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_
Modul
e:
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks
I
nst
r
uct
or:
Nei
l
S.Abr
at
i
gui
n
Cont
actNumber
:
09309999882
Book:
Li
f
e,
Wor
ks,
andWr
i
t
i
ngsofaGeni
us,
Wr
i
t
er
,
Sci
ent
i
st
,
andNat
i
onalHer
o
Aut
hor
:
Gr
egor
i
oF.Zai
deandSoni
aM.Zai
de
Publ
i
shed:
Al
l
Nat
i
onPubl
i
shi
ngCo.I
nc.
Edi
t
i
on:
2ndEdi
t
i
on
Topi
c5:
ThePhi
l
i
ppi
nei
nt
he19thcent
ur
yasRi
zal
’
scont
ext
:
Pol
i
t
i
cal
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Li
ber
al
i
sm
 Li
ber
al
i
sm i
sawor
l
dv
i
ewf
oundedoni
deasoff
r
eedom andequal
i
t
y
.
 Li
ber
al
snor
mal
l
ybel
i
ev
et
hatgov
er
nmenti
snecessar
yt
opr
ot
ecti
ndi
v
i
dual
sf
r
om bei
ngabusedby
ot
her
st
hought
heyar
eal
soawar
et
hatgov
er
nmenti
t
sel
fcanposeat
hr
eatt
ol
i
ber
t
y(
Mañebogetal
.
,
2018)
.
 TheFr
enchr
ev
ol
ut
i
on(
17891799)st
ar
t
edapol
i
t
i
cal
r
ev
ol
ut
i
oni
nEur
opeandi
nsomepar
t
soft
hewor
l
d.
 Wi
t
ht
heov
er
t
hr
ow ofmonar
chi
alr
ul
e,democr
at
i
cpr
i
nci
pl
esofLi
ber
t
y
,Equal
i
t
yandFr
at
er
ni
t
y
—t
he
bat
t
l
ecr
yoft
heFr
enchRev
ol
ut
i
onst
ar
t
edt
ospr
eadi
nEur
opeandar
oundt
hewor
l
d.(
Val
l
ano,
nd.
)
.
 Theopeni
ngoft
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nesi
nt
owor
l
dt
r
adeandt
heopeni
ngoft
heSuezCanalcr
eat
edaneconomi
c
andpol
i
t
i
cal
change.
 Thel
i
ber
al
i
deasf
r
om Eur
opeandAmer
i
capenet
r
at
edt
hecount
r
yaf
f
ect
edt
hel
i
v
esoft
heFi
l
i
pi
nos.
 Thepol
i
t
i
calt
hought
sofknownl
i
ber
alt
hi
nker
ssuchasJeanJacquesRousseau(
Soci
alCont
r
act
)
,
John
Locke (
Two Tr
eat
i
ses of Gov
er
nment
)
,Thomas Pai
ne (
Common Sense)
,Thomas Jef
f
er
son,
Mont
esqui
eu,
Vol
t
ai
r
e,
hadr
eachal
sot
hecount
r
y
.
 Phi
l
i
ppi
nesact
ual
l
yexper
i
enceofl
i
ber
al
i
sm camewhenQueenI
sabel
aI
Iwasoust
edt
hr
oughamut
i
ny
i
n1868.
 Gov
.GenCar
l
osMar
i
aDel
aTor
r
ei
nst
i
t
ut
edchanges:
 Her
ecogni
zedt
hef
r
eedom ofspeechandofpr
ess.
 Theabol
i
t
i
onofcensor
shi
p.
 Hi
st
ol
er
ance pol
i
cy t
o Fi
l
i
pi
no pr
i
estl
i
ke Jose Bur
gos was encour
age t
of
i
ghtf
ort
he
secul
ar
i
zat
i
onofPar
i
shes.
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|1
 Hi
speacef
ul
sol
ut
i
ont
ot
heCav
i
t
eagr
ar
i
anpr
obl
em wasoneofhi
sbestachi
ev
ement
s.
 Whenhesol
v
edt
hepr
obl
em wi
t
houtbl
oodshed.
I
mpactoft
heBour
bonRef
or
m
 Bour
bonRef
or
mswer
eset
sofeconomi
candpol
i
t
i
call
egi
sl
at
i
onspr
omul
gat
edbyt
heSpani
shCr
own
underv
ar
i
ouski
ngs:Ki
ngPhi
l
i
pV(
17001746)
,Fer
di
nandVI(
r
.17461759)
,Char
l
esI
I
I(
r
.17591788)
,
andChar
l
esI
V(
1788180)i
nt
he18thcent
ur
y
.
 Thecr
ownpur
suedst
at
edsupr
emacyov
ert
heCat
hol
i
cChur
ch,r
esul
t
i
ngi
nt
hesuppr
essi
onoft
he
Soci
et
yofJesusi
n1767aswel
l
asanat
t
emptt
oabol
i
sheccl
esi
ast
i
cal
pr
i
v
i
l
ege(
Ar
i
ol
a,
2018)
.
 Thei
mpactofBour
bonRef
or
msgav
eadeepconsequencesofcol
oni
alpol
i
cyi
nnov
at
i
onsar
eas,such
asMexi
co.
 Thei
mpactgav
et
henat
i
v
esi
nt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nes,t
hei
deat
hatcol
oni
zat
i
oncoul
dbedonewi
t
houtmuch
i
nt
er
v
ent
i
onf
r
om t
heCat
hol
i
cChur
ch(
Mañebogetal
.
,
2018)
.
TheCadi
zConst
i
t
ut
i
on
 OnMar
ch1819,
1812Agr
oupof300deput
i
esf
r
om Spani
shAmer
i
caandt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nespr
omul
gat
eda
l
i
ber
alconst
i
t
ut
i
oncal
l
edast
heCadi
zConst
i
t
ut
i
ont
heMedi
t
er
r
aneanpor
tofCadi
zhav
i
ngPedr
oPer
ez
DeTagl
eandJoseManuel
Cor
et
t
oast
hef
i
r
stdel
egat
esf
r
om t
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nes.
 TheCadi
zConst
i
t
ut
i
ondecl
ar
edt
hat“
sov
er
ei
gnt
yr
esi
dest
henat
i
on,whi
cht
heexcl
usi
v
er
i
ghtt
o
est
abl
i
shi
t
sf
undament
al
l
aws”
 The est
abl
i
shmentoft
he uni
v
er
salmal
e suf
f
r
age,nat
i
onalsov
er
ei
gnt
y
,const
i
t
ut
i
onalmonar
chy
,
f
r
eedom ofpr
ess,
l
andr
ef
or
m,
f
r
eeent
er
pr
i
seandgr
ant
i
ngal
l
i
t
scol
oni
esr
epr
esent
at
i
onaspr
ov
i
ncesi
n
t
heSpani
shCor
t
es(
Pedr
osa,
n.
d.
)
.
 Thef
i
r
stel
ect
i
onofdeput
i
esi
nt
heSpani
shCor
t
esr
esul
t
edt
ot
hesel
ect
i
onofVent
ur
adel
osRey
es
(
El
i
zal
de.2013
Topi
c6:
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
e:
Fami
l
y
,
Chi
l
dhoodandEar
l
yEducat
i
on
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Fami
l
yBackgr
ound
TheBi
r
t
hofaHer
o(
JoséPr
ot
aci
oRi
zalMer
cadoyAl
onsoReal
onda)




Bor
n:
Moonl
i
ghtni
ghtofWednesday
,
June19,
1861.
Pl
aceofBi
r
t
h:
Lakeshor
et
ownofCal
amba,
LagunaPr
ov
i
nce,
Phi
l
i
ppi
nes
Hi
smot
heral
mostdi
eddur
i
ngt
hedel
i
v
er
ybecauseofhi
sbi
ghead.
Her
ecount
edmanyy
ear
sl
at
eri
nhi
sst
udent
smemoi
r
s:“
Iwasbor
ni
nCal
ambaon19
June,1861,bet
ween el
ev
en and mi
dni
ght
,a f
ew day
s bef
or
ef
ul
lmoon.I
twas a
Wednesdayandmycomi
ngouti
nt
hi
sv
al
eoft
ear
swoul
dhav
ecostmymot
herherl
i
f
e
hadshenotv
owedt
ot
hev
i
r
gi
nofAnt
i
pol
ot
ot
akemet
ohersanct
uar
ybywayof
pi
l
gr
i
mage.
”
Bapt
i
sm:Hewasbapt
i
zedi
nCat
hol
i
cChur
chofhi
st
ownonJune22,agedt
hr
eeday
sol
d,bypar
i
shpr
i
est
,
Fat
herRuf
i
noCol
l
ant
es,
whoi
sBat
angueño.
 Hi
sgodf
at
her(
ni
nong)wasFat
herPedr
oCasanas,nat
i
v
eofCal
ambaandcl
osef
r
i
endof
t
heRi
zal
f
ami
l
y
.
 Hi
sname“
Jose”waschosenbyhi
smot
herwhoi
sdev
ot
eeoft
heChr
i
st
i
ansai
ntSanJose
(
St
.Joseph)
.
 Dur
i
ngt
hechr
i
st
eni
ngcer
emonyFat
herCol
l
ant
eswasi
mpr
essedbyt
hebaby
’
sbi
ghead,
andt
ol
dt
hemember
soft
hef
ami
l
ywhower
epr
esent
:“
Takegoodcar
eoft
hi
schi
l
d,f
or
somedayhewi
l
lbecomeagr
eatman”
.Hi
swor
dspr
ov
edt
obepr
ophet
i
c,
asconf
i
r
medby
subsequentev
ent
s.
Ri
zal
’
sMot
her
:
Teodor
aAl
onsoReal
onda(
18261911)
 Bor
ni
nMani
l
aonNov
ember8,
1826.
 Waseducat
edatt
heCol
l
egeofSant
aRosa,
awel
l
knowncol
l
egef
orgi
r
l
si
nt
heci
t
y
.
 Ar
emar
kabl
ewoman,possessi
ngr
ef
i
nedcul
t
ur
e,l
i
t
er
acy
,t
al
ent
,busi
nessabi
l
i
t
y
,andt
he
f
or
t
i
t
udeofSpar
t
anwomen.
 Ri
zal
l
ov
i
ngl
ysai
dofher
:
“
Mymot
heri
sawomanofmor
et
hanor
di
nar
ycul
t
ur
e;
sheknows
l
i
t
er
at
ur
eandspeaksSpani
shbet
t
ert
hanI
.Shecor
r
ect
edmypoemsandgav
emegood
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|2
adv
i
cewhenIwasst
udy
i
ngr
het
or
i
c.Shei
samat
hemat
i
ci
anandhasr
eadmanybooks”
.
 Di
edi
nMani
l
aonAugust16,
1911,
att
heageof85.
Ri
zal
’
sFat
her
:
Fr
ansi
coMer
cadoRi
zal
(
18181898)
 Bor
ni
nBi
ñan,
Laguna,
onMay11,
1818.
 Hest
udi
edLat
i
nandPhi
l
osophyatt
heCol
l
egeofSanJosei
nMani
l
a.
 Becameat
enant
f
ar
meroft
heDomi
ni
canownedhaci
enda.
 Hewasahar
dyandi
ndependent
mi
ndedman,whot
al
kedl
essandwor
kmor
e,andwas
st
r
ongi
nbodyandv
al
i
anti
nspi
r
i
t
.
 Di
edi
nMani
l
aonJanuar
y5,
1898,
att
heageof80.
 Ri
zal
af
f
ect
i
onat
el
ycal
l
edhi
m“
amodeloff
at
her
s”
.
TheRi
zalChi
l
dr
en:Godbl
essedt
hemar
r
i
ageofFr
ansi
coMer
cadoRi
zalandTeodor
aAl
onsoReal
ondawi
t
h
el
ev
enchi
l
dr
ent
woboy
sandni
negi
r
l
s.
1.Sat
ur
ni
na(
18501913)
 Ol
destoft
heRi
zalchi
l
dr
en,ni
cknamedNeneng;shemar
r
i
edManuelT.
Hi
dal
goofTanawan,
Bat
angas.
2.Paci
ano(
18511930)
 Ol
derbr
ot
herandconf
i
dantofJoseRi
zal
;af
t
erhi
sy
oungbr
ot
herexecut
i
on,
hej
oi
onedt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
neRev
ol
ut
i
onandbecameacombatgener
al
;
af
t
ert
he
Rev
ol
ut
i
on,he r
et
i
r
ed t
o hi
sf
ar
m i
n Los Baños,wher
e he l
i
v
ed as a
gent
l
emanf
ar
meranddi
edonApr
i
l13,1930,anol
dbachel
oraged79.He
hadt
wochi
l
dr
enbyhi
smi
st
r
ess(
Sev
er
i
naDecena)aboyandgi
r
l
.
3.Nar
ci
sa(
18521939)
 HerpetnamewasSi
sa.
 Shemar
r
i
edAnt
oni
oLopez(
nephew ofFat
herLeonci
oLopes)
,aschool
t
eacherofMor
ong.
4.Ol
i
mpi
a(
18551887)
 HerpetnamewasYpi
a.
 Shemar
r
i
edSi
l
v
est
r
eUbal
do,
at
el
egr
aphoper
at
orf
r
om Mani
l
a.
5.Luci
a(
18571919)
 Shemar
r
i
edMar
i
anoHer
bosaofCal
amba,whowasanephew ofFat
her
Casanas.Her
bosadi
edofchol
er
ai
n1889andwasdeni
edChr
i
st
i
anbur
i
al
becausehewasabr
ot
her
i
nl
awofDr
.Ri
zal
.
6.Mar
i
a(
18591945)
 Herni
cknamewasBi
ang,
shemar
r
i
edDani
el
Faust
i
noCr
uzofBi
ñan,
Laguna.
7.Jose(
18611896)
 Hi
sni
cknamewasPepe.
 Thegr
eat
estFi
l
i
pi
noher
oandpeer
l
essgeni
us.
 Dur
i
nghi
sexi
l
ei
nDapi
t
anhel
i
v
edwi
t
hJosephi
neBr
acken,I
r
i
shgi
r
lf
r
om
HongKong;hehadasonbyher
,butt
hi
sbaby
boydi
edaf
ew hour
saf
t
er
bi
r
t
h;
Ri
zal
namedhi
m“
Fr
ansi
co”af
t
erhi
sf
at
herandbur
i
edhi
mi
nDapi
t
an.
8.Concepci
on(
18621865)
 Conchawasherpetname.
 Shedi
edofsi
cknessatt
heageof3;
herdeat
hwasRi
zal
’
sf
i
r
stsor
r
owi
nl
i
f
e.
9.Josef
a(
18651945)
 Panggoywasherpetname.
 Shedi
edanol
dmai
datt
heageof80.
10.Tr
i
ni
dad(
18681951)
 Tr
i
ni
ngwasherpetname.
 Shedi
edal
soanol
dmai
di
n1951aged83.
11.Sol
edad(
18701929)
 Chol
engwasherpetname.
 Youngestoft
heRi
zal
chi
l
dr
en.
 Shemar
r
i
edPant
hal
eonQui
nt
er
oofCal
amba.
Ri
zal
’
sAncest
r
y
:
Asat
y
pi
calFi
l
i
pi
no,
Ri
zalwasapr
oductoft
hemi
xt
ur
eofr
aces.I
nhi
sv
ei
nsf
l
owedt
hebl
oodofbot
hEastand
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|3
West
Negr
i
t
o,
I
ndonesi
an,
Mal
ay
,
Chi
nese,
Japanese,
andSpani
sh.Pr
edomi
nant
l
y
,
hewasaMal
ay
anandwas
amagni
f
i
centspeci
menofAsi
anmanhood.
Chi
l
dhood
JoseRi
zalhadmanybeaut
i
f
ulmemor
i
esofchi
l
dhoodi
nhi
snat
i
v
et
own.Hegr
ewupi
nahappyhome,
r
ul
edby
goodpar
ent
s,
bubbl
i
ngwi
t
hj
oy
,
andsanct
i
f
i
edbyGod’
sbl
essi
ngs.Hi
snat
alt
ownofCal
amba,
sonamedaf
t
er
abi
gnat
i
v
ej
ar
,wasaf
i
t
t
i
ngcr
adl
ef
oraher
o.I
t
ssceni
cbeaut
i
esandi
t
si
ndust
r
i
ous,hospi
t
abl
e,andf
r
i
endl
y
f
ol
ksi
mpr
essedhi
m dur
i
nghi
schi
l
dhoody
ear
sandpr
of
oundl
yaf
f
ect
edhi
smi
ndandchar
act
er
.Thehappi
est
per
i
odofRi
zal
’
sl
i
f
ewasspenti
nt
hi
sl
akeshor
et
own,
awor
t
hypr
el
udet
ohi
sHaml
et
l
i
ket
r
agi
cmanhood.
Cal
amba,
t
heHer
o’
sTown
Cal
ambawasahaci
endat
ownwhi
chbel
ongedt
ot
heDomi
ni
canOr
der
,
whi
chal
soownedal
lt
hel
andsar
ound
i
t
.I
ti
sapi
ct
ur
esquet
ownnest
l
i
ngonav
er
dantpl
ai
ncov
er
edwi
t
hi
r
r
i
gat
edr
i
cef
i
el
dsandsugar
l
ands.
Ri
zall
ov
edCal
ambawi
t
hal
lhi
shear
tandsoul
.I
n1876,whenhewas15y
ear
sol
dandwasast
udenti
nt
he
At
eneodeMani
l
a,
her
emember
edhi
sbel
ov
edt
own.Accor
di
ngl
y
,
hewr
ot
eapoem UnRecuer
doAMiPuebl
o(
I
n
Memor
yofMyTown)
.
Ear
l
i
estChi
l
dhoodMemor
i
es
Thef
i
r
stmemor
yofRi
zal
,
i
nhi
si
nf
ancy
,
washi
shappyday
si
nt
hef
ami
l
ygar
denwhenhewast
hr
eey
ear
sol
d.
Becausehewasaf
r
ai
l
,
si
ckl
y
,
andunder
si
zedchi
l
d,
hewasgi
v
ent
het
ender
estcar
ebyhi
spar
ent
s.Hi
sf
at
her
bui
l
tal
i
t
t
l
eni
pacot
t
agei
nt
hegar
denf
orhi
mt
opl
ayi
nt
hedayt
i
me.
I
nhi
sboy
hoodmemoi
r
s,henar
r
at
edhow he,att
heageoft
hr
ee,wat
chedf
r
om hi
sgar
dencot
t
age,t
he
cul
i
auan,t
hemay
a,t
hemar
i
acar
pa,t
hemar
t
i
n,t
hepi
pi
t
,andot
herbi
r
dsandl
i
st
ened“
wi
t
hwonderandj
oy
”t
o
t
hei
rt
wi
l
i
ghtsongs.
Anot
herchi
l
dhoodmemor
ywast
hedai
l
yAngel
uspr
ay
er
.Byni
ght
f
al
l
,
Ri
zalr
el
at
ed,
hi
smot
hergat
her
edal
lt
he
chi
l
dr
enatt
hehouset
opr
ayt
heAngel
us.
Theay
ar
el
at
edt
ot
heRi
zal
chi
l
dr
en(
i
ncl
udi
ngJose)manyst
or
i
esaboutt
hef
ai
r
i
es;
t
al
esofbur
i
edt
r
easur
eand
t
r
essbl
oomi
ngwi
t
hdi
amonds,
andot
herf
abul
ousst
or
i
es.Thei
magi
nar
yt
al
est
ol
dbyt
heay
aar
ousedi
nRi
zal
anendur
i
ngi
nt
er
esti
nl
egendsandf
ol
kl
or
e.
Anot
hermemor
yofhi
si
nf
ancywast
henoct
ur
nalwal
ki
nt
het
own,especi
al
l
ywhent
her
ewasamoon.The
ay
at
ookhi
mf
orawal
ki
nt
hemoonl
i
ghtbyt
her
i
v
er
,wher
et
het
r
esscastgr
ot
esqueshadow ont
hebank.
Recount
i
ngt
hi
schi
l
dhoodexper
i
encei
nhi
sst
udentmemoi
r
s,Ri
zalwr
ot
e:“
Thusmyhear
tf
edonsomberand
mel
anchol
i
ct
hought
ssot
hatev
enwhi
l
est
i
l
lachi
l
d,
Ial
r
eadywander
edonwi
ngsoff
ant
asyi
nt
hehi
ghr
egi
ons
oft
heunknown.
”
TheHer
o’
sFi
r
stSor
r
ow
TheRi
zalchi
l
dr
enwer
eboundt
oget
herbyt
i
esofl
ov
eandcompani
onshi
p.Theywer
ewel
l
br
ed,f
ort
hei
r
par
ent
st
aughtt
hem t
ol
ov
eandhel
poneanot
her
.
Ofhi
ssi
st
er
,
Josel
ov
edmostt
hel
i
t
t
l
eConcha(
Concepci
on)
.Hewasay
earol
dert
hanConcha.Hepl
ay
edwi
t
h
herandf
r
om herhel
ear
nedt
hesweet
nessofsi
st
er
l
yl
ov
e.
Unf
or
t
unat
el
y
,Conchadi
edofsi
cknessi
n1865whenshewasont
hr
eey
ear
sol
d.Jose,whowasv
er
yf
ondof
her
,
cr
i
edbi
t
t
er
l
yatl
osi
ngher
.“
WhenIwasf
oury
ear
sol
d,
”hesai
d,
“
Il
ostmyl
i
t
t
l
esi
st
erConcha,
andt
henf
or
t
hef
i
r
stt
i
meIshedt
ear
scausedbyl
ov
eandgr
i
ef
…”Thedeat
hofl
i
t
t
l
eConchabr
oughthi
m hi
sf
i
r
stsor
r
ow.
Ar
t
i
st
i
cTal
ent
s
Si
nceear
l
ychi
l
dhoodRi
zalr
ev
eal
edhi
sGodgi
v
ent
al
entf
orar
t
.Att
heageoff
i
v
e,
hebegant
omakesket
ches
wi
t
hhi
spenci
l
andt
omol
di
ncl
ayandwaxobj
ect
swhi
chat
t
r
act
edhi
sf
ancy
.
Ri
zal
asaBoyMagi
ci
an
Si
nceear
l
ymanhoodRi
zalhadbeeni
nt
er
est
edi
nmagi
c.Wi
t
hhi
sdext
er
oushands,hel
ear
nedv
ar
i
oust
r
i
cks,
suchasmaki
ngacoi
nappearordi
sappeari
nhi
sf
i
nger
sandmaki
ngahandker
chi
efv
ani
shi
nt
hi
nai
r
.He
ent
er
t
ai
nedhi
st
ownf
ol
kswi
t
hmagi
cl
ant
er
nexhi
bi
t
i
ons.Thi
sconsi
st
edofanor
di
nar
yl
ampcast
i
ngi
t
s
shadowonawhi
t
escr
een.
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|4
I
nl
at
ery
ear
swhenheat
t
ai
nedmanhood,
hecont
i
nuedhi
skeenpr
edi
l
ect
i
onf
ormagi
c.Her
eadmanybookson
magi
candat
t
endedt
heper
f
or
mancesoft
hef
amousmagi
ci
ansoft
hewor
l
d.
Ear
l
yEducat
i
on
Ri
zalhadhi
sear
l
yeducat
i
oni
nCal
ambaandBi
ñan.I
twasat
y
pi
calschool
i
ngt
hatasonofani
l
ust
r
adorf
ami
l
y
r
ecei
v
eddur
i
nghi
st
i
me,char
act
er
i
zedbyt
hef
ourR’
s-r
eadi
ng,wr
i
t
i
ng,ar
i
t
hmet
i
c,andr
el
i
gi
on.I
nst
r
uct
i
ons
wasr
i
gi
dandst
r
i
ct
.Knowl
edgewasf
or
cedi
nt
ot
hemi
ndsoft
hepupi
l
sbymeansoft
het
edi
ousmemor
y
met
hodai
dedbyt
het
eacher
’
swhi
p.Despi
t
et
hedef
ect
soft
heSpani
shsy
st
em ofel
ement
ar
yeducat
i
on,
Ri
zal
wasabl
et
oacqui
r
et
henecessar
yi
nst
r
uct
i
onpr
epar
at
or
yf
orcol
l
egewor
ki
nMani
l
aandabr
oad.I
tmaybesai
d
t
hatRi
z
al
,
whowasbor
naphy
si
calweakl
i
ng,
r
oset
obecomeani
nt
el
l
ect
ualgi
antnotbecauseof
,
butr
at
heri
n
spi
t
eof
,
t
heout
modedandbackwar
dsy
st
em ofi
nst
r
uct
i
onobt
ai
ni
ngi
nt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nesdur
i
ngt
hel
astdecades
ofSpani
shr
egi
me.
TheHer
o’
sFi
r
stTeacher






Th
ef
i
r
s
tt
e
a
c
h
e
r
ofRi
z
a
l
wa
sh
i
smot
h
e
r
,
wh
owa
sr
e
ma
r
k
a
b
l
ewoma
nofg
oodc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
ra
n
df
i
n
e
cul
t
ur
e.
Ri
zal
att
heageof3l
ear
nedt
heal
phabetandpr
ay
er
s.
DoñaTeodor
adi
scov
er
edJose’
st
al
entf
orpoet
r
yandencour
ageshi
mt
owr
i
t
e.
Maest
r
oCel
est
i
nowasJose’
sf
i
r
stpr
i
v
at
et
ut
or
.
Maest
r
oLucasPaduawashi
ssecondpr
i
v
at
et
ut
or
.
Maest
r
oLeonMonr
oybecamet
heher
o’
spr
i
v
at
et
ut
ori
nSpani
shandLat
i
n.Hewast
hecl
assmat
eof
DonFr
anci
sco(
Jose’
sf
at
her
)
.
JoseGoest
oBi
ñan




June1869,
Josegoest
oBi
ñanwi
t
hPaci
ano.
Car
r
omat
a-t
hei
rmodeoft
r
anspor
t
at
i
on
Theyl
odgedt
ot
hei
raunt
’
shouse.
Atni
ghtJoseandhi
scousi
nnamedLeandr
o,wentsi
ght
seei
ngi
nt
het
own.I
nst
eadofenj
oy
i
ngt
he
si
ght
s,
Josebecamedepr
essedbecauseofhomesi
ckness.
Fi
r
stDayi
nBi
ñanSchool
 Paci
anobr
oughthi
sy
oungerbr
ot
hert
ot
heschool
ofMaest
r
oJust
i
ni
anoAqui
noCr
uz(
f
or
mal
t
eacher
)
.
 Ri
zal
descr
i
behi
sMaest
r
oast
al
l
,
t
hi
n,
l
ongnecked,
wi
t
hashar
pnoseandabodysl
i
ght
l
ybentf
or
war
d.
 Theschool
wasi
nt
hehouseoft
het
eacher
.
Fi
r
stSchool
Br
awl
 Josemett
hebul
l
y
,
Pedr
o(
t
eacher
’
sson)
.
 Hewasangr
yatt
hi
sbul
l
yf
ormaki
ngf
unofhi
m dur
i
nghi
sconv
er
sat
i
onwi
t
ht
het
eacheri
nt
he
mor
ni
ng.
 Josechal
l
engedPedr
ot
oaf
i
ght
.Thel
at
t
err
eadi
l
yaccept
ed,t
hi
nki
ngt
hathecoul
deasi
l
ybeatt
he
Cal
ambaboywhowassmal
l
erandy
ounger
.
 Thet
woboy
swr
est
l
edf
ur
i
ousl
yi
nt
hecl
assr
oom,mucht
ot
hegl
eeoft
hei
rcl
assmat
es.Jose,hav
i
ng
l
ear
nedt
hear
tofwr
est
l
i
ngf
r
om hi
sat
hl
et
i
cTi
oManuel
,def
eat
edt
hebi
ggerboy
.Fort
hi
sf
eat
,he
becamepopul
aramonghi
scl
assmat
es.
BestSt
udenti
nSchool
 I
nacademi
cst
udi
es,Josebeatal
lBi
ñanboy
s.Hesur
passedt
hem al
li
nSpani
sh,Lat
i
n,andot
her
subj
ect
s.
 Someofhi
sol
dercl
assmat
eswer
ej
eal
ousofhi
si
nt
el
l
ect
ualsuper
i
or
i
t
y
.Theywi
ckedl
ysqueal
edt
ot
he
t
eacherwhenev
erJosehadaf
i
ghtout
si
det
heschool
,andev
ent
ol
dl
i
est
odi
scr
edi
thi
m bef
or
et
he
t
eacher
’
sey
es.Consequent
l
yt
het
eacherhadt
opuni
shJose.ThusRi
zalsai
dt
hat“
i
nspi
t
eoft
he
r
eput
at
i
onIhadofbei
ngagoodboy
,
t
hedaywasunusualwhenIwasnotl
ai
doutonabenchandgi
v
en
f
i
v
eorsi
xbl
ows.
”
Topi
c7:
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
e:
Hi
gherEducat
i
onandLi
f
eAbr
oad
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|5
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Hi
gherEducat
i
on
Schol
ast
i
cTr
i
umphsatAt
eneodeMani
l
a
Ri
zal
Ent
er
sAt
eneo
 June10,1872 Jose,accompani
ed byPaci
ano,wentt
o Mani
l
a,Het
ookent
r
anceexami
nat
i
onsi
n
Chr
i
st
i
andoct
r
i
ne,
ar
i
t
hmet
i
c,
andr
eadi
ngatt
heCol
l
egeofSanJuandeLet
r
an,
andpassedt
hem.
 Jose’
sf
at
herf
i
r
stwi
shedhi
mt
ost
udyatLet
r
anbutchangedhi
smi
ndanddeci
dedt
osendhi
mt
o
At
eneoMuni
ci
pal
.
 Jose,
agai
naccompani
edbyPaci
ano,
mat
r
i
cul
at
edatt
heAt
eneoMuni
ci
pal
.
 Fat
herMagi
nFer
r
ando,
t
hecol
l
eger
egi
st
r
arr
ef
usedt
oadmi
tJosef
or2r
easons:
 Hewa
ssi
ckl
ywasunder
si
zedf
orhi
sage(
11y
ear
sol
d)
.
 Hewa
sl
at
ef
orr
egi
st
r
at
i
on.

Upont
hei
nt
er
cessi
onofManuel
Xer
esBur
gos,
nephewofFat
herBur
gos,
hewasadmi
t
t
edatAt
eneo.
Ri
zal
’
sFi
r
stYeari
nAt
eneo
 Ri
zal
’
sf
i
r
stpr
of
essori
nAt
eneowasFr
.JoseBech.
 Ri
zal
waspl
acedatt
hebot
t
om oft
hecl
asssi
ncehewasanewcomerandknowsl
i
t
t
l
eSpani
sh.
 Hewasanext
er
no(
Car
t
hagi
ni
ans)
,
occupy
i
ngt
heendoft
hel
i
ne.Butatt
heendoft
hemont
h,
hebecome
emper
orofhi
sEmpi
r
e.Hewast
hebr
i
ght
estpupi
li
nt
hewhol
ecl
ass,andhewasawar
dedapr
i
ze,a
r
el
i
gi
ouspr
i
z
e.
 Ri
zalt
ookpr
i
v
at
el
essonsi
nSant
aI
sabelCol
l
egedur
i
ngnoonr
ecessest
oi
mpr
ov
ehi
sSpani
shl
anguage
pay
i
ngt
hr
eepesosf
ort
hoseext
r
al
essons.
 Hepl
acedsecondatt
heendoft
hey
ear
,
al
t
houghal
l
hi
sgr
adeswer
est
i
l
l
mar
kedExcel
l
ent
´
SecondYeari
nAt
eneo(
187374)
 Ri
zal
l
ostt
hecl
assl
eader
shi
p.Buther
epent
edandev
enst
udi
edhar
der
,
oncemor
ebecameemper
or
.He
r
ecei
v
edexcel
l
entgr
adesi
nal
l
subj
ect
sandagol
dmedal
.
Thi
r
dYeari
nAt
eneo(
187475)
 Jose’
smot
herar
r
i
v
edandj
oy
ousl
yt
ol
dhi
mt
hatshewasr
el
easedf
r
om pr
i
soncel
l
i
nSant
aCr
uz,
Laguna,
Hewashappyofcour
se,
t
oseehi
smot
heroncemor
eaf
r
eewoman.
 Ri
zal
di
dnotmakeanexcel
l
entshowi
ngi
nhi
sst
udi
esasi
nt
hepr
ev
i
ousy
ear
.Hi
sgr
adesr
emai
ned
excel
l
enti
nal
l
subj
ect
s,
buthewononl
yonemedal
—i
nLat
i
n.
 Endofschool
y
ear(
Mar
ch1875)
,
her
et
ur
nedt
oCal
ambaf
orsummerv
acat
i
onbuthehi
msel
fwasnot
i
mpr
essedbyhi
sschol
ast
i
cwor
k.
Four
t
hYeari
nAt
eneo(
187576)
 June16,
1875-Hebecameani
nt
er
no
 I
nAt
eneo.
Fr
.Fr
anci
scodePaul
aSanchez
,oneofhi
spr
of
essor
,i
nspi
r
edhi
mt
ost
udyhar
derandwr
i
t
e
poet
r
y
.Ri
zal
’
sbestpr
of
essori
nAt
eneo.Ri
zaldescr
i
bedhi
m as³
modelofupr
i
ght
ness,ear
nest
ness,and
l
ov
ef
ort
headv
ancementofhi
spupi
l
s´
.
Her
et
ur
nedt
oCal
ambawi
t
h5medal
sandexcel
l
entr
at
i
ngs.
LastYeari
nAt
eneo(
187677)
 Ri
zal
-Themostbr
i
l
l
i
antAt
eneanofhi
st
i
me,
andwast
r
ul
y“
t
hepr
i
deoft
heJesui
t
s”
.
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|6
Gr
aduat
i
onwi
t
hHi
ghestHonor
s
 Mar
ch23,1877-Ri
zal
,16y
ear
sol
d,r
ecei
v
edf
r
om hi
sAl
maMat
er
,At
eneoMuni
ci
pal
,andt
hedegr
eeof
Bachel
orofAr
t
s,wi
t
hhi
ghest
honor
s.
Theni
ghtbef
or
egr
aduat
i
on,hecoul
dnotsl
eep.Ear
l
ymor
ni
ng
ont
hedayofhi
sgr
aduat
i
on,
hepr
ay
edt
ot
heVi
r
gi
nt
o³
commendhi
sl
i
f
eandpr
ot
ecthi
m ashest
epi
nt
o
t
hewor
l
d´
.
Medi
calst
udi
esatt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
oTomas
Ri
zal
Ent
er
st
heUni
v
er
si
t
y
 I
nApr
i
l1877,Ri
zalatnear
l
y16y
ear
sol
d,wasmat
r
i
cul
at
edi
nt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
oTomast
aki
ngt
he
cour
seofPhi
l
osophyandLet
t
er
.
 Heenr
ol
l
edt
hecour
sei
nt
wor
easons:Hi
sf
at
herl
i
kedi
tandHewas“
st
i
l
luncer
t
ai
nast
owhatcar
eert
o
pur
sue”
.
 I
nt
hef
i
r
stt
er
m hest
udi
edCosmol
ogy
,
Met
aphy
si
cs,
Theodi
cy
,
andHi
st
or
yofPhi
l
osophy
.
 I
nt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
er
m,
t
heAt
eneoRect
orFat
herPabl
oRamonadv
i
ceRi
zal
t
ost
udymedi
ci
ne.
 Ther
easonwhyJoset
ookupmedi
ci
nef
oracar
eerwast
obeabl
et
ocur
ehi
smot
her
’
sgr
owi
ng
bl
i
ndness.
Fi
ni
shesSur
v
ey
i
ngCour
sei
nAt
eneo(
1878)
 Dur
i
nghi
sf
i
r
stschool
t
er
mi
nt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
oTomas(
187778)
,
Ri
zal
al
sost
udi
edi
nt
heAt
eneo.
 Het
ookt
hev
ocat
i
onal
cour
sel
eadi
ngt
ot
het
i
t
l
eofper
i
t
oagr
i
ment
o(
exper
tsur
v
ey
or
)
.
 Ri
zal
,excel
l
edi
nal
lsubj
ect
si
nt
hesur
v
ey
i
ngcour
sei
nt
heAt
eneo,obt
ai
ni
nggol
dmedal
si
nagr
i
cul
t
ur
e
andt
opogr
aphy
.
 Att
heageof17,
hepassedt
hef
i
nalexami
nat
i
oni
nt
hesur
v
ey
i
ngcour
se,
buthecoul
dnotbegr
ant
edt
he
t
i
l
eassur
v
ey
orbecausehewasbel
owage.
 Thet
i
t
l
ewasi
ssuedt
ohi
m onNov
ember25,
1881.
Vi
ct
i
m ofSpani
shOf
f
i
cer
’
sBr
ut
al
i
t
y
 WhenRi
zalwasaf
r
eshmanmedi
calst
udentatt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
oTomas,heexper
i
encedhi
sf
i
r
st
t
ast
eofSpani
shbr
ut
al
i
t
y
.
 Onedar
kni
ghti
nCal
amba,dur
i
ngsummerv
acat
i
oni
n1878,hewaswal
ki
ngi
nt
hest
r
eet
.Hedi
ml
y
per
cei
v
edt
hef
i
gur
eofamanwhi
l
epassi
nghi
m.Notknowi
ngt
heper
sonduet
odar
kness,hedi
dnot
sal
ut
enorsayacour
t
eous“
GoodEv
eni
ng”
.Thev
aguef
i
gur
et
ur
nedoutt
obeal
i
eut
enantoft
heGuar
di
a
Ci
v
i
l
.Wi
t
hasnar
l
,
het
ur
neduponRi
zal
,
whi
ppedouthi
sswor
dandbr
ut
al
l
ysl
ashedt
hel
at
t
eront
heback.
 Ri
zalr
epor
t
edt
hei
nci
dentt
oGener
alPr
i
modeRi
v
er
a,
t
heSpani
shgov
er
norgener
aloft
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nesat
t
hatt
i
me.Butnot
hi
ngcameoutofhi
scompl
ai
nt
,
becausehewasanI
ndi
oandabusi
v
el
i
eut
enantwasa
Spani
ar
d.
 Lat
er
,i
nal
et
t
ert
oBl
ument
r
i
t
t
,dat
edMar
ch21,1887,her
el
at
ed:“
Iwentt
ot
heCapt
ai
nGener
albutI
coul
dnotobt
ai
nj
ust
i
ce;
mywoundl
ast
edt
woweeks”
.
Champi
onofFi
l
i
pi
noSt
udent
s
 Ri
zalwasachampi
onoft
heFi
l
i
pi
nost
udent
si
nt
hei
rf
r
equentf
i
ght
sagai
nstt
hear
r
ogantSpani
sh
st
udent
s.
 Host
i
l
i
t
ybet
weent
heset
wogr
oupsofst
udent
sof
t
enexpl
odedi
nangr
yst
r
eetr
umbl
es.
 Ri
zalpar
t
i
ci
pat
edi
nt
hesest
udentbr
awl
s.Owi
ngt
ohi
sski
l
li
nf
enci
ng,hi
spr
owessi
nwr
est
l
i
ng,andhi
s
i
ndomi
t
abl
ecour
age.
 I
n1880hef
oundedasecr
etsoci
et
yofFi
l
i
pi
no st
udent
si
nt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
o Tomascal
l
ed
Compañer
i
smo(
Comr
adeshi
p)
,
whosemember
swer
ecal
l
ed“
Compani
onsofJehu”
.
 Ri
zalwast
hechi
efoft
hi
ssecr
etst
udentsoci
et
y
,wi
t
hhi
scousi
nf
r
om Bat
angas,Gal
i
canoApaci
bl
e,as
secr
et
ar
y
.
 Ri
zal
l
edt
heFi
l
i
pi
nost
udent
si
nt
ocombatagai
nstt
heSpani
shst
udent
si
nv
ar
i
ousst
r
eetf
i
ght
s.
UnhappyDay
satt
heUST
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|7
 Ri
zal
,At
eneo’
sboywonder
,f
oundt
heat
mospher
eatt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
oTomassuf
f
ocat
i
ngt
ohi
s
sensi
t
i
v
e spi
r
i
t
.He wasunhappyatt
hi
sDomi
ni
can i
nst
i
t
ut
i
on ofhi
gherl
ear
ni
ng because (
1)t
he
Domi
ni
canpr
of
essor
swer
ehost
i
l
et
ohi
m,
(
2)t
heFi
l
i
pi
nost
udent
swer
er
aci
al
l
ydi
scr
i
mi
nat
edagai
nstby
t
heSpani
ar
ds,
and(
3)t
hemet
hodofi
nst
r
uct
i
onwasobsol
et
eandr
epr
essi
v
e.
 Becauseoft
heunf
r
i
endl
yat
t
i
t
udeofhi
spr
of
essor
s,
Ri
zal
,
t
hemostbr
i
l
l
i
antgr
aduat
eoft
heAt
eneo,
f
ai
l
ed
t
owi
nhi
ghschol
ast
i
chonor
s.
Deci
si
ont
oSt
udyAbr
oad
 Af
t
erf
i
ni
shi
ngt
hef
our
t
hy
earofhi
smedi
cal
cour
se,
Ri
zal
deci
dedt
ost
udyi
nSpai
n.
 Hecoul
dnol
ongerendur
et
her
ampantbi
got
r
y
,di
scr
i
mi
nat
i
on,andhost
i
l
i
t
yi
nt
heUni
v
er
si
t
yofSant
o
Tomas.
 Fort
hef
i
r
stt
i
me,
Ri
zal
di
dnotseekhi
spar
ent
’
sper
mi
ssi
onandbl
essi
ngst
ogoabr
oad,
becauseheknew
t
hatt
hey
,
especi
al
l
yhi
smot
her
,
woul
ddi
sappr
ov
edi
t
.
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eAbr
oad
Ri
zal
’
sSecr
etMi
ssi
on
 Thi
smi
ssi
onwhi
chRi
zalconcei
v
edwi
t
ht
heappr
ov
alofhi
sol
derbr
ot
herPaci
anowast
oobser
v
ekeenl
y
t
hel
i
f
eandcul
t
ur
e,
l
anguagesandcust
oms,
i
ndust
r
i
esandcommer
ce,
andgov
er
nment
sandl
awsoft
he
Eur
opeannat
i
onsi
nor
dert
opr
epar
ehi
msel
fi
nt
hemi
ght
yt
askofl
i
ber
at
i
nghi
soppr
essedpeopl
ef
r
om
Spani
sht
y
r
anny
.
Secr
etDepar
t
ur
ef
orSpai
n
 Ri
zal
’
sdepar
t
ur
ef
orSpai
nwaskeptsecr
ett
oav
oi
ddet
ect
i
onbyt
heSpani
shaut
hor
i
t
i
esandf
r
i
ar
s.
 Onl
yhi
sol
derbr
ot
her(
Paci
ano)
,hi
suncl
e(
Ant
oni
oRi
v
er
a,f
at
herofLeonorRi
v
er
a)
,hi
ssi
st
er
s(
Neneng
andLuci
a)
,
t
heVal
enzuel
af
ami
l
y(
Capi
t
anaJuanandCapi
t
anaSandayandt
hei
rdaught
erOr
ang)
,
Pedr
oA.
Pat
er
no,
hi
scompadr
eMat
eoEv
angel
i
st
a,
t
heAt
eneoJesui
tf
at
her
s,
andsomei
nt
i
mat
ef
r
i
ends,
i
ncl
udi
ng
Chengoy(
JoseM.Ceci
l
i
o)knowaboutt
hedepar
t
ur
e.
Li
f
ei
nMadr
i
d
 Nov
ember3,1882,Ri
zalenr
ol
l
edi
nt
heUni
v
er
si
dadCent
r
aldeMadr
i
d(
Cent
r
alUni
v
er
si
t
yofMadr
i
d)i
n
t
wocour
se-Medi
ci
neandPhi
l
osophyandLet
t
er
s.
 Heal
sost
udi
edpai
nt
i
ngandscul
pt
ur
ei
nt
heAcademyofFi
neAr
t
sofSanFer
nando;t
ookl
essonsi
n
Fr
ench,
Ger
man,
andEngl
i
shunderpr
i
v
at
ei
nst
r
uct
or
s;
andassi
duousl
ypr
act
i
cedf
enci
ngandshoot
i
ngi
n
t
heHal
l
ofAr
msofSanzyCar
bonel
l
.
 Hespenthi
sl
ei
sur
et
i
mer
eadi
ngandwr
i
t
i
ngathi
sboar
di
nghouse,at
t
endi
ngt
her
euni
onsofFi
l
i
pi
no
st
udent
satt
hehouseoft
hePat
er
nobr
ot
her
s(
Ant
oni
o,
Maxi
mi
no,
andPedr
o)
,
andpr
act
i
ci
ngf
enci
ngand
shoot
i
ngatt
hegy
mnasi
um.
Ri
zal
asaMason
 I
nSpai
nRi
z
alcamei
ncl
osecont
actwi
t
hpr
omi
nentSpani
shl
i
ber
alandr
epubl
i
canSpani
ar
ds,whower
e
most
l
yMasons,
i
ncl
udi
ng:
1.Mi
guelMor
ay
t
a-St
at
esman,
pr
of
essor
,
hi
st
or
i
an,
andwr
i
t
er
.
2.Fr
anci
scoPiyMar
gal
Jour
nal
i
st
,st
at
esman,andf
or
merPr
esi
dentoft
heshor
t
l
i
v
edFi
r
stSpani
sh
Republ
i
c.
3.ManuelBecer
r
aMi
ni
st
erofUl
t
r
amar(
Col
oni
es)
.
4.Emi
l
i
oJunoy
Jour
nal
i
standmemberoft
heSpani
shCor
t
es.
5.JuanRui
zZor
i
l
l
aPar
l
i
ament
ar
i
anandheadoft
heRepubl
i
canPr
ogr
essi
v
ePar
t
yi
nMadr
i
d.
 Ri
zalwasi
mpr
essedbyt
hewayt
heSpani
shMasonsopenl
yandf
r
eel
ycr
i
t
i
ci
zedt
hegov
er
nmentpol
i
ci
es
andl
ambast
edt
hef
r
i
ar
s,
whi
chcoul
dnotbedonei
nt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nes.
 Mar
ch1883,
hej
oi
nedt
heMasoni
cl
odgecal
l
edAcaci
a.Hi
sr
easonf
orbecomi
ngamasonwast
osecur
e
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|8
Fr
eemasonr
y
’
sai
di
nhi
sf
i
ghtagai
nstt
hef
r
i
ar
si
nt
hePhi
l
i
ppi
nes.
 Ri
zalt
r
ansf
er
r
edt
oLodgeSol
i
dar
i
dad(
Madr
i
d)
,wher
ehebecameaMast
erMasononNov
ember15,
1890.
 Febr
uar
y15,
1892,
hewasawar
dedt
hedi
pl
omaasMast
erMasonbyLeGr
andOr
i
entdeFr
ancei
nPar
i
s.
 Hi
sMasoni
cwr
i
t
i
ngwasal
ect
ur
et
i
t
l
ed“
Sci
ence,
Vi
r
t
ueandLabor
”
,
whi
chhedel
i
v
er
edi
n1889atLodge
Sol
i
dar
i
dad,
Madr
i
d.
Fi
nanci
al
Wor
r
i
es
 Af
t
erRi
zal
’
sdepar
t
ur
ef
orSpai
n,t
hi
ngst
ur
nedf
r
om badt
owor
sei
nCal
amba.Thehar
v
estofr
i
ceand
sugar
canef
ai
l
edonaccountofdr
oughtandl
ocust
s.Al
socameat
i
meofdr
eadf
ulpestki
l
l
edmostoft
he
t
ur
key
s.
 Duet
ohar
dt
i
mesi
nCal
amba,t
hemont
hl
yal
l
owancesofRi
zali
nMadr
i
dwer
el
at
ei
nar
r
i
v
alandt
her
e
wer
et
i
meswhent
heynev
erar
r
i
v
ed,
causi
ngmuchsuf
f
er
i
ngt
ohi
m.
 Paci
anowasf
or
cedt
osel
l
hi
sy
oungbr
ot
her
’
sponyi
nor
dert
osendmoneyt
oMadr
i
d.
 June24,
1884,
Ri
zal
wasbr
okeandhewasunabl
et
ot
akebr
eakf
astt
hatday
.
 Wi
t
hanempt
yst
omach,Ri
zalwasst
i
l
labl
et
oat
t
endhi
scl
assandpar
t
i
ci
pat
edi
nt
hecont
esti
nGr
eek
l
anguageandwonagol
dmedal
.
 Hewasabl
et
oeatdi
nner
,
f
orhewasaguestspeakeri
nabanquethel
di
nhonorofJuanLunaandFel
i
x
Resur
r
ecci
onHi
dal
goatRest
aur
antI
ngl
es,
Madr
i
d.
St
udi
esCompl
et
edi
nSpai
n
 Ri
zal
compl
et
edhi
smedi
cal
cour
sei
nSpai
n.
 Hewasconf
er
r
edt
hedegr
eeofLi
cent
i
at
ei
nMedi
ci
nebyt
heUnev
er
si
dadCent
r
aldeMadr
i
donJune21,
1884.
 Nextacademi
cy
ear(
188485)
,hest
udi
edandpassedal
lsubj
ect
sl
eadi
ngt
ot
hedegr
eeofDoct
orof
Medi
ci
ne.
 Ri
zal
al
sof
i
ni
shedhi
sst
udi
esi
nPhi
l
osophyandLet
t
er
s,
wi
t
hhi
ghergr
ades.
 Byobt
ai
ni
ngt
hedegr
eeofLi
cent
i
at
ei
nPhi
l
osophyandLet
t
er
s,hebecamequal
i
f
i
edt
obeapr
of
essorof
humani
t
i
esi
nanySpani
shuni
v
er
si
t
y
.
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
ei
nBer
l
i
n
 Ri
zalwasnotamer
est
udentoracur
i
oust
our
i
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om per
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si
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 Thewi
nt
erof1886i
nBer
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i
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Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
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zal
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 Dur
i
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hi
sbl
eakwi
nt
er
,
hel
i
v
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npov
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ybecausenomoneyar
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i
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om Cal
ambaandhewasf
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atbr
oke.
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i
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chhi
ssi
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er
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Sat
ur
ni
na,
gav
ehi
m wasi
nt
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i
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i
ngonl
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.Andt
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ymealconsi
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eadandwat
erorsome
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ar
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amba,Paci
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yt
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ai
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uber
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c8:
Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
e:
Exi
l
e,
Tr
i
al
andDeat
h
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
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_
_
_
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_
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_
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_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Ri
zal
’
sExi
l
e
Ri
zall
i
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ei
nf
ar
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t
an,
ar
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owni
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ndanaowhi
chwasundert
hemi
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our
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ement
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ar
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ami
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f
el
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ar
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om Cebu,
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dl
i
v
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ani
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ndanao
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zalpubl
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cl
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et
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or
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andmakest
at
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ypr
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sh
andagai
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f
or
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chr
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essi
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mpor
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l
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el
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ewhour
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l
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nr
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si
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i
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r
i
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o Ri
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or
ehi
sdeat
h atBagumbay
an on Dec.30,1896.
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me.Thi
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at
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r
est
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nedonhi
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i
alandDeat
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soneratFor
tSant
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st
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i
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longoi
ng.OnDec.29,Ri
zalwas
i
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or
medt
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ol
l
owi
ngday
.
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7o’
cl
ocki
nt
hemor
ni
ngRi
z
alwasexecut
edbef
or
eaf
i
r
i
ngsquadatt
heBagumbay
an
(
Lunet
a)
.
Fi
r
stSemest
er2023Mi
dt
er
m Ri
zal
’
sLi
f
eandWor
ks1-4 Page|11