraabdominal, skin,
respiratory, and UTIs.
Interferes with cell protein synthesis
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Macrolide
Bactericidal
Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic
Prototype:
Gentamycin
Tetracycline hydrochloride
Erythromycin
Bacteria Type
Gram -
Gram + and gram Streptomyces aureofaciens
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Route
IM,IV
PO
PO,IV
Adverse Effects
Superinfection, peripheral
Nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity),
neuropathy, laryngeal edema, hearing superinfection,
loss, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, neurotoxicity,
hyperbilirubinemia
Life threatening: Anaphylaxis,
nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, agranulocytosis,
eosinophilia, leukopenia, hepatic
dysfunction, increased intracranial
pressure, Stevens Johnson syndrome
Hepatotoxicity(liver toxicity when taken
in high dose or w/ other hepatotoxicity
drugs, CDAD(C-DIFF associated diarrhea)
Pregnancy Cat (if
applicable to the
antibiotic)
Category D
Uses:
Endocarditis, meningitis, bacteremia, Anthrax, plaque, gingivitis, H pylori,
septicemia, and respiratory,
cholera, MRSA, STIs, skin, util, and
intraabdominal, bone/joint, skin, and respiratory infections.
urinary tract infections.
Drug levels (if
applicable to the
antibiotic)
Category D
Category B
Acne, impetigo, tonsilitis, ulcer due to h.
Pylori, skin respiratory and soft-tissue
infection.
200-500 mg q6hrs
Interferes with DNA and
RNA replication
Folate synthesis inhibitor
Quinalones
Sulfonamides
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Prototype:
Ciprofloxacin
Sulfamethoxazole
Bacteria Type
Active against Gram + and
gram -
Route
PO,IV
PO
Miscellaneous
Bactericidal
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Treat gram + and gram -
Used for S.aureas
Gram + bacteria
PO, IV
PO, IV
Adverse Effects
Neurotoxicity, crystalluria,
bradycardia, hearing loss,
anaphylaxis,
thrombocytopenia, CDAD,
seizure, Steven- Johnson
syndrome, hepatic/renal
failure, suicide thoughts,
hyperglyceridemia, GI bled.
Rhabdomyolysis, systemic
lupus erythematosus Life
threatening: Anaphylaxis,
angioedema, seizures,
myocarditis, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hemolytic anemia, aplastic
anemia, agranulocytosis,
eosinophilia, neutropenia,
hyperkalemia,
hyponatremia,
hypoglycemia, crystalluria,
CDAD,
Seizure, thrombocytopenia,
aseptic meningitis, aplasia,
bone marrow suppression,
Steven Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal necrolysis,
leukopenia,pancreatis.
Nephrotoxicity, red man
syndrome, ototoxicity
Preg Cat (if applicable to Category C
the antibiotic)
Category C
Category B
Category B
Uses:
Otitis media, gastroenteritis,
MRSA, UTIs and respiratory
infections.
Acne, amebiasis, BV,
Endocarditis, meningitis,
giardiasis, septicemia,
trichomoniasis,
CDAD,bone/joint, H. Pylori,
Infections- GYN,skin,
Intraabdominal, respiratory
and surgical.
Treat bacterial infections,
septicemia, bone skin and
lower respiratory infections,
Sinusitis, plague, anthrax,
UTIs, skin and respiratory
infections, corneal ulcers,
bacterial conjunctivitis,
otitis media.
Drug levels (if applicable IR: 0.5- 1 hr onset peak 1-2 On set : 2 hrs peak : 1-4 hrs
to the antibiotics)
hrs, PO 250 mg q 12 hrs
Duration: 12 hrs
Er Peak 1-4 hrs. 500mg/d
for 3/d
500mg q 8hrs
Peak 30 min after infusion