Bio 140 Final Exam Study Guide SU 2023
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___Chp 1 _______
Define Anatomy and Physiology
Homeostasis and Feedback – pp. 10-12
Levels of Human Structure – pp. 14
Anatomical planes and positions – pp. 15 and DIAGRAM
Body cavities – pp. 18
Organ Systems – pp. 22-23
Medical terms – pp. 24
Directional terms – pp. 25
___Chp 2______
Atomic Structure – pp. 32
Ions – pp. 33
Macromolecules and their monomers – Section: 2.3 Organic Compounds – pp. 40-52
Enzymes – pp. 49
ATP – pp. 52
___Chp 3_____
Cell – be able to label structures and know their functions – pp.62 - DIAGRAM.
Transport Through Cellular Membranes – pp. 69 -74 (Especially, “osmosis” – red blood cell in
hypo/hyper/isotonic solution and Active Transport – requires ATP) - DIAGRAM
___Chp 4_____
Types of Tissue – Sections: 4.2-4.4 – pp. 97-114 (Especially, “function of tendons”, “most abundant cartilage”
___Chp 5_____
Layers of Skin – pp. 127-131 - DIAGRAM
___Chp 6_____
Osseous Tissue – pp. 145-149
Types of Bones – pp. 148-149 – DIAGRAM (Long bone)
Ossification – pp. 150-151 (Especially “endochondral ossification”)
___Chp 7_____
Contractile unit – pp. 201-202
Structure of Muscle Fiber – pp. 200 - DIAGRAM
Types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, smooth: know microanatomy and function – pp. 199, 215-217
Neuromuscular junction – pp. 200-204 (What happens to Na+, Ach etc.)
Types of Muscles – pp. 223-224
____Chp 8_____
CNS vs PNS – pp. 250
Structure of a Neuron – 251-252
Myelin Sheathe – pp. 256
Physiology of Neurons – pp 259-260 i.e., Action Potential (understand the graph) - DIAGRAM
Spinal Cord – pp. 265-268
Reflex Arc – pp. 274-275 – Figure 8.19
_____Chp 9____
Major Landmarks of the Brain – pp. 281-283 (especially “sulci and gyri”) Figures 9.1, 9.2
Meninges pp. 284-285
Lobes/divisions of the Brain and major functions – pp. 292-294
Cranial Nerves – pp 302-303 (especially CN1)
____Chp 10____
Types of Special Senses pp. 326-336, 339-343, 345-348
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Chemical senses – pp. 326
Anatomy and physiology of the Eye – pp. 339-343
DIAGRAM of the Ear- pp. 331
Function of the Structures of the Ear – Section 10.4
____Chp 11_____
Endocrine glands – name and main function of glands – DIAGRAM – pp. 358
Pituitary Gland – pp. 363-368 - Table 11.2 pp.367
Pair organ with Hormone - Figure 11.7
Pair hormone with Function – Endocrine chart from lecture/lab
Thymus – pp. 371
Pancreas – pp. 372-373 (especially insulin vs glucagon)
___Chp 12 ______
Red Blood cells – pp. 390-395 (Be able to identify antigens and anti-antibodies on RBCs - PPT lecture/lab)
White Blood cells – pp. 396-401 ([Especially neutrophils (granulocytes) and lymphocytes (agranulocytes)]
___Chp 14 _______
Know Lymphatic flow – pp. 465-467
Innate vs Adaptive Immunity – pp.472-476, 477-482 [Cells of Innate Immunity and what Lymphocytes produce
ANTIBODIES]
___Chp 13_______
Anatomy of the Heart – pp. 412-416 - DIAGRAMS
Flow of Blood and Conduction through the Heart – pp. 416, Figure 13.4, pp. 424, Figure 13.8, 13.9
Location of the Heart – pp. 413, Figure 13.2
___Chp 15 ______
Location of Gas Exchange – pp. 501-505 (Especially the ALVEOLUS)
Measurements of Ventilation – pp 509 and Figure 15.12
Mechanism of Breathing – atmospheric and intrapulmonary pressure pp. 512-514
____Chp 16 _____
Structure of Kidney – pp. 524, 526-527 - DIAGRAMS
Function of different structures in the Kidney (Glomerular filtration) pp. 531-540, Figure 16.7
Content of Urine – pp. 544-545, Table 16.1
Nephron – pp. 528
___Chp 17_____
Parts and Function of the Digestive tract – See Objective Study Guide PPT Chp 17, pp. 557-587, Figure 17.1. 17.2,
17.12, 17.18, pp. 581
____Chp 18_____
Examples of Carbohydrates. Lipids, proteins – pp. 595-600
Definition of a micronutrient- pp. 595
HDL, LDL, VDL – pp. 598
Definition of Lipids – pp. 597
Anaerobic vs Aerobic respiration – pp. 603-606
EQUATION for AEROBIC RESPIRATION – pp. 606, Section 18.2e – ATP Production
No. of ATP produced in Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration – pp. 604, 606
Steps of Aerobic Respiration that produce the greatest ATP – pp. 604-605, Figure 18.3 – pp. 605.
____Chp 19 _____
Ovulation – pp. 650-252, Figure 19.15
Anatomy of the Uterus – pp. 636-638, Figure 19.7
Definitions - Fertilization, Zygote, etc., - pp. 626
Male Anatomy and Function of different parts – pp. 627-635
93. Epididymis – pp. 630, Function of Male glands – pp. 631-632
GOOD LUCK! 😊