M&B definition list: - - - - - - Weight: the force that a body with mass possesses because it is in a gravitational field Mass: a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration when a force is applied. Units of volume and conversion between them (l, imp gal, US gal, quart) All Up Mass components: BEM, Variable Load, Traffic Load, Fuel Basic Empty Mass components: Empty Clean A/C, unusable fuel and liquids, safety equipment, supplementary electronic equipment Time between Weightings: An operator must establish the mass and the centre of gravity of any aeroplane by actual weighing prior to initial entry into service and thereafter at intervals of 4 years if individual aeroplane masses are used and 9 years if fleet masses are used. Variable Load Components: crew and their baggage, catering and other removable passenger service equipment, food and beverages, portable water, lavatory chemicals, any other special operation equipment Traffic Load: mass of passengers, baggage, plus cargo and any non-revenue load (to support company operation). Dry Operating Mass: the BEM plus variable load Useful Load: is the traffic load and the fuel Operating Mass: is the DOM plus fuel Zero Fuel Mass: is the DOM plus traffic load Regulated Mass: the most limiting mass of the performance and structural mass limits for the given phase of flight. Regulated Take-off Mass: the maximum permitted take-off mass, which complies with both the structural and performance take-off mass limitations. The RTOM is the lower of the MSTOM, Maximum Ramp Mass – Taxi Fuel, Maximum Zero Fuel Mass + Take-off Fuel, PLTOM, Maximum Landing Mass + Trip Fuel, PLLM + Trip Fuel, and any other performance limited mass due to enroute performance limitations + Trip Fuel until that given point of the route. The regulated landing mass (RLM) is the maximum permitted landing mass, which complies with both the structural and performance landing mass limitations. The RLM is the lower of the MSLM and the PLLM. Block fuel: is the usable fuel on board the aircraft at the ramp after it has been prepared for the flight. The start-up and taxi fuel: is the fuel which is expected to be used for start-up and taxi to the expected departure runway The trip fuel is the fuel expected (planned) to be burned between take-off (from predicted runway and departure procedure) and the destination aerodrome (flying the predicted longest arrival procedure, approach and landing). Reserve fuel comprises: Contingency fuel, Alternate fuel, Additional fuel, Final reserve fuel Take-off fuel includes: trip fuel, alternate fuel, reserve fuel and any extra fuel Underload: The difference between the actual load and the allowed (or maximum) traffic load. Area Load Limit: Maximum load that can be placed on a given area of the compartment floor Linear Load Limit: Maximum load that can be placed on a given length of the compartment floor. - Center of mass (gravity): of a distribution of mass is the unique point to which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration without an angular acceleration. It is a hypothetical point where entire mass of an object may be assumed to be concentrated to visualise its motion. Effects of Forward CG in flight: excessive longitudinal stability, relatively unresponsive to control inputs, Feel heavy and sluggish on the controls, drag increment (increased stall speed, fuel consumption, reduction in range and endurance), easier recover from spin and stall Effects of Aft CG in Flight: Less longitudinal stability, Possible uncontrollable pitch-up when control column moved aft, Insufficient nose-down elevator authority – dangerous stall and spin characteristics, slight drag increase Moment (torque): the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of force from the axis of rotation. Datum: Is the point in the horizontal plane from which all masses of an aircraft are referenced. Balance Arm: the distance from the datum to the CG of the mass Mean Aerodynamic Chord: the chord of an imaginary, equivalent, rectangular wing for a given aircraft. - - - - STANDARD PASSENGER MASSES INCLUDING HAND LUGGAGE (6 kg) - Passenger Seats - 1 to 5 - 6 to 9 - 10 - 19 - Male - 104 kg - 96 kg - 92 kg - Female - 86 kg - 78 kg - 74 kg STANDARD PASSENGER MASSES INCLUDING HAND LUGGAGE 20 and more 30 and more Passenger Seats Male Female All-Adult All flights except holiday charters 88 kg 70 kg 84 kg Holiday charters 76 kg 83 kg 69 kg Children: 35 kg standard for all flight, infant not counted STANDARD BAGGAGE MASSES TYPE OF FLIGHT STANDARD MASS Domestic 11 kg Within Europe 13 kg Intercontinental 15 kg All Other 13 kg
