Practical Research 2 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 1: The Characteristics of Quantitative Research
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module
Writer: Jonalyn D. Gungon
Editor: Marlyn D. Tolosa
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, EPS – Research & Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr., SLRC
Illustrators: Renee Rose C. Reyes & Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist:
Micaelle Lauren V. Tenorio
Management Team:
Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon, EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP/Research)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde, EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio, PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos, PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao, EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City
Practical
Research 2
11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 1
The Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to Practical Research 2 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on The
Characteristics of Quantitative Research!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on The Characteristics
of Quantitative Research!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
This module aims to enlighten you on the nature of quantitative research
specifically on its characteristics. It will guide you to understand the main
characteristics of quantitative research.
The module describes the characteristics of quantitative research.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the characteristics of quantitative research;
2. differentiate quantitative research to qualitative research; and,
3. explore a sample quantitative research describing the evident
characteristics of quantitative research
PRETEST
Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Which characteristic of quantitative research is evident if the conclusions
and problem solutions are interpreted by the researcher based on the target
concepts?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions
2. What characteristic of quantitative research is applied when the researcher
uses structured research tools such as questionnaires to collect measurable
characteristics of the population?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions
3. Quantitative research differs from qualitative research in terms of
participants. What is the characteristic of the participants in quantitative
research?
A. Large and randomly selected
B. Large and purposely selected
C. Small and randomly selected
D. Small and purposely selected
4. Quantitative research differs from qualitative research in terms of data
being presented by the researcher. How does a researcher present data in
quantitative research?
A. non-numerical
B. numerical
C. textual
D. verbal
5. To determine if there is the same result in Pasig City, a researcher repeated
the study conducted on the effectiveness of having mobile palengke to lessen
public market trips in Valenzuela City. What is the most evident characteristic
of quantitative research is used by the researcher?
A. Structured Research Instruments
B. Large Sample Size
C. Numerical Data
D. Replication
RECAP
In your Practical Research 1, you were able to explore qualitative
research. Do you still remember what is qualitative research and its qualities?
Write down 5 words and/or phrases that you remember about
qualitative research.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Indeed, it is great that you could still remember qualitative research.
LESSON
Quantitative research is an objective, systematic, empirical
investigation of the observable phenomena through the use of computational
techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers
yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and
explain a particular observation. Simple quantitative research is concerned
with numbers and its relationship with events. (Faltado et. al 2017)
Quantitative research has seven (7) characteristics and these are the
following:
1. Objective. Quantitative research is objective. This means that the
researcher is unbiased. His/her main goal is to look for accurate
measurement and analysis of target concepts of inquiry. In doing this type of
research, the researcher does not consider his/her
personal
opinion/perspective in his/her findings.
2. Clearly defined Research Questions. In quantitative research, the
researcher is expected to have clearly defined research questions to which the
objective answers are gathered. Unlike in qualitative research where the
researcher has flexible research questions as the researcher conducts the
study.
3. Structured Research Instruments. Quantitative research normally
gathers data using structured research tools such as questionnaires to collect
measurable characteristics of the population such as age, gender, religion,
etc. It is expected in quantitative research that the researcher designs his/her
instrument/tool to contain closed-ended questions. It is for him/her to make
the data measurable.
4. Numerical Data. Normally, the data in the quantitative research is in the
form of numbers and statistics, and organized and presented using tables,
charts, graphs, and figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show
trends, relationships or differences among variables. This is in contrast with
the qualitative research, where the data are in the verbal language (in words).
5. Large Sample sizes. To have a more reliable data analysis, quantitative
research considers the normal population. It usually involves a large number
of population sizes, depending on how the characteristics of the population
vary. The researcher usually selects the number of respondents randomly to
become objective with the results of the study. Unlike in qualitative research
where the participants of the study are few and purposively selected.
6. Replication. If quantitative research is reliable, usually, it can be
replicated or repeated to verify and confirm the results of such study in
another setting. This happens as a researcher conducts a study copying the
process done by other researchers and determines if the result of the original
study would be the same if a different set of participants/time/place would
be used.
7. Future Outcomes. With the help of complex mathematical calculations
and computers, quantitative research can be used to generalize concepts
widely, predict future results, or investigate a causal relationship.
Quantitative research collects and analyzes data from a sample to make
generalizations and predicts about a population. For instance, using
mathematical calculations, a researcher can answer easily the percentage of
students that belongs to a specific group, the general opinion of students with
the mandatory opening of classes, or predict the test scores on a unit test of
a student using the number of hours he spends studying independently,
and/or identify possible causes for the differences in the scores of the
students on the annual standardized test.
ACTIVITIES
Directions: Complete the needed information on the given tables. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Describe the characteristics of quantitative research in your own words by
completing the table below.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
Description
1. Objective
2. Clearly defined research questions
3. Structured research instruments
4. Large sample size
5. Numerical data
6. Replication
7.Future outcomes
2. Differentiate quantitative to qualitative research using the Venn diagram.
Quantitative
Research
Qualitative
Research
3. Explore a sample quantitative research in your area of specialization.
From at least one (1) family member/relative/friend who has conducted
quantitative research, interview him/her of his/her study, and complete the
following table.
Title of the Research
Name of the researcher
Characteristics of
Quantitative observed
(you may interview the
researcher for
unobservable
characteristics to
confirm)
Your impression on the
quantitative research
paper sample
WRAP-UP
To summarize what you have learned today, in your notebook, draw
something you can relate to quantitative research. Write a 5-sentence
paragraph to explain your work.
VALUING
Nowadays, we are generally aware of the things happening in our
surroundings caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. How would you apply your
knowledge of the characteristics of quantitative research in this phenomenon?
How important is research in this pandemic? Write your answer in your
notebook.
POSTTEST
Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Which characteristic of quantitative research is evident when the
researcher uses numbers and statistics in presenting the results?
A. Objective
B. Numerical Data
C. Structured Research Instruments
D. Clearly defined Research Questions
2. What characteristic of quantitative research is utilized when the research
questions are well-defined and stated in advance for which objective
answers are sought?
A. Numerical Data
B. Future Outcomes
C. Large Sample Size
D. Clearly defined research questions
3. Quantitative research is different from qualitative research in terms of
data analysis. What does a researcher use to analyze data in quantitative
research?
A. Codes
B. Patterns
C. Statistics
D. Themes
4. Quantitative research is different from qualitative research in terms of
research instruments. Which of the following instrument is best used in
conducting quantitative research?
A. interview
B. journal
C. observation
D. questionnaire
5. A research aims to find out the percentage of Manila private universities
considering the use of grammar textbooks as the most effective way to help
college students attain communicative competence. What is the most
evident characteristic of quantitative research used by the researcher?
A. Objective
B. Replication
C. Numerical Data
D. Structured Research Instrument
KEY TO CORRECTION
Pretest
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
Posttest
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. C
References
Ballera, Charlene B., Jonalyn D. Gungon, Mary Jane A. Dalisay, and
Renee Rose C. Reyes. 2019. Practical Research 2: Learning Module for
Senior High School. Unpublished.
Faltado III, Ruben E., Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano and
Angeline Pogoy. 2017. Practical Research 2: Quantitative Research for
Senior High School). Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc.