5.3 Hangman Task Name & Number: 5.3 Hangman1 Lexical Sets Classroom Objects: bag, book, chair ,desk, eraser, computer, whiteboard, crayons, pen, pencil, ruler, marker Words Write (spell) & read Sentences - Whole Text - Materials Whole class / group / pair Whole Class Who wins the game? How? All children with their names written on the board are winners. One set of CLASSROOM OBJECTS PICTURES per class (used in 5.1) Blue tac Chalk/blackboard or marker/whiteboard. PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Hold up the PENCIL MODELLING CARD 1. What’s this? Ask: How do you spell pencil? Write the children’s answer, if it comes quickly and without hesitation If not, write this on the blackboard: _ _ _ _ _ _ Make sure your handwriting mirrors what you want from your children. Write all letters in lower case. Say the word slowly, loudly and clearly, emphasizing the sound of the next letter. Eg s u _ Say pencil. If a child correctly guesses the next letter, write their name on the board above the Hangman game. Like this: Aziz If Aziz guesses correctly a second time, acknowledge his contribution like this: Aziz x 2 If a child calls out the wrong letter, say Ting Tong and add the next stroke to your hangman. If you have this on the board (for the word eraser): e _ _ _ _ _ and a child calls out “r”, you only add the next letter ‘r’ – not the r at the end of the word. i.e. must be guessed at one by one, sequentially, without exceptions, thus: TEACHER TALK & MODEL How do you spell pencil? pencil Ting Tong Good job! r e r _ _ _ _ e r _ _ _ 10. When the word pencil is completed blue tac the picture next to (or under or above) the word and leave it there). 11. A new hangman then begins BUT the names on top of the board continue. Eg after spelling several words, you may have written Aziz x 8 1 Adapted from the traditional children’s game by Abdul Ramis bin Abdullah, 2011 © ELTC 2012 5.3 Hangman Questions & Rationale: Why this task and not drill the spelling? With a spelling drill in which you hold the word up and have the children chant the letters, there will be children who are opening their mouths, and possibly even mouthing the correct sound, but it is not contributing to their ability to spell the word or even memorize the spelling. Children who cannot spell the word, are not forced to learn, and disengage. When you do this task as a problem solving task (Learning through Mistakes), when the children make a mistake, they are forced to do these things: 1. Become aware that there is something they don’t know how to do (cognitive conflict), and which they need to do in order to win the game. 2. Listen differently & think about the sound that follows (phonics) eg. Initially children will hear the ‘s’ in grasshopper, not the g or the r. Why do we write contributing children’s names on the board: This game enables children with learning difficulties, who cannot learn from rote memorization or drilling, to participate, win points and gain public recognition (their name on the board). Children who would normally disengage, come running forward to the board, not to ‘spell,’ but to join the game (Nicolopoulou, de Sa, Ilgaz & Brockmeyer, 2010), and if, god forbid, you forget to add their names, you will find yourself corrected. Immediately. Why Ting Tong? The sound is like a game show, that lets children know they’ve made a mistake without publicly humiliating them. The mistake doesn’t identify anyone personally. Try it! It works! Why letter by letter, in sequence? This is a spelling skill. Spelling needs to be taught sequentially, making use of phonics techniques which emphasize the relationship between sounds and their corresponding grapheme/s (letters). When the children come to write the word themselves, they need to be able to spell out the word, sequentially, while saying it, in a bid to ultimately link writing to oracy skills. Even more importantly, research has shown that children find it hard to hear the beginnings of a word, but also that by developing their ability to hear the word in segmented form (bit by bit) promotes literacy, including reading and spelling (Gathercole, 2006,Metsala, Stavrinos & Walley, 2009). Why blue tac the picture to the word? Ultimately we make an association between the written word and its meaning (as represented by the picture. Should you use A or a to spell the words? Use the system you are currently using with the class. All words must be spelt in lower case, and if you are working with Year 1, teaching them the sounds of letters, then do the same with Hangman. Learning Type: Learning by Mistakes (This concept has not been covered at this point.) Questions? Problems? Difference in existing knowledge? If some children already know the words and others don’t the latter may feel penalised by having to look the word up – although they should be so busy solving the problem that they don’t notice this. Gathercole, S.E. (2006). Nonword repetition and word learning: The nature of the relationship. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27(4), 513-543. Metsala, J. L., Stavrinos, D., Walley, A.C. (2009). Children’s spoken word recognition and contributions to phonological awareness and nonword repetition. A 1-year follow-up. Applied Psycholinguistics, 30, 101-121. Nicolopoulou, A, De Sa, A, Ilgaz, H. & Brockmeyer, C. (2010). Using the transformative power of play to educate hearts and minds: From Vygotsky to Vivian Paley and beyond. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 17, 42-58. © ELTC 2012 5.3 Hangman