Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region III SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES Zone 6, Iba, Zambales Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391 E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph website: www.depedzambales.ph Name: ______________________________________ School: _____________________________________ Grade/Section__________ Date: __________________ LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET SCIENCE 7 I. Introduction Science probably began as a result of man’s curiosity and sense of wonder of the universe about him. It is generated by man’s urge to explore and to know- an urge that is within us all. This urge to discover and to learn allows the scientists to explain the natural world. How can a scientist explain the things that happen around us? Why is it important to acquire the right attitude in doing an investigation? How can we solve problems in a scientific way? When do scientific methods become valuable? These are some of the questions that you are going to find answers in this lesson. Are you ready to find out the importance of scientific investigation in your life? II. III. Learning Competency Describe the components of a scientific investigation (S7MT-Ia-1). Objectives: At the end of this learning activity, you are expected to: a. define a scientific method; b. identify the components of scientific investigation; 1 c. conduct simple investigation following the steps in scientific method; and d. recognize the importance of scientific values in decision-making and problem solving in daily life. IV. Discussion In Science, students and teachers sing a Science Song to review lessons. So, let us start the lesson by singing the “Scientific Method Song”. “Sistemang Harana” (to the tune of “Harana” of Parokya ni Edgar) Sa Siyensya, may Sistema Sa paglutas ng problema Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong Mga problemang nakagulo Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito. Fomulate hypothesis Generate ka ng list Sunud-sunod subukin Itesting, observing At sa bawat trial nito Tignan mo ang epekto Kung iyan nga ang dahilan O cause nito Conclusion, Recommendation ang Direksiyon. Do we follow certain steps or rules when we solve problems? Scientists do. They use specific steps and logical approach in discovering and inventing things. We might be doing the same but not as formal as what a trained scientist does. We are not just aware that we are using even the basic steps in scientific method in our everyday life. 2 The Scientific Method Scientific Method is a procedure consisting of a series of steps with the goal of problem-solving and information-gathering. The Scientific Method is split up into the following steps: 1. Identifying problem or question In this step, the researcher decides what problem he wants to study. This may appear as a simple procedure, but is actually very important. It identifies exactly what the researcher wants to learn, and it allows him to focus only on that problem. 2. Observation about the problem Data are gathered through the use of five senses and collecting information about the question. This will help him/her in making a hypothesis. Observation is one of the most basic scientific skills of gaining knowledge about something. It may involve watching, listening, smelling, touching, and even tasting. Inference is an interpretation of an observation. 3. Development of a hypothesis Hypothesis is a guess made according to the background information that has been gathered. However, it is not just a simple guess to your problem. Instead, the hypothesis is an educated or scientific guess. An important aspect of the hypothesis is that it should answer the original question, and it should be testable. 4. Design an experiment to test the hypothesis Designing an experiment whose results will either support or disprove the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is supported, then the results of the experiment will indicate that the hypothesis is correct. However, the results of your experiment can also prove that the hypothesis is wrong. 5. Collecting data Any pieces of information that you collect regarding the experiment are called DATA. Data can be quantitative or qualitative. Data 3 must be organized. It can be presented into charts, tables, or graphs. 6. Draw conclusions from your data Here, it is stated directly whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected. If the hypothesis is accepted, it should be repeated, since one of the basic foundations of the scientific method is that it is repeatable. The more an experiment is repeated, the more valid the results are. 7. Communicate the result Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience. There is a need to communicate the result of the scientific investigation especially in the presence of experts to verify the validity of the result. Scientific Method Problem Observation Hypothesis Experiment Data Conclusion Communicate the result 4 Scientific method is a powerful tool for problem solving. But how do we apply it in our daily lives? How can we be more efficient in solving our problems? We have all used scientific method in our lives in one form or the other. To apply this method, we need to be calm in order to think logically and with composure. Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The light bulb is not glowing when the switch is turned on. How do we approach and solve this problem? First, we identify the problem. Why is the light bulb not glowing when the switch is turned on? Second, we make an observation on the bulb and the switch. Third, we formulate a hypothesis. Say, the bulb is busted. Next, how do we test it? Conduct an experiment. Replace the bulb and turn on the switch. So, if the bulb glows, our hypothesis was correct, and we have solved the problem. But, if the bulb does not glow, we need to discard our first hypothesis and propose a new and improved hypothesis. Then, say the connections were faulty or wires are broken at some point. Finally, we will arrive at an answer that will solve the problem. Scientific Attitudes Scientific Values Interested and curios Realizing that science is a Honest and accurate means to understand Diligent and responsible nature Critical, analytical and Practicing a clean and rational thinker healthy life Flexible and open-minded Appreciating the balance of Objective, systematic, nature and the contribution cooperative of science and technology Fair and just Being respectful and well- Confident and independent, mannered Willing to try Being thankful to God 5 V. Activities General Directions: Write all your answer in an activity notebook. A. “Step-up” Directions: Match the statements in Column A that correspond to the given steps in Scientific Method in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer. A B 1. After an experiment, Edwin accepts his hypothesis that an increase in the amount of fertilizer dissolved in water will mean an increase in the basicity of the solution. 2. Andy would like to help his dad repair their car which is running poorly. He suggests that if they change the oil of the car then it will function properly. 3. After presenting the experimental results in table and graphs, Alex interpreted that when the mass of the moving object is kept constant, the acceleration of a moving object increases when the applied force increases. 4. Five plants treated with the new fertilizer were found to have strong stems while the other five plants with the old fertilizer have soft and easy to cut stems. 5. The scientists studying global warming want to accurately predict what the average temperature of the earth’s surface will be 100 years from now. 6. After conducting a scientific investigation on durian as an effective increaser of platelet count in rabbit, she tells her parents and teacher about her findings and prepares to present her project in Science class and in scientific community. 6 A. OBSERVATION B. PROBLEM C. INTERPRETING DATA D. COMMUNICATING THE RESULT E. HYPOTHESIS F. CONCLUSION G. EXPERIMENT 7. To identify which combination of mineral oil and “tanglad” extract will give the most soothing effect in massage, Caroline prepare 25%, 50%, 75% “tanglad” liniment mixture. 8. If John added more sugar, then the bread will rise higher. 9. If soil temperature rises, then plant growth will increase. 10. Peter watches his grandmother bake bread. He asks his grandmother what makes the bread rise. B. “Let’s Hypothesize” Directions: Study the picture. Identify the problem and make your own hypothesis based on the problem. Problem: ______________________________________________________ Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________ Problem: ______________________________________________________ Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________ Problem: ______________________________________________________ Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________ Problem: ______________________________________________________ Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________ Problem: ______________________________________________________ Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________ 7 C. “Observation vs. Inference” Directions: Classify the following as Observations or Inferences. Put check (√) on the column of the correct answer. Example: Statement Observation Inference The clouds are dark. √ It is going to rain. √ Statement 1. Hannah is a pet lover. 2. The bird hatched an egg in the birdhouse. 3. The vendor won a lottery. 4. The sprinkler was on. 5. She was pleased to receive a phone call. 6. The grass is wet. 7. I hear a ringing sound. 8. I feel that ice is cold when I touch it. 9. The footprints are 20cm long. 10. The animal was walking, not running. Observation Inference D. “Am I Qualified?” Direction: Supply the bubble map by examining your own attitudes and values based on the desirable scientific attitudes and values of a scientist. Attitudes Values 8 E. ” Let’s Investigate” Directions: Make your own simple investigation following the step in the scientific method. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD PROBLEM OBSERVATION HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENT DATA CONCLUSION COMMUNICATE THE RESULT 9 VI. Assessment A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Dr. Jose Belo invented an airplane whose engine uses alcohol as fuel, which of the following attitudes does this Filipino scientist have? a. Creativity b. Honesty c. Hard work d. Perseverance 2. Which of the following is not considered as a step of the scientific method? a. Observing and stating the problem b. Recording and analyzing the data c. Converting all the measurements to metric units d. Testing the hypothesis 3. Leonardo gave his tentative answer to the problem. Why is there a need to give hypothesis as part of the procedures in the scientific method? a. It is the answer to the problem b. It is the source of data c. It must agree with the data d. It has to be accepted or denied 4. “A/n _______________ is what you know because your senses tells you so.” a. Observation b. Inference c. Hypothesis d. Attitude 5. “I think.., It might, and probably” shows it’s a/an _______________. a. Observation b. Inference c. Hypothesis d. Attitude 10 B. Directions: Match the following definitions in Column A with the corresponding terms in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer. A B 1. Presentation of the result of the scientific investigation especially in the presence of experts. A. OBSERVATION B. PROBLEM C. INTERPRETING DATA 2. Here, it stated directly whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected. D. COMMUNICATING THE RESULT 3. This may be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative. Must be organized. F. CONCLUSION 4. The results will either support or disprove the hypothesis. G. EXPERIMENT 5. A scientific guess which is made according to the background information that has been gathered. 6. Data gathered through the use of five senses and collecting information about the question. This will help in making a hypothesis. 7. It is an interpretation of an observation. 8. In this step, the researcher decides what is that he wants to study. 9. It is a procedure consisting of a series of steps with the goal of problem-solving and information-gathering. 10. Appreciating the balance of nature and the contribution of science and technology. VII. E. HYPOTHESIS Reflection Directions: Answer the following questions: 1. What is Scientific Method? 11 H. SCIENTIFIC METHOD I. SCIENTIFIC VALUES J. INFERENCE __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the Steps in Scientific Method? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Enumerate the different scientific attitudes and values. Scientific Attitudes VIII. Scientific Values References Learning Module Science G7. Assistance Committee. 2017. Makati City. Private Education Science-Grade 7 Learner’s Material. 1st Ed. Pasig City. Department of Education. 2017. Prepared by: Eric James C. Abad Teacher II Jesus F. Magsaysay TechnicalVocational High School District of Castillejos 12