The Near-­‐Infrared Vola0le Spectrometer System (NIRVSS) for Explora0on of Vola0le Deposits at the Lunar Poles The Resource Prospector Mission packages the RESOLVE payload on a rover-­‐based plakorm. See: Anthony Colaprete’s Talk Thu Jul 18, 2013 Session 6B 1:30-­‐1:45pm PDT K. Ennico1*, A. Colaprete1, J. Benton2, A. Cook1, J. Forgione1, E. Fritzler2, R. McMurray1, S. Morse1, T.L. Roush1, S. Thompson1, K. Vargo1, B. White1 1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffei Field, CA, 2Intrinsyx Technologies Corpora0on NASA Research Park, Moffei Field, CA. *Kimberly.Ennico@nasa.gov An Engineering Design Unit (EDU) is undergoing performance and environmental tes0ng at NASA Ames in FY2013. ScienIfic RaIonale for the RESOLVEa (Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen & Lunar VolaIle ExtracIon) Payload Spectrometer Module NIRVSS Science Requirements Trace to RESOLVE Level 2 (L2) Requirements Given: There are potenIally substanIal hydrogen rich resources on the Moon… Then: We must gain the necessary knowledge to guide future mission architectures to allow effecIve uIlizaIon of in-­‐situ resources to their fullest extent and opImum benefit. § Understand the resources – What resources are there (minerals, vola0les, water/ice)? – How abundant is each resource? – What are the areal and ver0cal distribu0ons and hetero/homogeneity? – How much energy is required to locate, acquire and evolve/separate the resources? Bracket Assembly § Understand environment impact on extracIon and processing hardware – What is the local temperature and illumina0on environment? – What are the physical/mineralogical proper0es of the local regolith? – Are there extant vola0les that are detrimental to processing hardware or humans? – What is the impact of significant mechanical ac0vi0es on the environment? § Design and uIlize hardware to the maximum extent pracIcal that has applicability to follow-­‐on ISRU missions – Can we effec0vely separate and capture vola0les of interest? – Can we execute repeated processing cycles (reusable chamber seals, tolerance to thermal cycles)? D OC
aSanders, G., et al. Vol. 6, EPSC-­‐DPS2011-­‐1605 (2011) RESOLVE Engineering Design Unit (EDU) Lamp FOV Spectrometer FOV V
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Wavelength Coverage & Spectral ResoluIon For Water & VolaIle DetecIon Thermal Background CorrecIon Payload Manager: Jacqueline Quinn (NASA KSC) Deputy Payload Mgr: R. Scoi Baird (NASA JSC) DRILL POC: Canadian Space Agency Purpose: Acquire subsurface samples for vola0le analysis. Determine geotechnical parameters of drilled areas. 66
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NIRVSS/NIR VolaIle Spectrometer Subsystem POC: Anthony Colaprete/NASA Ames • Fiber-­‐Fed Spectrometers • Lamp Illumina0on System • LCS/Longwave Calibra0on Sensors m 85
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OVEN POC: Aaron Paz/NASA JSC Purpose: Heat regolith segments to drive off vola0les to be analyzed Extract oxygen from regolith for ISRU demonstra0on. Purpose: Monitor the surface during rover traverses and at excava0on sites for water and other vola0les. Observe the immediate vicinity of the core site before and during auger/core opera0ons to look for near real-­‐
0me changes in the proper0es of the materials exposed during the augering and coring process. NIRVSS Spectrometer Module (D) (A) (C) (D) The ra0o of thermal emission to the total flux (thermal plus reflected sunlight) for a range of temperatures and two ranges of regolith grain sizes. The spectral IR reflectance of anorthosi0c material was used. For the range of temperatures expected, 200-­‐350 K, thermal emission from the surface contributes to the measured spectral signal and interferes with the water 3.0 µm depth calcula0on. In addi0on to the NIR spectrometer’s 3.0 µm measurement, the NIRVSS LCS provides an independent mechanism for correc0ng lunar thermal emission. (B) Lamp Assembly Heater Control Thermostat Dual Bulb Lamp Chamber NIRVSS EDU TesIng at NASA Ames 2013 Power Condi0oning and Interface Avionics Electrical Board Interface Interface Board Two separate spectrometer modules with their control Dual Op0cal electronics are contained within Engines a single enclosure. The instruments are powered by a 28 V external supply. Op0cal input is through a single fiber per each channel. The spectrometers were built by Thermofisher Scien0fic and draw flight heritage from the LCROSS Near-­‐Infrared Spectrometersb. bEnnico, K., et al. Space Sci Rev, Vol. 167, Issue 1-­‐4, p. 23-­‐69 (2011) June 2013 Spectrometer TVAC The NIRVSS EDU has undergone thermal vacuum (top let) and vibra0on tes0ng (middle let). Results from early illumina0on tests (boiom let), at ambient pressure/temperature, are shown below. Blue regions highlight where water bands occur in this spectral range. The NIRVSS spectra (blue and red solid lines) show water-­‐detec0on in the test’s 30 cm distance path-­‐length. Our SNR=100 at 2.0 µm & 3.0 µm May 2013 performance requirement is Spectrometer shown by the horizontal black Vibe Test NIRVSS Fiber Apertures (E) Test image of “builder’s sand” in the foreground and “basalt shaiercones” in the background taken by the DOC engineering design unit (EDU). The drill string is 12.7 mm diameter and the image resolu0on is 0.2 mm/pixel. The DOC EDU has 0.25 mm/pixel. With this camera posi0oned 30 cm away from the tailings pile, a 1 pixel error in determining the width and/or height of the pile would result in an uncertainty of +/-­‐ 0.25 degree in the angle of repose. (A) Spectral features of ices, minerals and organics. The blue box shows the NIRVSS spectral coverage that spans mul0ple features of vola0les and the 3.0µm fundamental water band. NIRVSS wavelength range is: SW (Short Wavelength module) 1.596 -­‐ 2.396 µm ; LW (Long Wavelength module) 2.311 -­‐ 3.391 µm. (B) For species iden0fica0on, the spectral resolu0on required is: H2O: 20-­‐30 nm, NH3: 10-­‐20 nm, CO2: 10-­‐20 nm, CH4: 20-­‐30 nm. NIRVSS resoluIon is: SW 13.3 nm (λ=1.8 µm), 13.7 nm (λ=2.0µm), 15.6 nm (λ=2.4 µm); LW 14.7 nm (λ=2.4 µm), 16.0 nm (λ=3.0 µm), 21.9 nm (λ=3.4 µm). (C) Computa0on of 0.5% (by mass) water detec0on computa0ons using 16.0 nm (λ=3.0 µm) spectral resolu0on specifica0on for range of water ice/regolith grain sizes. NIRVSS Bracket Assembly Spectrometer PCBs Grain Size DeterminaIon (E) LAVA/Lunar Advanced VolaIle Analysis POC: Janine Captain/NASA KSC • GC/Gas Chromatograph • GSS/Gas Supply System • MS/Mass Spectrometer • FSS/Fluid Subsystem • SDS/Sample Delivery System • NIRST/NIR Spectrometer for Surge Tank • WDD/Water Droplet Demo Purpose: IdenIfy and quanIfy the gases released by OVEN from regolith. Condense water for ISRU demonstra0on. 1550 mm NSS/Neutron Spectrometer Subsystem POC: Rick Elphic/NASA Ames • Sensor Module • Data Processing Module Purpose: Monitor the surface/
subsurface during rover traverses and at excava0on sites for water and other hydrogenous vola0les. Map the volumetric distribu0on of hydrogen in 3-­‐dimensions. FOV
• [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐Spec-­‐1] NIRVSS shall iden0fy the presence of water when the total concentra0on of water is greater than 0.5% by weight. [Trace: L2-­‐SRD-­‐44] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐Spec-­‐2] NIRVSS shall dis0nguish between water ice and bound or adsorbed water in the lunar regolith when the total concentra0on of water is greater than 0.5% by weight. [Trace: L2-­‐SRD-­‐117] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐Spec-­‐3] NIRVSS shall resolve spectral features to iden0fy mineral features (e.g., silicates, hydroxyl-­‐bearing minerals) and iden0fy and quan0fy vola0les (e.g., CO2, H2O (g), H2S, NH3, SO2, CH-­‐bearing compounds). [Trace: L2-­‐SRD-­‐84, L2-­‐
SRD-­‐85] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐DOC-­‐1] NIRVSS DOC shall be capable of spa0ally resolving regolith grains of ≥ 0.5 mm. [Trace: L2-­‐SRD-­‐86] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐DOC-­‐2] NIRVSS DOC shall be capable of imaging the lunar surface during traverse and auger/core ac0vi0es. [Trace: L2-­‐SRD-­‐26] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐LCS-­‐1] The NIRVSS Longwave Calibra0on Sensor shall dis0nguish the surface temperature between 200-­‐350 K while roving and drilling ac0vi0es. [Trace: L2-­‐
SRD-­‐75] • [NIRVSS-­‐SRD-­‐LCS-­‐2] Stretch Goal: The NIRVSS Longwave Calibra0on Sensor should iden0fy when surface temperatures or auger tailings are less than 140 K. [Trace: L2-­‐
SRD-­‐75] Drill Opera0ons Longwave Calibra0on DOC Lamp Camera (DOC) Sensors (LCS) Assembly Assembly line. The NIRVSS SW module SNR (blue dashed line) exceeds this. Op0miza0on of the LW module (red dashed line) is underway. Future performance tests will constrain the percentage of water in a wet-­‐lunar simulant when illuminated and viewed by NIRVSS. LCS The bracket assembly contains a dual-­‐bulb lamp (designed to provide uniform illumina0on over 24° diameter), two spectrometer fiber inputs, the Drill Opera0ons Camera (DOC) with lens, three Dexter pyrometers (the Longwave Calibra0on Sensor (LCS) suite), a power condi0oning and interface board, opera0onal/survival heaters and temperature sensors. The lamp, fiber, DOC, and LCS fields-­‐of-­‐view are co-­‐boresighted. June 2013 Lamp Radiance Test