COMMUNICATION
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INTERNET
OBJECTIVES


At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
define the terms internet, intranet and extranet

explain the differences between the internet, an intranet and the World Wide Web
(WWW)

define and understand the terms: HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HyperText
Transfer Protocol secure variant (HTTPS), Uniform Resource Locator (URL),
hyperlink, Internet Service Provider (ISP), FileTransfer Protocol (FTP) and describe
the structure of a web address

explain what a web browser and a search engine is used for
THE INTERNET
• What is the internet?
 The internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices.
 The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use
internet protocols to communicate, share data and share resources.
INTRANET
 An intranet is a private network used by employees to communicate and collaborate.
Employees can also use the company intranet to share documents and create contents.
EXTRANET
 An external to the private network 2 it works similarly to a company intranet however an extranet
allows access to authorised users from outside the company his experiences may include suppliers and
partners.
COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET
WORLD WIDE WEB
 The worldwide web commonly referred to as www or the web is an interconnected system of public
web pages accessible through the Internet.
 Structure of a web address: http/www.google.com
 Protocols are a set of rules that are followed between the sender and the receiver
• ISP:
Internet service provider
• HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
A protocol that is followed between the sending and receiving devices when data is being transferred
using the internet.
• HyperText Transfer Protocol secure variant (HTTPS):
HTTP that is followed when data being transferred is encrypted
• Hyperlink:
Data that redirects the user to another webpage/section of same webpage/file when clicked.
• File Transfer Protocol(FTP):
Used to upload website files to the web hosting space. To upload these files successfully, the user needs:
o An FTP client
o Login details to the web hosting server (host and port used, username and password for FTP.
Cloud storage:
• The storage of data (remotely) on the internet.
• This data is accessible by the user with the requirement of an appropriate authentication
technique (e.g. user ID and password).
WEB BROWSERS AND SEARCH ENGINES
Browser
• What is a web browser?
 A web browser is an application software that is used to access the Internet.
Search Engine
• What is a search engine?
• How do they find web pages?
• what do they do with the web pages they find?
 search engines are programs that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to
keywords or character specified by the user.
 Three basic tasks performed by search engines:
 Crawling
 Indexing
 Ranking
CLASS QUIZ
1. The part of the internet that users can access using web browsers such as Google
Chrome is called the?
A) World Wide Web
B) The Intranet
C) HTTP
D) The Deep Web
2. Software used to view pages on the WWW?
A) Web Browser
B) Search Engine
C) Web Page Editor
D) Web App
3. What are used to navigate between web pages?
A) Hyperlinks
B) URLs
C) HTMLs
D) UTPs
4. Which of the following is an internet protocol?
A) HTTP
B) HTML
C) CSS
D) UTP
5. https://facebook.com is an example of a..?
A) URL
B) HTML
C) Protocol
D) IP Address
6. What does ISP stand for?
A) Internet Service Provider
B) Internet Switch Protocol
C) Internet Service Protocol
D) Internet Switch Provider
PAN stands
for...
Personal
Area Network
Personal
Area Network
Network
Personal
Access
Personal Access Network
7. Tethering means...
A) a smartphone acts as a router for messages, allowing messages to be sent
B) a smartphone acts as a WAN, allowing anyone to connect
C) a smartphone acts as an access point, allowing other devices to connect to it
8. Every computer connected to the Internet is identified by a unique four-part string, known as
A) IP address
B) Host name
C) Domain name
D) None of the above
9. Which one of these best describes the Internet?
A) LAN
B) WAN
C) MAN
D) VLAN
10.PAN stands for...
A) Personal Area Network
B) Personal Access Network
END