Questions Q1. The Apollo 15 mission landed on the Moon in 1971. The astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and a feather. They were released from rest at the same time and from the same height. The hammer and the feather landed at the same time. (a) The graph shows how the velocity of the hammer changed with time. (i) Use the graph to calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon. Give the unit. (3) Acceleration = ........................................................... Unit ........................................................... (ii) Use the graph to calculate the height the hammer was dropped from. (2) Height = ........................................................... m (b) The gravitational field strength is smaller on the Moon than on the Earth. Suggest why. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (c) If the same experiment is carried out on Earth, air resistance affects both objects. The feather reaches the ground after the hammer, even though the force of air resistance is smaller on the feather than on the hammer. Explain why the feather reaches the ground after the hammer. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for question = 10 marks) Q2. A toy train is placed on the middle of a bridge on a model railway. force The weight of the train acts through its centre of gravity. Ignore the weight of the bridge. (a) Which row of the table shows the correct values for forces X and Y? (1) (b) Describe how force X changes if the train moves from P to Q. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 3 marks) Q3. A student investigates whether a spring obeys Hooke's law. She uses the apparatus shown in the photograph. (a) Which additional measuring instrument does the student need for the investigation? (1) ............................................................................................................................................. (b) Explain how the student can investigate whether the spring obeys Hooke's law. (5) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 6 marks) Q4. The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate moments. The 2 N weight is placed 60 cm from the pivot. The newtonmeter is placed 10 cm from the pivot. (a) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot. (1) (ii) Calculate the reading on the newtonmeter. Ignore the weight of the ruler. (3) reading = ............................................... N (b) The metre rule is replaced by an iron bar. The iron bar is 1 m long and has a weight of 10 N. The newtonmeter and the 2 N weight stay in their original position. Explain how this change affects the reading on the newtonmeter. (3) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 7 marks) Q5. A student investigates the vertical forces acting on the ends of a horizontal ruler when it supports a load. The ruler hangs from two newtonmeters with a weight suspended from it as shown. (a) The student moves the weight along the ruler and records forces B and C by taking readings from the newtonmeters. (i) Which of these is the independent variable in this investigation? (1) A Distance A B Force B C Force C D Force D (ii) Which of these is a controlled variable in this investigation? (1) A Distance A B Force B C Force C D Force D (b) The student records these readings. She plots this graph to show how force C changes with distance A. (i) Complete the student's graph by labelling the vertical axis. (1) (ii) Using the same grid and axes, plot a second line to show how force B varies with distance A. (3) (iii) Use the lines on the graph to find distance A for which force B and force C are equal. (1) Distance = ...................................... cm (c) Suggest why neither force B nor force C are ever zero during the investigation. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for question = 8 marks) Q6. A student investigates the principle of moments. He connects a ruler to a stand with a pivot. He hangs a 2 N weight from the 60 cm mark on the ruler. He uses a forcemeter to hold the ruler horizontal. The scale on the forcemeter reads from 0 N to 10 N. (a) How could the student check that the ruler is horizontal? (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and distance from the pivot. (1) (ii) Calculate the moment of the 2 N weight. State the unit. (3) Moment = ........................................................... Unit ........................................................... (c) The student holds the ruler horizontal with the forcemeter at the 10 cm mark. He expects the reading on the forcemeter to be 12 N. The actual reading is 10 N. (i) Explain why the correct reading should be larger than 12 N. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (ii) Explain why the actual reading is only 10 N. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (d) A picture in the student's textbook shows two fishermen using a pole to carry some fish. Fisherman A and fisherman B feel different forces on their shoulders. Use ideas about moments to explain why fisherman A feels the larger force. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for question = 12 marks) Q7. (a) State the similarity and the difference between scalars and vectors. (2) similarity ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. difference ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (b) Complete the table by ticking ( ) the correct boxes to show whether each quantity is a scalar or a vector. The first one has been done for you. (3) (Total for Question = 5 marks) Q8. A bus travels along a straight road. The graph shows how the velocity of the bus changes during a short journey. (a) (i) State the velocity of the bus after 25 s. (1) velocity = ............................................ m/s (ii) How long is the bus stationary during its journey? (1) time = .............................................. s (b) (i) State the equation linking acceleration, change in velocity and time taken. (1) (ii) Calculate the acceleration of the bus during the first 10 seconds. Give the unit. (3) acceleration = ....................... unit ....................... (c) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken. (1) (ii) The bus moves a total distance of 390 m during the journey. Calculate the average speed of the bus. (2) average speed = .......................................... m/s (d) The bus travels further in the first 30 seconds of its journey than it does during the last 30 seconds. Explain how the graph shows this. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 11 marks) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
