The use of electrical vehicles (EVs) as a risk management method in the delivery industry in Lebanon
Abstract
The delivery industry plays a crucial role in our economy, transporting goods and packages to
businesses and consumers around the world. As the demand for delivery services continues to
grow, companies are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. One
strategy that has gained attention in recent years is the use of EVs as a means of transportation for
delivery. EVs offer a number of potential benefits for delivery companies, including reduced fuel
costs, lower emissions, and reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns. However, there are also
challenges and limitations to consider when implementing EVs in the delivery industry, including
cost and availability, range and charging infrastructure, and potential barriers to adoption. This
paper examines the potential benefits and challenges of using EVs in delivery, and discusses the
implications for risk management strategies in the industry.
The delivery industry is constantly evolving, and companies are always looking for ways to improve
efficiency and reduce costs. One strategy that has gained attention in recent years is the use of EVs as a
means of transportation for delivery. EVs offer a number of potential benefits for delivery companies,
including reduced fuel costs, lower emissions, and reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns. However,
there are also challenges and limitations to consider when implementing EVs in the delivery industry.
Several studies have examined the potential benefits of EVs in delivery. For example, a study by the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that EVs can significantly reduce fuel costs for delivery
companies, especially in urban areas with high fuel prices. In addition, EVs produce no tailpipe
emissions, which can help to reduce the environmental impact of the delivery industry. Another study
by the European Commission found that EVs can also reduce the risk of mechanical breakdowns, as they
have fewer moving parts than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
Despite the potential benefits of EVs in delivery, there are also challenges and limitations to consider.
One major challenge is the cost and availability of EVs, as they are often more expensive upfront than
traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. In addition, the range and charging infrastructure for EVs can be a
limitation, especially for delivery companies operating in rural areas. These challenges may act as
barriers to adoption for some companies.
There is also limited research on the impact of EVs on customer satisfaction and the reputation of
delivery companies. Some studies have suggested that the use of EVs can improve a company's
reputation and customer satisfaction, as it demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and
environmental responsibility. However, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of EVs
on these factors.
In conclusion, the use of EVs in the delivery industry offers a number of potential benefits, including
reduced fuel costs, lower emissions, and reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns. However, there are
also challenges and limitations to consider, including cost and availability, range and charging
infrastructure, and potential barriers to adoption. Further research is needed to fully understand the
impact of EVs on customer satisfaction and the reputation of delivery companies
Introduction
The delivery industry plays a crucial role in our economy, transporting goods and packages to businesses
and consumers around the world. As the demand for delivery services continues to grow, companies are
constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. One strategy that has gained
attention in recent years is the use of EVs as a means of transportation for delivery.
EVs are powered by electricity rather than gasoline, and they offer a number of potential benefits for
delivery companies. One major benefit is the potential to reduce fuel costs. Because EVs are powered by
electricity, they do not rely on fluctuating gasoline prices. This can help to reduce the risk of financial
losses for delivery companies due to unexpected fuel price increases. In addition, EVs produce no
tailpipe emissions, which can help to reduce the environmental impact of the delivery industry. This can
be especially beneficial for companies looking to improve their sustainability and reduce their carbon
footprint.
Another potential benefit of EVs in delivery is that they can reduce the risk of accidents and injuries. EVs
have no tailpipe emissions, which means they do not produce harmful pollutants that can contribute to
air pollution and respiratory issues. This can help to reduce the risk of health problems for delivery
drivers and other road users. In addition, EVs are generally quieter than traditional gasoline-powered
vehicles, which can help to reduce the risk of noise pollution and related health issues.
However, there are also challenges and limitations to consider when implementing EVs in the delivery
industry. One major challenge is the cost and availability of EVs, as they are often more expensive
upfront than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. In addition, the range and charging infrastructure
for EVs can be a limitation, especially for delivery companies operating in rural areas. These challenges
may act as barriers to adoption for some companies.
Despite these challenges, the use of EVs in delivery is an increasingly popular topic of discussion and
research. Many delivery companies are exploring the potential benefits and limitations of EVs, and some
have already successfully implemented them in their operations. In this paper, we will examine the
potential benefits and challenges of using EVs in delivery, and discuss the implications for risk
management strategies in the industry
1. Hypothesis: The use of EVs in the delivery industry in Lebanon will lead to a reduction in air
pollution and associated health risks. Test: Compare the levels of air pollution and associated
health risks in areas where EVs are used for delivery with those in areas where traditional
internal combustion engine vehicles are used.
2. Hypothesis: The use of EVs in the delivery industry in Lebanon will lead to a reduction in fuel
price volatility. Test: Compare the volatility of fuel prices in Lebanon with and without the
adoption of EVs in the delivery industry.
3. Hypothesis: The lack of charging infrastructure is a major barrier to the widespread adoption of
EVs in the delivery industry in Lebanon. Test: Conduct a survey of delivery companies in Lebanon
to determine the extent to which the lack of charging infrastructure is a barrier to the adoption
of EVs, and identify potential solutions to this problem.
Note that these hypotheses are just suggestions and it's important to consider the feasibility of testing
them, as well as to consult with your supervisor and conduct a thorough research on your topic to
develop a solid and well-supported thesis.
Objective for the research
Here are some potential objectives for a research study on the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) as a risk
management method in the delivery industry:
1. To identify the potential benefits and challenges of using EVs for delivery, and how they impact
risk management strategies in the industry.
2. To examine the impact of the use of EVs for delivery on customer satisfaction and the
reputation of delivery companies.
3. To understand the experiences and best practices of delivery companies that have successfully
implemented EVs for delivery.
4. To identify the key factors that influence the decision of delivery companies to adopt or not
adopt EVs for delivery.
5. To provide recommendations for delivery companies considering the adoption of EVs for
delivery, based on the findings of the study
Swot analysis
Strengths:

Reduced fuel costs: EVs are powered by electricity rather than gasoline, which can significantly
reduce fuel costs for delivery companies, especially in areas with high fuel prices.

Lower emissions: EVs produce no tailpipe emissions, which can help to reduce the
environmental impact of the delivery industry and improve air quality.

Reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns: EVs have fewer moving parts than traditional gasolinepowered vehicles, which can reduce the risk of mechanical breakdowns and related downtime.

Potential for improved reputation and customer satisfaction: The use of EVs may be seen as a
sign of a company's commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility, which could
improve its reputation and customer satisfaction.
Weaknesses:

Higher upfront cost: EVs are often more expensive upfront than traditional gasoline-powered
vehicles, which can be a barrier to adoption for some companies.

Limited range and charging infrastructure: The range and availability of charging infrastructure
for EVs can be a limitation, especially in rural areas. This can affect the feasibility of using EVs for
delivery in some locations.

Dependence on electricity: EVs are powered by electricity, which means they are dependent on
the availability and reliability of the electrical grid. This can be a concern for some companies.
Opportunities:

Government incentives: Many governments offer incentives and subsidies for the adoption of
EVs, which can help to offset the higher upfront cost.

Growing market: The market for EVs is growing, which means there are more options and
advancements in technology available for companies considering the adoption of EVs for
delivery.

Potential for cost savings: In addition to reduced fuel costs, the use of EVs may also result in
other cost savings, such as reduced maintenance costs due to fewer moving parts.
Threats:

Fluctuations in electricity prices: While EVs do not rely on fluctuating gasoline prices, they are
powered by electricity, which means they are subject to fluctuations in electricity prices. This
can be a risk for companies relying on EVs for delivery.

Competition from other companies: As the adoption of EVs for delivery increases, companies
that do not adopt EVs may face competitive disadvantages.

Changes in government policies: Changes in government policies and incentives related to EVs
could affect the feasibility of using EVs for delivery.
Overall, the use of EVs for delivery offers a number of potential benefits, including reduced fuel costs,
lower emissions, and reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns. However, there are also challenges and
limitations to consider, including higher upfront cost, limited range and charging infrastructure, and
dependence on electricity. Companies considering the adoption of EVs for delivery should carefully
evaluate these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to make informed decisions
about their risk management strategies.
Porters analysis
1. Threat of new entrants: The use of EVs for delivery may be seen as a competitive advantage for
delivery companies, as it demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and environmental
responsibility. This could potentially act as a barrier to entry for new entrants to the market.
2. Threat of substitutes: The use of EVs for delivery may not be a feasible option for all delivery
companies, especially in areas with limited charging infrastructure or high upfront costs. In
these cases, companies may turn to other forms of transportation, such as gasoline-powered
vehicles or alternative modes of transportation, as substitutes for EVs.
3. Bargaining power of buyers: Customers may prefer to use delivery companies that use EVs, as it
demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. This may give
buyers some bargaining power in terms of their choice of delivery company.
4. Bargaining power of suppliers: The supply chain for EVs is still developing, and there may be
limited options for delivery companies looking to purchase EVs. This could potentially give
suppliers some bargaining power in terms of pricing and availability of EVs.
5. Rivalry among existing competitors: The use of EVs for delivery may be seen as a competitive
advantage for delivery companies, and companies that adopt EVs may have an advantage over
those that do not. This could potentially increase rivalry among existing competitors.
Pest analysis
Political:

Government incentives and subsidies: Many governments offer incentives and subsidies for the
adoption of EVs, which can help to offset the higher upfront cost and encourage companies to
adopt EVs for delivery.

Government policies and regulations: Governments may also implement policies and
regulations related to the use of EVs, such as tax credits or emissions standards, which can
affect the feasibility of using EVs for delivery.

Infrastructure development: Governments may also invest in the development of charging
infrastructure for EVs, which can improve the feasibility of using EVs for delivery in certain areas.
Economic:

Fuel costs: The cost of fuel is an important factor for delivery companies, and the use of EVs can
significantly reduce fuel costs, especially in areas with high fuel prices.

Electricity prices: While EVs do not rely on fluctuating gasoline prices, they are powered by
electricity, which means they are subject to fluctuations in electricity prices. This can be a risk
for companies relying on EVs for delivery.

Competition: As the adoption of EVs for delivery increases, companies that do not adopt EVs
may face competitive disadvantages.
Social:

Customer preferences: Consumers may prefer to use delivery companies that use EVs, as it
demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility.

Social media and public perception: The use of EVs may also affect a company's reputation and
public perception, especially if it is promoted on social media or in the media.
Technological:

Advances in EV technology: As the market for EVs continues to grow, there are likely to be
advancements in EV technology, which can improve the feasibility and benefits of using EVs for
delivery.

Charging infrastructure: The development of charging infrastructure for EVs is also likely to
improve, which can increase the feasibility of using EVs for delivery.
Environmental:

Emissions: The use of EVs can significantly reduce emissions compared to traditional gasolinepowered vehicles, which can have a positive impact on the environment and air quality.
Legal:

Government policies and regulations: Governments may also implement policies and
regulations related to the use of EVs, such as emissions standards or incentives for adoption,
which can affect the feasibility of using EVs for delivery.
Overall, the use of EVs for delivery is influenced by a variety of political, economic, social, and
technological factors. Companies considering the adoption of EVs for delivery should carefully evaluate
these factors in order to make informed decisions about their risk management strategies.
Research Problem
The delivery industry plays a crucial role in our economy, transporting goods and packages to businesses
and consumers around the world. As the demand for delivery services continues to grow, companies are
constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency and reduce costs. One strategy that has gained
attention in recent years is the use of EVs as a means of transportation for delivery. EVs offer a number
of potential benefits for delivery companies, including reduced fuel costs, lower emissions, and reduced
risk of mechanical breakdowns. However, there are also challenges and limitations to consider when
implementing EVs in the delivery industry, including cost and availability, range and charging
infrastructure, and potential barriers to adoption.
Despite the potential benefits and challenges of using EVs in delivery, there is limited research on the
topic, and there is a need for more information on the feasibility and potential benefits of EVs for
delivery companies. In particular, there is a lack of data on the impact of EVs on customer satisfaction
and the reputation of delivery companies, and there is a need for more comprehensive analysis of the
challenges and limitations of using EVs for delivery.
Therefore, the problem to be addressed in this study is to better understand the feasibility and potential
benefits of using EVs as a risk management method in the delivery industry, as well as the challenges
and limitations faced by companies considering the adoption of EVs for delivery.
Research questions
1. What are the potential benefits and challenges of using EVs for delivery, and how do they
impact risk management strategies in the industry?
2. How does the use of EVs for delivery affect customer satisfaction and the reputation of delivery
companies?
Methodology
1. Research design: The study will use a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both
qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods.
2. Data collection: Data will be collected using a combination of surveys, interviews, and case
studies. Surveys will be administered to a sample of delivery companies that use EVs and those
that do not, in order to gather data on the benefits, challenges, and risk management strategies
related to the use of EVs for delivery. Interviews will be conducted with key stakeholders in the
delivery industry, including delivery company owners and managers, delivery drivers, and
customers, in order to gather in-depth insights and perspectives on the use of EVs for delivery.
Case studies will be conducted on a small number of delivery companies that have successfully
implemented EVs for delivery, in order to understand their experiences and best practices.
3. Data analysis: Quantitative data collected through surveys will be analyzed using descriptive
statistics and inferential statistics, in order to identify trends and patterns in the data.
Qualitative data collected through interviews and case studies will be analyzed using content
analysis, in order to identify themes and patterns in the data.
4. Validity and reliability: To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the research
instruments will be tested and refined through pilot testing, and the data collection and analysis
process will be carefully documented and checked for errors.
5. Ethical considerations: Informed consent will be obtained from all participants in the study, and
confidentiality and anonymity will be maintained. The study will also be reviewed and approved
by an ethics committee
Recommendations
It is difficult to provide specific recommendations without knowing the specific findings of a research
study. However, here are some general recommendations that could potentially be made based on the
results of a study on the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) as a risk management method in the delivery
industry:
1. Companies should carefully consider the potential benefits and challenges of using EVs for
delivery, and how they impact risk management strategies.
2. Companies should consider the impact of the use of EVs on customer satisfaction and
reputation, and consider how they can effectively communicate their commitment to
sustainability and environmental responsibility to customers.
3. Companies should carefully evaluate the feasibility of using EVs for delivery based on factors
such as cost, range and charging infrastructure, and the specific needs of their business and
customers.
4. Companies should consider seeking out government incentives and subsidies for the adoption of
EVs, as well as exploring options for financing the upfront cost of EVs.
5. Companies should consider seeking out the support and guidance of organizations and
resources that specialize in the adoption of EVs for delivery, such as industry associations or
consulting firms.
Results
1. Identification of the main benefits and challenges of using EVs for delivery, such as reduced fuel
costs, lower emissions, and reduced risk of mechanical breakdowns, as well as challenges such
as higher upfront cost and limited range and charging infrastructure.
2. An understanding of the impact of the use of EVs on customer satisfaction and the reputation of
delivery companies, including any positive or negative perceptions of EVs among customers.
3. Insights into the experiences and best practices of delivery companies that have successfully
implemented EVs for delivery, including strategies for overcoming challenges and realizing
benefits.
4. Identification of the key factors that influence the decision of delivery companies to adopt or
not adopt EVs for delivery, such as cost, range and charging infrastructure, and customer
preferences.
5. Recommendations for delivery companies considering the adoption of EVs for delivery, based
on the findings of the study.
purpose ?
The purpose of a research study on the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) as a risk management method in
the delivery industry would be to better understand the feasibility and potential benefits of using EVs
for delivery, as well as the challenges and limitations faced by companies considering the adoption of
EVs for delivery. By conducting such a study, researchers and industry stakeholders would be able to
gain a deeper understanding of the issues and factors that are most important to consider when
evaluating the use of EVs for delivery. This information could be useful for delivery companies looking to
make informed decisions about their risk management strategies, and for policy makers and industry
stakeholders looking to promote the adoption of EVs for delivery.
significance of study ?
A study on the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) as a risk management method in the delivery industry
could have a number of significant implications and contribute to a better understanding of the
feasibility and potential benefits of using EVs for delivery. Some potential ways in which such a study
could be significant include:
1. Identifying the main benefits and challenges of using EVs for delivery, and how they impact risk
management strategies in the industry. This information could be useful for delivery companies
considering the adoption of EVs, as it can help them to make informed decisions about their risk
management strategies.
2. Examining the impact of the use of EVs for delivery on customer satisfaction and the reputation
of delivery companies. This information could be useful for delivery companies looking to
improve customer satisfaction and enhance their reputation, as it can help them to understand
the factors that are most important to customers.
3. Understanding the experiences and best practices of delivery companies that have successfully
implemented EVs for delivery. This information could be useful for delivery companies looking
to adopt EVs for delivery, as it can provide practical insights and guidance on how to overcome
challenges and realize benefits.
4. Identifying the key factors that influence the decision of delivery companies to adopt or not
adopt EVs for delivery. This information could be useful for policy makers and industry
stakeholders looking to promote the adoption of EVs for delivery, as it can help them to
understand the factors that are most important to delivery companies.
5. Providing recommendations for delivery companies considering the adoption of EVs for delivery,
based on the findings of the study. This information could be useful
6. Sure! Here is an example of a hypothesis for a research study on the use of electrical vehicles
(EVs) as a risk management method in the delivery industry:
7. "The use of EVs for delivery will significantly reduce fuel costs for delivery companies, resulting
in increased profitability and risk management."
8. This hypothesis suggests that the use of EVs for delivery is expected to lead to significant
reductions in fuel costs for delivery companies, which in turn is expected to result in increased
profitability and improved risk management. This hypothesis could be tested through a study
that compares the fuel costs and profitability of delivery companies that use EVs with those that
do not, and investigates whether the use of EVs is associated with improved risk management
outcomes.
Interview Questions
1. What is your company's current method of transportation for delivery?
2. How much do you currently spend on fuel for delivery vehicles?
3. Have you considered switching to EVs for delivery? If not, why not?
4. If you have considered switching to EVs for delivery, what are the main challenges or concerns
that have held you back?
5. How do you think the use of EVs for delivery would impact your company's fuel costs?
6. Do you think the use of EVs for delivery would have a positive impact on your company's
reputation and/or customer satisfaction? Why or why not?
7. Have you received any inquiries or feedback from customers about your company's use of EVs
for delivery? If so, please describe.
8. How important is sustainability and environmental responsibility to your company?
9. Do you think the use of EVs for delivery would have any impact on the reliability or speed of
your delivery service? If so, please describe.
10. Are there any other factors that you think should be considered when deciding whether to
switch to EVs for delivery? If so, please describe.
1. What is your company's current method of transportation for delivery?
2. Does your company currently use any EVs for delivery?
3. If not, what are the main reasons your company has not adopted EVs for delivery?
4. If your company does use EVs for delivery, what are the main benefits you have experienced as
a result?
5. What challenges or limitations has your company encountered in using EVs for delivery?
6. Does your company have plans to expand the use of EVs for delivery in the future? If not, why
not?
7. In your opinion, how does the use of EVs for delivery compare to other risk management
strategies your company has implemented?
8. Do you believe that the use of EVs for delivery has had a positive impact on your company's
reputation and/or customer satisfaction? Why or why not?
9. How do you think the use of EVs for delivery will evolve in the future?
10. Are there any additional comments or insights you would like to share regarding the use of EVs
for delivery at your company?
Here are some potential survey questions that could be used to gather data on customers' perceptions
of the use of electrical vehicles (EVs) in delivery:
1. Have you noticed any differences in the delivery process since your company started using EVs?
If so, please describe.
2. Do you believe that the use of EVs has had a positive impact on the environment? Why or why
not?
3. How do you think the use of EVs has affected the quality and reliability of the delivery service?
4. Would you be more likely to use a delivery company that uses EVs over one that does not? Why
or why not?
5. Do you think the use of EVs should be more widespread in the delivery industry? Why or why
not?
6. Are there any additional comments or insights you would like to share regarding the use of EVs
in delivery?
7. How important is sustainability and environmental responsibility to you when choosing a
delivery company?
8. Have you noticed any differences in the cost of delivery services since your company started
using EVs? If so, please describe.
9. Do you think the use of EVs has had any impact on the speed of delivery? If so, please describe.
10. Are there any other factors that you consider when choosing a delivery company? If so, please
describe