Sleep Disorders Sleep Deprivation Etiology Sleep deprivation is caused not receiving enough sleep. May be caused from mental conditions such as stress, or physical conditions that inhibit comfort which could lead to poor sleep. Pathophysiology Lack of sleep causes elevated cortisol which can lead to worsening medical conditions. Insomnia Obstructive Sleep Apnea Etiology Etiology Insomnia is caused by behavioral choices such as varying bedtime and rise time, lifestyle, diet, physical and mental conditions, medications, use of stimulants such as nicotine and tobacco, coffee, Pathophysiology Overactivity in the brain leading to impaired circadian rhythms. Clinical Manifestation (s) Impaired cognitive function, impaired performance on simple tasks, Leads to obesity, inability to sleep, irritability, daytime sleepiness. Clinical Manifestation (s) Difficulty falling asleep, prolonged nighttime awakening or awakening to early and not being able to fall back asleep, awakening earlier than desired, avoidance of or resistance to scheduled bedtime, inability to sleep without intervention. Narrowing of the airflow passages with relaxation of muscle tone during sleep or the tongue and soft palate falling backward and partially or completely obstruct the pharynx. Pathophysiology Partial or complete upper air way obstruction during sleep apnea is the cessation of respiratory airflow for longer than 10 seconds. Clinical Manifestation (s) Frequent arousals during sleep, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, witnessed apneic episodes. Loud snoring, morning headaches, OSA can lead to serious health conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dysrhythmias, coronary heart disease. Interprofessional Care For those in the hospital who are experiencing sleep deprivation it may be wise To consult HCP to see if schedules can be modified to decrease disruptive environmental. Factors such as wound care, medication administration, reduce noise and light level at night. Interprofessional Care Interprofessional Care Administrations of drug therapy such as benzodiazepines, teach proper sleep hygiene, non-drug therapy such as CBT for chronic insomnia There is behavior treatment such as positional treatment which could help alleviate the effects of gravity on the airway improving sleeping disorders. There are also medical devices that can be of use for those with more severe symptoms. Devices like CPAP reduces apnea episodes. If these measures are not enough there are surgical interventions that can help such as UPPP and GAHM. Compare & Contrast Sleep Deprivation with Insomnia Compare & Contrast Insomnia with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea both lead to impaired ability to stay asleep and daytime sleepiness, however unlike Obstructive sleep apnea insomnia does not impact ability to breath while sleeping. OSA causes snoring and impaired Compare & Contrast Sleep Deprivation with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
