Name: Kyle Brown Camosun College GEOG 104 / 22 LAB 1: INTRODUCTION TO GIS AND GEOGRAPHY OF CANADA When Canada became a nation on July 1st, 1867 it was made up of four provinces: Ontario (Upper Canada), Quebec (Lower Canada), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Since then, Canada has grown to ten provinces and three territories. By 2017, the population grew from 3.4 million in 1867 to 36.3 million inhabitants today. Using a ArcGIS Online account, you are tasked with creating Web maps to present introductory information about your experience living in Canada. A. Creating an ArcGIS account To complete this lab, you will need to set up an ArcGIS Online organization account. 1. Navigate to https://www.arcgis.com/home/index.html 2. In the top right corner, click ‘sign-in’ 3. At the bottom of the page, select ‘No account? Create an account’ or navigate to https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/create-account 4. Select ‘Create public account’ from the options at the bottom of the page: 5. Enter the required information. You will need to wait for an activation link to be sent 6. Once you have activated your account, login to www.arcgis.com B. Creating Personal Map of Canada Once you are logged in, scroll down on the intro page and click on the box that says ‘Go to Living Atlas’. A new tab will open with available Living Atlas map products. Scroll down until you find the layer called “Topographic”. Another tab will open with options for the type of view you would like. We will select the first option: “Open in Map Viewer Classic”. Next, you will add some layers to the map. On the left of the screen, click on the ‘Add’ button and then select ‘Browse from Living Map Layers’ from the pulldown menu You can scroll through the options but the easiest way to add is by searching using keyword. Each layer is added by clicking on the ‘+’ sign in the bottom corner of the layer title Please add the following layers: a. Provinces and Territories of Canada b. Pre-1975 Treaties in Canada Now that the layers are added, you will begin personalizing the map a little bit. 1. Navigate to the Canadian city that you consider to be your hometown. If you are from a place outside of Canada originally, then please select Victoria (or another Canadian town that you consider close to home) for this part of the exercise. Click on the ‘+ Add’ button again but this time select “Add Map Notes” and then personalize the name of the layer as below: Click ‘create’. Select a point option (I used push pin) and add a marker next to your town. Rename it as your home town and add a fun fact about the place you live, including a website source. It should look like this: Take a screen shot like mine and paste it here on the lab exercise. /2 2. Do this again, this time adding a marker for a member of your family that comes from a place other than the one you identified with. Note, this does not need to be in Canada. Add another fun fact and source. Take another screen shot and add it here. /2 3. Do this one more time, for one last member of your family and one other fact about that place. Take another screen shot and add it here. /2 C. Traditional Territories 4. Navigate back to the Canadian home town you identified in Question 1. Identify the First Nations traditional territory that your place is situated in? If there is no boundary indicated (i.e. for most of BC), then indicate this in your answer. My hometown of Port Alberni does not have a boundary indicated on it. /1 5. Do a little research. Why are there no pre-1975 treaties in BC? When BC joined Canada in 1871, it didn’t recognize indigenous titles so it didn’t feel the need to form treaties. /1 6. Open https://native-land.ca/ and navigate to the extent of current day Canada. What is it like to look at this map and navigate without settler labels? Explain. Navigating this map without settler labels gives you a very different look at Canada. The territories often overlap and aren’t separated as neatly. There are a lot of different claims to the land as well. /2 7. Why do you think this map is so complex? Why do the coloured polygons of territory overlap? I think the map is more complex and has a lot of overlap because there is a lot more movement and because borders are a more European idea. Because of this, indigenous groups in Canada would often have claims to the same area and it’s hard to say who claimed it first /2 8. Put settler labels on the map by clicking the ‘Settler Labels’ button on the bottom right of the screen. Take a screen shot of the map with the labels of the area around your home town. Make sure the traditional territory name is also clearly visible. You may need to adjust the extent of the map. Take a screen shot with the labels on in your home town. /2 9. What is that experience like for you navigating the map now that settler labels are on? Explain. Seeing the labels I am more accustomed to makes it easier to navigate where the indigenous tribes are in relation to each other. The settler labels are very different from the indigenous ones made before. /1 10. Put yourself in the position of a First Nations person from your home community who is having to negotiate treaty or manage treaty lands while communicating with decision makers using only settler labels. How could that be a disadvantage to First Nations communities? Explain. It would be a disadvantage because they would need to learn an entirely different set of boundaries than the ones they know and make decisions based on that. The new boundaries also don’t take into account the territories already claimed by the indigenous people so the treaties might end up breaking up the indigenous territories further for the benefit of nobody except the settlers. /2 11. Now put yourself in the position of a government negotiator trying to work with First Nations communities to decide on a treaty agreement. What is the challenge of having overlapping territories and how would that be a factor in negotiating treaty? The challenge of having overlapping territories is trying to figure out who has the rightful claim. If two territories are overlapping it would be hard to figure out whom to negotiate with in the first place. Trying to negotiate with two or more indigenous groups about making borders would also be difficult seeing as that’s not something the indigenous people were accustomed to. /2 D. Western Alienation A region often divided finds itself united by the belief that the federal government treats it unfairly. This could definitely be true of the regions of Western Canada and British Columbia. Watch these two videos, recorded almost 50 years apart, of Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpeNG0rx0K4) and his son Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRJAdsvkVfg). What has changed in the past 50 years to address the issue of western alienation. In your response, make specific reference to examples in the videos. In the last 50 years, there have been changes to address the issue of western alienation. The federal government has tried to have better communication with the citizens of Western Canada, especially the indigenous groups. The federal government has also moved forward with pipelines that were wanted by some of Western Canada as well as making it easier for these things to happen in the future. Justin Trudeau also mentions that a big reason for the pipeline is so they can have more than one customer for the oil which would bring in more money for Canada. He also mentions that he realizes the environment is a big deal for a lot of people in Western Canada and he wants to make sure it's done in an environmentally safe way. Justin Trudeau’s language also suggests he is more considerate of what Western Canada wants rather than his father who seemed to see it a bit more like a business. /5
