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Name___________________
Class ________ Date_______
CELLS NOTES - KEY
ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
Examples:
Definition:
A membrane
covered
structure that
contains all of
the materials
necessary for
life.
Cells
Examples:
Blood, fat,
muscle
Definition: A
group of
cells that
work
together
to
perform
a specific
job in
the body
Tissues
Definition: a
group of
tissues that
work together.
Organ
Examples:
digestive
system,
respiratory
system,
excretory
system
Definition: a
group of organs
that work
together
Organ System
Examples:
Lions, Tigers,
and Bears
Definition:
Anything that
can live on its
own
Organism
Bone cell,
blood cell,
skin cell
Examples:
Heart,
lungs,
skin
Skin is the
largest
organ!
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Two Types of Cells:
Prokaryotic Cell—
Does NOT have a nucleus or any other membrane covered
organelles, example bacteria.
Eukaryotic Cell—
Describes a cell that DOES have nucleus. Multi-cellular
organisms have eukaryotic cells.
Two Types of Organisms:
Unicellular Organism — single celled organism
Multicellular Organism—more then one celled organism
How do the cells of unicellular organisms differ from the cells of
multicellular organisms?
The cells of unicellular organisms can survive on their own, but
the cells of multi-cellular organisms must remain a part of an
organisms body to survive.
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The Discovery of Cells
Directions: Using pages 60-66 in your textbook, answer the following
questions.
1. Robert Hooke saw the first ____________ using a
_______________ ________________.
2. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
1.
2.
3.
3. What do ALL cells have in common?
4. What are two advantages of being multicellular?
5. What are organelles?
6. What is the cytoplasm?
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7. What is the function of the cell membrane?
8. What is DNA?
9. Why do all cells need DNA?
10. What organelle is DNA enclosed inside of?
11. How are Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells different?
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Organelle
Function
Cell wall
Provides strength and support.
Found in
Animals
Found
in
Plants
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Controls what enters and leaves a
cell
Controls cell activities
Controls what enters and leaves the
nucleus.
X shaped organelle made of DNA.
Holds the code that controls the
cell.
Endoplasmic Makes lipids. Transports proteins
reticulum
& other materials through the cell
Ribosomes
Makes protein
Mitochondria Supply the cell with energy.
Respiration occurs here.
Vacuoles
Stores food, water, and waste
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Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
☺
Cell
membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Golgi
Complex
Contain enzymes that digest food
Contain the chlorophyll need to
carry on photosynthesis (produce
food)
Liquid portion of the cell containing
all the organelles
Processes and transports materials
out of the cell
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Movement of Particles Into and Out of the Cell
DIFFUSION is the movement of particles from an area of high
concentration (crowded) to an area of low concentration (less
crowded)
Occurs with and between cells
Do NOT need energy (ATP)
In the body:
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OSMOSIS - diffusion of water through the semi-permeable cell
membrane.
Semi-permeable-only certain substances can pass through
NO energy required
Can also occur in plant cells
SMALL PARTICLE MOVEMENT
*PASSIVE
TRANSPORT-movement across the cell membrane without
the use of energy
-movement is from an area of high to low concentration
-does NOT require energy
-Osmosis is an example
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*ACTIVE
TRANSPORT-usually movement of particles from an area of
low to high concentration
*requires energy!
LARGE PARTICLE MOVEMENT
*Endocytosis - bringing particles within the cell
*Exocytosis-releasing particles (exit)
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CELLULAR REPRODUCTION
How did I grow taller? How are my worn-out cells replaced?
How do I heal from injuries?
The answer is….Cellular Reproduction or Mitosis
MITOSIS
1. Type of cell division when chromosomes are duplicated and then
separate into two identical and complete sets to be passed to each
of the two daughter cells.
For example in humans, body cells have 46 chromosomes. After
mitosis, each of the two new identical daughter cells will have 46
chromosomes.
2. In this type of cell division, the hereditary information is identical in
all the cells that result.
3. Responsible for growth, maintenance and repair.
4. In some one-celled organisms, asexual reproduction is achieved
through mitosis.
5. Cancers are a result of abnormal cell division.
MEIOSIS
1. Responsible for producing egg and sperm
2. The resulting daughter cells contain one-half the hereditary
information.
For example, in humans, each sperm or egg would contain 23
chromosomes.
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