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1. DNA Structure: a. Explain the fundamental structure of DNA, including the
number of strands and the names of the four nitrogenous bases. b. Describe the
complementary base pairing in DNA and provide examples.
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2. Coding vs. Non-Coding Structures: a. Differentiate between coding and noncoding structures within the context of DNA.
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3. RNA Structure: a. Outline the structure of RNA and highlight the key differences
between RNA and DNA, with a specific reference to the presence of uracil. b. Explain
how RNA complements DNA during transcription.
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4. DNA Composition: a. List and describe the components of a nucleotide in DNA,
including the type of sugar and the four named nitrogenous bases. b. Highlight the
importance of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate in the DNA structure.
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5. Complementary Base Pairs and Hydrogen Bonding: a. Provide examples of
specific purine and pyrimidine base pairs in DNA. b. Explain the role of hydrogen
bonding in maintaining the stability of the DNA double helix.
6. DNA Profiling: a. Outline the four stages involved in DNA profiling. b. Define the
process of DNA profiling. c. List and briefly explain the key components of the DNA
profiling process.
7. Applications of DNA Profiling: a. Provide two real-world applications of DNA
profiling and explain how it is used in each case. b. Describe how DNA profiling can
assist in criminal investigations. Give an example of a famous criminal case where
DNA profiling played a crucial role. c. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding
the use of DNA profiling in areas such as forensics and paternity testing.
8. Genetic Screening: a. Define genetic screening and explain its purpose. b. Give an
example of a genetic disorder for which genetic screening is commonly conducted
and explain its significance in healthcare.
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