SUDAN
Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Rizki Arif Sudrajat
23/513235/PEK/29405
AUSTRALIA
Information
Sudan
Australia
Economy
lower-middleincome economy
high-income
economy
Location
northeastern
Africa
Oceania
Population (2023)
43.8 million
25.7 million
114.7 billion USD
1.54 trillion USD
GDP per capita
(nominal) (2022)
2,600 USD
60,720 USD
Area (km²)
1,886,068
7,692,024
Sudanese pound
(SDG)
Australian dollar
(AUD)
republic
federal
parliamentary
democracy
oil, gold, and
copper
coal, iron ore,
gold, and natural
gas
GDP (nominal)
(2022)
Currency
Goverment
Natural Resources
Sources :
World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/country/australia
World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/country/sudan
Information
Sudan
Australia
Lowest
-1.17 (2018)
20,72 (2016)
Highest
37,89 (2007)
25,78 (2021)
Overall
fluctuated
Relatively stable
Factors
2007 :
•
•
The rise in world
oil prices
Peace agreement
with the Darfur
separatist
movement
2018 :
•
•
•
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
The fall of the
Omar al-Bashir
regime
The Darfur civil
war
Drought
2016 :
• 2021 :
•
•
The government
stimulus for
Covid19
Increased export to
china
The Harrod-Domar Growth Model :
• saving will effect the GDP of countries : saving increased ➔ GDP growth
• the data show no correlation between saving and GDP either in Australia or Sudan
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
Information
Sudan
Australia
Lowest
2,18 (2022)
22,25 (2020)
Highest
24,89 (2000)
28,61 (2008)
Overall
declined
Relatively stable
Factors
•
•
•
•
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
The fall of the
Omar al-Bashir
regime
The Darfur civil
war
Drought
Covid 19
• Strong banking
system
• Stable political
environment
The Harrod-Domar Growth Model :
• saving = Investment
• The assumption not match to the real world conditions
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
Information
Sudan
Australia
Lowest
5,59 (2016)
18,02 (2008)
Highest
17,85 (2022)
22,30 (2021)
Overall
increased
Relatively stable
Factors
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
•
•
Conflict in sudan
Covid 19
Covid 19
Information
Sudan
Australia
Lowest
48,47 (2007)
48,78 (2022)
Highest
90,01 (2018)
58,03 (2001)
Overall
Fluctuated
incresed
Relatively stable
Factors
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
• Increased oil
production
• Devaluation of the
Sudanese pound
• Increased
urbanization
-
Export and import as percentage to GDP
Information
30,00
Sudan
Australia
EXPORT
25,00
Lowest
1,57 (2022)
17,17 (2004)
Highest
20,16 (2008)
25,81 (2022)
IMPORT
20,00
15,00
10,00
Lowest
1,13 (2022)
17,79 (2021)
Highest
21,41 (2005)
22,73 (2009)
Overall
Declained
Increased
Factors
5,00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Australia Exports
Australia Imports
Sudan Exports
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Sudan Imports
• New
government
• Covid 19
Increased
demand for
coal, iron ore
from china
Information
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
Sudan
Australia
Lowest
3,86 (2011)
20,32 (2011)
Highest
8,19 (2015)
24,48 (2001)
Overall
Not enough data
Relatively stable
Factors
Data only available
from 2009 to 2016
-
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/sou
rce/world-development-indicators
Australia
Dominated by Services Sector
120,00
Percent
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Manufacturing
11,56
10,98
10,55
10,86
10,88
10,33
9,89
9,29
9,20
8,45
7,99
7,37
7,05
6,61
6,37
6,30
6,09
5,80
5,78
5,61
5,63
5,55
5,42
Services
64,40
64,20
64,00
64,31
64,29
64,38
63,73
64,34
64,48
64,09
65,72
64,64
65,17
66,25
65,69
67,23
68,22
67,01
66,65
66,08
66,33
65,65
62,43
Industry
24,57
23,65
23,62
24,05
23,95
24,63
25,63
25,68
25,61
27,05
25,18
26,52
26,38
25,20
25,58
23,69
22,33
23,47
24,14
25,32
25,41
25,52
27,88
Agriculture
3,11
3,50
3,95
2,89
3,06
2,89
2,73
2,21
2,34
2,30
2,20
2,29
2,27
2,29
2,22
2,38
2,40
2,70
2,46
2,12
2,01
2,31
3,17
Sudan
Dominated by Agriculture Sector
120,00
Percent
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Manufacturing
8,30
6,45
6,42
5,92
5,56
5,06
4,53
4,50
4,51
5,13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Services
35,71
25,34
20,01
20,84
19,61
18,00
19,86
10,88
15,50
26,46
30,83
38,01
46,05
45,83
46,06
48,77
50,15
51,37
51,29
37,64
36,24
9,69
6,45
Industry
20,08
19,54
20,78
19,84
21,42
21,98
22,98
26,33
28,21
25,65
21,14
20,33
17,62
20,24
18,10
16,07
17,35
16,62
20,78
21,74
23,33
7,37
4,87
Agriculture
40,68
35,78
37,66
38,42
34,01
33,20
31,82
35,67
36,18
33,51
31,85
27,85
33,77
29,61
32,62
31,56
22,98
21,23
21,99
20,16
20,32
6,36
5,03
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/source/
world-development-indicators
Australia
Dominated by Services Labors
120,00
100,00
Percent
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Services
73,53
74,51
74,70
75,20
75,02
75,29
75,31
75,50
74,38
75,62
75,79
76,35
76,49
76,93
76,22
77,30
77,67
77,97
77,50
78,38
78,04
78,81
Industry
21,62
20,74
20,91
20,88
21,24
21,13
21,28
21,18
22,40
21,14
20,98
20,83
20,70
20,45
20,98
20,07
19,71
19,43
19,89
19,06
19,19
18,76
Agriculture
4,86
4,75
4,38
3,91
3,74
3,58
3,41
3,32
3,22
3,23
3,23
2,82
2,80
2,62
2,80
2,64
2,62
2,60
2,62
2,56
2,77
2,43
Sudan
Dominated by Agriculture Labors
120,00
Percent
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Services
34,03
34,39
34,65
35,24
35,91
36,40
37,11
36,95
37,78
38,67
39,17
40,06
40,70
41,37
41,89
42,53
43,48
43,99
44,41
45,09
44,48
44,75
Industry
14,25
14,42
14,58
14,73
14,83
14,95
15,12
15,27
15,28
14,91
14,92
15,34
14,70
14,66
14,76
14,69
14,81
14,75
14,56
14,23
14,32
14,64
Agriculture
51,72
51,19
50,77
50,04
49,26
48,64
47,77
47,78
46,94
46,42
45,91
44,60
44,60
43,97
43,35
42,78
41,71
41,26
41,04
40,69
41,20
40,61
Measure: percent
Source: The World Bank
https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators
Australia
600,00
500,00
Percent
400,00
300,00
200,00
100,00
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Prepimary
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
118,61
120,97
113,14
107,81
115,95
114,19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
157,17
153,01
150,31
132,77
140,65
134,45
100,72
100,64
101,55
101,67
102,26
102,74
103,30
105,18
105,14
105,30
105,62
105,69
105,98
105,99
105,46
101,60
100,74
100,34
100,16
99,73
99,02
-
103,53
101,40
82,52
84,06
86,61
82,87
81,79
81,63
81,34
78,55
95,16
107,60
108,86
113,63
124,23
166,99
164,55
165,69
166,16
160,21
Percent
Sudan
200,00
180,00
160,00
140,00
120,00
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
Tertiary
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
6,74
8,40
9,54
8,91
10,85
12,22
13,86
13,68
15,22
15,59
15,92
15,51
15,72
17,67
16,90
16,92
-
-
-
-
-
Secondary
-
34,58
34,57
35,88
39,07
38,75
36,86
36,17
38,28
42,32
42,52
37,56
41,23
43,61
44,85
45,62
44,13
46,62
45,86
-
-
Primary
-
59,74
59,82
61,10
62,22
63,34
67,79
67,29
72,82
72,35
71,73
69,48
70,88
72,01
72,27
73,15
75,91
76,82
78,95
-
-
Prepimary
-
19,41
19,35
22,65
22,33
22,13
24,59
24,02
27,74
35,56
31,76
35,63
38,19
42,78
43,20
44,77
45,09
46,63
47,40
-
-