Chapter 1
-考试选择题出，所以度过基本的资料就可以了。如果你觉得没有那几分也没关系啦，
这个chapter不是很重要
Chapter 2
- Label的一定要学会 for animal cell and plant cell还有的就是他们的function.
题目类型会长这个样↓
(a) Name the structure of P and Q. / Name the organelle P and Q. [ 2m]
P is mitochondria. Q is rough endoplasmic reticulum.
(名字不要spell错，因为是关键字，spell错gg.com）
(b) State the function of P and Q. [2m] (叫了你name肯定会问function)
P is generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration while
Q is transport protein from ribosome to Golgi apparatus through a
transport vescile.
Chapter 2
- Feeding process of amoeba sp. 还有的就是osmoregulation for paramecium sp.
Question}
题目类型会长这个样↓
Explain how the Amoeba sp. carries out the feeding process. [6m]
-Ameoba sp. approaching the food particles.
-Ameoba sp. extend it pseudopodium to engulf the food particles
-The food vacuole will form and fuses with lysosome that contain hydrolytic enzyme.
-The food partilces are digested by hydrolytic enzyme
-Nutrients are absorbed into cytoplasm by diffusion
-Undigested food are excreted out through plasma membrane when Amoeba sp moving forward.
Explain the role of contractile vacuole in the Paramecium sp. carry out osmoregulation. [4m]
-Freash water is hypotonic toward the Paramecium sp.
-When the water diffuse into the cell by osmosis,.
-The water will fill the contractile vacuole to a maximum size.
-The contractile vacuole will contract and eliminate the excessive water out from the cell
-To prevent it from bursting.
{HOTS
Chapter 2
- 3种muscle cell的形状和function (cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muslce)
-课本page 36,那边的表格 *常出现的mitochondria
Chapter 3
-phospholipid bilayer的structure 还有的就是每个component的用途
-Passive transport & Active transport
-hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic
Explain how the calcium ion transport into the cell. [2m]
-Active transport
-The calcium ion transported against the concentration gradient
-From lower concentration region to a higher concentration region (这句可以不要)
-through carrier protein.
-Energy is required to undergo active transport
Chapter 3
What are the differences between simple diffusion(passive trnapsort) and active transport. [2m]
-Active transport require enegery in the form of ATP but simple diffusion doesn’t require energy.
-Active transport occur against the concentration gradient while simple diffusion occur follow the
concentration gradient.
*Active tansport doesn’t achieve dynamic equilibrium but simple diffusion achieve dynamic equilibrium.
上次尚恩发德题目hypertonic. Hypotonic的.
Chapter 4
-实不相瞒全部都要知道，特别是condensation and hydrolysis的这个。考试
structure题问，至于for什么那种, carbohydrate, protein, lipid这三种.
-注意saturated fat和unsaturated fat & nuclei acid 。考试essay喜欢问，因为很
多东西可以写。所以这个我会在笔记里面提到。.