FIGHTER A – WRITING U4
MULTIPLE-YEAR TREND CHART
TEMPLATE FOR MULTIPLE-YEAR TREND CHART
Introduction
S + compare + WHERE+ in terms of + WHAT + WHEN
XU HƯỚNG
Overall, it is obvious that the number/amount/percentage of [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 1] witnessed
an upward trend (an increasing trend) whereas the opposite was true for that/those of
[ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2].
Overview
ĐỘ LỚN
-
In addition, S + V (so sánh lớn nhất)
It is also noticeable that S + V (so sánh lớn nhất)
Another striking feature is that S + V (so sánh lớn nhất)
CÂU 1: SO SÁNH
Đối tượng 1
At [số liệu năm đầu tiên] in [năm đầu tiên], [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 1], + so sánh lớn nhất, twice
(=doubling) [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2], far greater than [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 3].
CÂU 2: XU HƯỚNG
S1 + then V2 before finishing at [số liệu năm cuối] in [năm cuối].
Nếu có nếu có xu hướng tương đồng với đối tượng đầu tiên:
Body 1
•
Đối tượng 2
•
Similarly/ Likewise, [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2], S1 + V1, which was then followed by + [A/AN
+ ADJ + N] + before Ving.
A similar pattern applied to [ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2], S1 + V1, followed by + [A/AN + ADJ
+ N] + before Ving.
Nếu có xu hướng đối ngược với đối tượng đầu tiên:
•
•
By contrast/ In contrast/ (In sharp contrast to this), S + V
A reversed pattern applied to [ĐỐI TƯỢNG PHÂN TÍCH], S + V
Similarly/ In contrast, S + V (xu hướng chung)
Body 2
Đối tượng 3
Turning to/ Moving to + [ĐỐI TƯỢNG PHÂN TÍCH], S1 + V1 (xu hướng chung). After
V2ing, S + V3
LUYỆN ĐỀ - WRITING U4 – TREND CHART 2 – BY THẢO PHÙI
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TABLE 1 (04/01/2020)
The table gives information about five types of vehicles registered in Australia in 2010, 2012 and 2014.
% change from 2010
to 2014
2010
2012
2014
11,800,000
12,700,000
13,000,000
+10.2%
2,300,000
2,600,000
2,700,000
+17.4%
Motorcycles
540,000
680,000
709,000
+30.8%
Heavy trucks
384,000
390,000
416,000
+8.3%
Light trucks
106,000
124,000
131,000
+23.5%
Passenger vehicles
Commercial vehicles
The table compares the numbers of five different kinds of vehicles that were registered in Australia in three different years,
2010, 2012 and 2014.
Overall, the numbers of all five types of vehicles registered (1) _________________ (một xu hướng tăng) over the period
shown. Another striking feature is that the figure relating to registered passenger vehicles was (2) ____________ (highest/
the highest) in all three years, however, motorcycles saw the most (3) _____________ (đáng kể) growth.
DETAIL 1 (PHÂN NHÓM LỚN)
In the initial year, 11.8 million passenger vehicles were registered, while the figure (4) _______________ commercial ones was
significantly lower, at only 2.3 million. Over the following four years, the number of passenger vehicles rose (5) ________
(thêm) 10.2% to 13 million, whereas there were four million more commercial vehicles registered, a rise (6) _________ (thêm)
17.4%.
DETAIL 2 (PHÂN NHÓM NHỎ)
(7) _____________________ the remaining types of vehicles, the greatest increase was (8) ______________ (ghi nhận) for
motorcycles, which grew from 540,000 registered in 2010 to 709,000 in 2014, an increase of 30.8%. During the same period,
the numbers of heavy trucks and light trucks registered also rose, (9) ___________ (thêm) 8.3% and 23.5%, to 416,000 and
131,000 respectively.
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
an upward trend/ an increasing trend
highest
significant/ substantial/ marked
for
by
of
regarding/ as for/ turning to/ moving to
8.
9.
recorded
by
LUYỆN ĐỀ - WRITING U4 – TREND CHART 2 – BY THẢO PHÙI
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LINE CHART 1
The graph shows the value in US dollars (in millions of dollars) of investment in funds of four categories from 1988 to
2014.
The line graph provided compares and show changes in the amount of investment which was allocated to four different
sectors over the course of 36 years starting from 1988.
Overall, it is evident that all the four categories experienced an upward trend in funds received from investment with
the most remarkable rise being seen in Gold, the item which then finished as the most heavily invested asset by the end of
the period.
DETAIL 1 (GOLD – FINE ART)
In the initial year, Gold attracted the highest amount of investment, numbering 100 million dollars, which was
significantly higher than = (which far exceeded) the amount (which was) allotted to the other categories. After a period
of fluctuation from 1988 to 2006, the investment for this item then soaring to 450 million dollars in 2012 prior to dropping
remarkably to approximately 375 million dollars. Fine Art, similarly, also recorded a dramatic rise in the given period (câu
chuyển). Starting at 75 million dollars, funds allotted to this asset fluctuated in the following 18 years before registering a
marked growth to roughly 340 million dollars in 2014, surpassing Company Shares to become the second most invested
item.
ĐỐI TƯỢNG 1
•
•
S1 + so sánh nhất, numbering + số liệu, which was significantly higher than = (which far exceeded) + S2
After + Ving1 (gia đoạn đầu), S + then V2 (giai đoạn 2) + prior to V3 (giai đoạn cuối)
ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2
•
•
ĐỐI TƯỢNG 2, similarly, also recorded a dramatic/minimal rise/growth/ increase in the given period
Starting at + số liệu năm đầu, S + V1 before V2ing
In the same period, Company and Real Estate recorded a similar gradual increase over time with a more pronounced rise
being found in the funds for Company Shares. Beginning with a similarly insignificant amount of about 50 million dollars
in the starting year, these two assets draw/ attracted substantially more investment interest, amounting to around 250
million dollars for the former (=Company) and 145 million dollars for the latter (=Real Estate).
PHÂN NHÓM 2 (Phân tích chung vì số liệu bé và pattern giống nhau)
In the same period, S +V (nhận định chung)
•
Beginning with a similar figure/rate/ number/ amount of, S + V (mô tả sự thay đổi)
LUYỆN ĐỀ - WRITING U4 – TREND CHART 2 – BY THẢO PHÙI
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LINE CHART 2 (11/07/2020)
The line graph shows the percentage of renewable energy generation over total energy produced in 6 countries from 2010
to 2013.
The provided line graph compares changes in the proportion of green energy (1) ______________ (generate) by 6 different
countries over the course of 4 years starting from 2010.
Overall, carbon-free energy gained traction (trở nên phổ biến) in most of these countries (2) _______________ (ngoại trừ)
India whose percentage remained stable throughout the surveyed period. It is also noticeable that Germany was the
largest powerhouse (nhà máy năng lượng) whereas the opposite was true for China.
DETAIL 1: ĐIỂM ĐẦU (SO SÁNH)
In the initial year, China (3) __________________ (đứng đầu) in terms of sustainable energy production, (4) _____________
(chiếm) approximately 20% of total energy use. This rate was slightly higher than the percentage of renewable energy use
in Germany and India, at roughly 17% each. The use of such power was consistently lower in Spain, France and The USA,
ranging from 10% to 12%.
DETAIL 2: ĐIỂM CUỐI (MÔ TẢ SỰ THAY ĐỔI)
During the following years, clean energy gained in popularity (trở nên phổ biến) in Germany, with a marked increase (5)
____________ 25%, surpassing (vượt mặt) China to become the (6) ___________ (largest/ highest) producer of this source of
energy. (7) _____________________ (tương tự), the percentage of the latter also saw a growth to just over 20%, after (8)
______________ (chứng kiến) a drop to 17% in 2011 and a recover to 20% in 2012. Spain, France and The United States also
recorded a similar pattern but with a more modest rise (9) ___________ (thêm) 2% to 3% for each country while the
proportion of green energy in India stayed unchanged at 17%.
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
generated (which was generated)
except
ranked first/ took the leading position
accounting for (which accounted for)
to
6.
7.
8.
9.
largest
similarly/ likewise
experiencing/ registering/ seeing
of
LUYỆN ĐỀ - WRITING U4 – TREND CHART 2 – BY THẢO PHÙI
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LINE CHART 3
The graph below shows relative price changes for fresh fruits and vegetables, sugars and sweets, and carbonated drinks
between 1978 and 2009.
similar
increased
significantly
to
finished
changes
sharply
minor
The line graph provides information about (1) _________________ (sự thay đổi) in price in the USA of three different food
product groups from 1979 to 2009, and the overall trend in the consumer price index over this 30-year period.
Overall, it is clear that prices (2) __________________ (tăng) for the three food product groups, despite fluctuations. In
addition, only the increase in the prices for fresh fruits and vegetables was (3) ___________________ (rất nhiều) higher than
the rise in the general consumer price index.
All the lines on the graph had the same starting figure in 1979. Over the period, the consumer price index rose steadily
from around 60 in 1979 (4) _______________ (lên đến) over 200 in 2009. A (5) __________________ (tương tự) pattern was seen
in the figures for prices for sugar and sweets and carbonated drinks. Although their prices also rose, they were consistently
lower than the consumer price index average after 1987. After many (6) __________________ (nhỏ) fluctuations, the indexes
for sugar and sweets was 200 on the graph in 2009, higher than the final figure for carbonated drinks at 150.
Prices rose (7) ________________(đáng kể) for fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly after 1989. From the same figure of
about 60 at the start of the period, the prices (8) _____________ (kết thúc) at roughly 330 on the index in 2009.
ANSWER KEY
1.
changes
2.
increased
3.
significantly
4.
to
5.
similar
6.
minor
7.
sharply
8.
finished
LUYỆN ĐỀ - WRITING U4 – TREND CHART 2 – BY THẢO PHÙI
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LINE CHART 4 (25/04/2020)
The chart below shows the percentage of cinema attendance by age group in Great Britain from 1984 to 2000
The line graph compares the proportion of people in four different age groups who went to the cinema in Great Britain
over the course of 16 years starting from 1984.
Overall, the percentages for cinema attendances, despite some (1) __________________ (sự dao động), rose throughout this
period among all the age groups. In percentage terms, attendance at the cinema was (2) _______________ (cao nhất) among
the 15-24 age group.
DETAIL 1: ĐIỂM ĐẦU (SO SÁNH)
In the initial year (= In 1984), about 17% of those aged 15-24 went to the cinema, (3) ________________ (far exceed) the
percentage of cinema goers from 7 to 14 years old, at 10% and (4) almost _______________ (gấp 4 lần) cinema attendance
among young adults in the 25-35 age group, with only 4% attendance. Only a tiny portion of people aged over 35 went
to the cinema for a movie in the year, with a mere percentage of 1%.
DETAIL 2: ĐIỂM CUỐI (MÔ TẢ SỰ THAY ĐỔI)
During the following years, the figures for all the four age groups (5) ___________________ (chứng kiến) a fluctuating
increasing trend. Having reached a peak of 59% in 1999, attendance among the 15-24 years old dropped back (6)
________________ (xuống còn) 55% in 2000. In contrast, the percentage of cinema attendees over 35 years old remained
_____________ (7) (lowest/ the lowest) among the age groups despite a steady growth to 14% in 2000. In the same year,
the figures for the 7-14 and 25-35 year olds increased to the same level, at 32%.
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
fluctuations
highest
far exceeding = which far exceeded
4 times as high as = four-fold higher than
6
BAR CHART 1
The graph shows estimated oil production capacity for several Gulf countries between 1990 and 2010.
The bar chart compares estimated oil production capacity in six Gulf countries over the course of 20 years staring from
1990.
Overall, it is obvious that the amount of oil production capacity of most countries witnessed an upward trend except that
of Qatar. In addition, Saudi Arabia was the biggest oil producer among the examined countries.
DETAIL 1: SAUDI ARABIA & QATAR
(1) ________________________ (bắt đầu từ) just over 8 million barrels in 1990, the estimation for oil production in Saudi Arabia
increased slightly (2) _____________ (lên đến) about 9 million barrels per day in 2000. It (3) ____________ (sau đó) registered a
dramatic growth to more than 12 million of barrels in 2005 before (4) ____________________ (đạt đỉnh) approximately 15
million barrels in 2010. (5) _________________ (ngược lại), Qatar generated the most modest amount of oil of the surveyed
countries. (6) _____________________ (mặc dù) a slight increase in 2000, oil production in the country remained stable at less
than 1 million barrels per day.
DETAIL 2: 4 QUỐC GIA CÒN LẠI (CHỈ MÔ TẢ ĐIỂM ĐẦU VÀ CUỐI)
The other countries also saw a (7) _____________________ (không đáng kể) rise in oil production over the period. In the initial
year, the estimated figure for Iran was about 3 million barrels per day, compared with around 2 million barrels in the other
three countries. At the end of the period, the amount of oil produced reached a peak of 4 million barrels in Iran and of
near to 4 million barrels in Iraq, Qatar and UAE.
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
starting off from/ beginning at
to
then
peaking at/ reaching a peak of
in contrast/ by contrast
despite (+ Ving/ N phrase) >< Althoug/ Though + S + V
minimal/ insignificant/ negligible
7