BUSI 1401
Foundations of Information Systems
Lecture 1
Introduction – Course Administration – Information
Systems
Arthur So, Ph.D.
ArthurSo@cunet.carleton.ca
Agenda
• Introduction
• Course Administration
• Information Systems (IS)
• Impacts on organizations
Introduction
• Information Systems (IS)
• What is information
• What is systems
• Why and How to ensure accuracy on information
• Focus on ICT and organizations
• Problem-solving and decision-making
Course Administration
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Information Systems, 5th
Canadian Edition.
R. Kelly Rainer, Brad Prince, Cristobal
Sanchez-Rodriguez, Ingrid
Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, Sepideh
Ebrahimi
New Perspectives Microsoft Office 365
Excel 2016 Comprehensive.
By June J. Parsons, Dan Oja, Patrick
Carey & Carol A. Desjadins
Introduction
• What is an Information System?
https://youtu.be/Qujsd4vkqFI
• What are the 5 components of an
Information System?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlcolUHMnh0
Course Administration
Evaluation
GRADING
Discussion
Topic
5%
Excel
20%
Final Exam
30%
MidTerm
25%
Python
20%
Course Administration
Assignments (Total 40%)
• Assignments will be submitted electronically
•
Upload them to BrightSpace
•
All tools you need to complete these assignments are provided in
the school’s labs or through VDI.
• To pass the course you must submit all the two
assignments and earn a passing grade on the weighted
average of the assignments.
Course Administration
Assignments
• Late Assignments
•
There will be a 24 hours window to submit late assignments
•
If an assignment is marked late it will be penalized 20%
•
No assignments will be accepted after the due date except
for authorized students
•
Missed assignments will be given a 0
Course Administration
Discussion Topic (5%)
• All topics are inscribed in BrightSpace-ToolsDiscussion on the IS topic:
• Describe the IS topics on information systems
• You must have at least 10 threads or more (new or
reply)
• Due on Week 10, Friday at 5 pm
Course Administration
Excel Assignment (20%)
• Group Work, but Individual Assignment Submission
• Multiple questions based on information covered in
BOTH lectures and tutorials
• This assignment is prepared to familiar with the basics
of Excel.
Course Administration
Python Assignment (20%)
• Group Work, but Individual Assignment Submission
• Multiple questions based on information covered in
BOTH lectures and tutorials
• This assignment is prepared for familiar with the basics
of Python programming.
Course Administration
Midterm (25%)
• The Midterm duration is 90 minutes
• A written examination (Quiz) covering all theories
discussed in the course and texts, Week 1 to 5
• Multiple choices questions, T/F questions, and short
response questions
Course Administration
Final Exam (30%)
• The final exam duration TBD
• A written examination covering all theory discussed
in the course.
• Multiple choices questions, T/F questions, and essay
questions
• A Case Study Report
Information Systems
What they are and Why they are important.
• 1974
• Information Systems (IS) is an integrated,
human/machine system for providing information
to support the operations, management, and
decision-making functions in an organization.
• The system utilizes computer hardware and
software, manual procedures, management and
decision models, and a database.
Davis, Gordon B, (1974) Management Information Systems: Conceptual Foundations, Structure, and
Development, McGraw-Hill:New York, NY
Information Systems
Information vs Data
• Information - knowledge gained through
study, communication, research, or
instruction
• Data – a collection of individual facts or
statistics, raw and unorganized
• Decision-making - based on the information
and not data
Information Systems
Information
• Professor Börje Langefors introduced the infological
equation:
I = i (D, S, t)
•
Where
I = information,
i = interpretation process,
D = data,
S = setting/frame of reference, and
t = time available for the interpretation
Langefors, B. (1966/67)
Information Systems
• 2009
• The design, development, and management of
information technologies, as well as their use by
and impact on individuals, groups, and
organizations.
• Of particular interest are information technologies
(and their specific components) that enables
communication, collaboration, and decision making.
Nevo, Saggi and Nove, Dorit (2009) Thirty years of IS research: Core artifacts and academic identity,
Communications of the Association for Information, Vol 25, Article 24.
Technology Evolution
Then and Now
Web Evolution
Web 1.0
• From 1991 to 2004
• Read-only Web
• Consumer Contents
• Server side or Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
•
Perl, PHP, HTML
Web Evolution
Web 2.0
• From 2004 till 2010, the Web had a major shift
• Read-Write transactional Web
• Wikis, Blogs, YouTube, & Facebook emerged
• Business 2.0, Enterprise 2.0 & University 2.0
• Interact and collaborate with each other (HTML)
Web Evolution
Web 3.0
• From 2010 to 2020, decentralized & secured
transactions, including smart mobiles
1. Cryptocurrency
2. Blockchain
3. Sharing
4. Integrity
5. Interdependence
Web Evolution
Web 4.0
• From 2020 for the Age of Networked Intelligence
-combines the Internet and the connected physical
everyday electronic devices (objects) together with
human
-Internet of Things (IoT)
-Provide services like autonomous, proactive, selflearning, collaborative, and content-generating
agents.
The IS Intersectionality
Information Systems
Design, deployment,
and management of
IT-based systems
Introduction to Information Systems
Rainer, Prince, Sanchez-Rodriguez,
Splettstoesser Hogeterp, Ebrahimi
Fifth Canadian Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Information Systems
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
Learning Objectives
•
•
•
•
Identify why being an informed user of information
systems is important in today’s world
Describe the various types of computer-based information
systems in an organization
Discuss ways in which information technology can affect
managers and nonmanagerial workers
Identify positive and negative societal effects of the
increased use of information technology
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
25
Chapter Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
Why Should I Study Information Systems?
Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems
How Does IT Impact Organizations?
Importance of Information Systems to Society
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
26
Opening Case: The Digital Transformation of the
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Think about:
• How do you use technology when you do your banking or
make payments?
• How has technology helped your financial institution?
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
27
1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?
•
•
•
The Informed User—You!
IT Offers Career Opportunities
Managing Information Resources
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
28
The Informed User—You!
1. You benefit more when you understand what is “behind” IT
applications
2. You can provide valuable input
3. You can recommend and help select IT applications
4. You will be aware of new technology
5. You understand how IT improves performance
6. Understanding IT is beneficial to entrepreneurs
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
29
Digital Transformation
•
•
Organizations that you work with will be continually
undertaking digital transformation: the business strategy
that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee,
customer, and business partner relationships
New technologies that enable digital transformation
include: big data, social computing, cloud computing,
artificial intelligence, and more
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
30
FIGURE 1.1 MIS provides what users
see on their computer screens
FIGURE 1.1 MIS provides what users see and use on their computers.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
31
IT’s About Business 1.1:
A Variety of Digital Transformations
Consider:
• How digital transformation is changing business
relationships
• How those changes increase organizational agility to
respond to circumstances; e.g., physical isolation
requirements imposed in 2020 due to the COVID-19
pandemic
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
32
IT Offers Career Opportunities
•
IT is vital to modern businesses, providing many lucrative
career opportunities that include:
o
o
•
Programmers, business analysts, systems analysts, and
designers
Chief information officer (CIO)—executive in charge of the
IS function
Career opportunities will remain strong in the future
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
33
Top Job Rankings: Canadian Business
(out of 100, 2019)
•
•
•
•
#26 Computer Systems Manager
#46 Software Engineer
#54 Database Analyst
#56 Computer Engineer
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
34
Top Job Rankings: MSN (out of 20,
2019)
•
•
#2 Software Engineer
#8 IT Project Manager
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
35
Top Job Rankings: Forbes (out of 20,
2019)
•
•
•
•
•
#2 Software Engineer
#4 IT Manager
#11 IT Manager
#13 Data Engineer
#14 Front-End Engineer (User Experience Designer)
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
36
Managing Information Resources
•
Managing information resources is difficult and complex
because:
o
o
•
ISs have an enormous strategic value to organizations
ISs are very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain
Evolution of the MIS function within the organization
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
37
Factors Affecting Responsibility For
Managing Information Resources
•
•
MIS personnel vs. end users
Changing role of the IS department
o Traditional functions of the MIS department
o New (consultative) functions of the MIS department
facilitate informed user involvement
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
38
Traditional Function of the MIS
Department
•
•
•
•
•
Managing systems development and systems project
management
Managing computer operations
Staffing, training, and developing IS skills
Providing technical services
Infrastructure planning, development, and control
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
39
New (Consultative) Functions of the
MIS Department (1 of 2)
Consultative MIS Department Role
Informed End User Role
Initiating and designing specific strategic
information systems
IT steering committee mandates
development of new strategic information
systems
Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce
into the business
Responsible for effective use of the Internet
and e-commerce
Managing system integration of the Internet, Describe business needs and the type of
intranets, and extranets
integration that is required
Educating non-MIS managers about IT
Advise the MIS department about your
employees’ training needs
Educating the MIS staff about the business
Communicate business needs, requirements
and goals
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
40
New (Consultative) Functions of the
MIS Department (2 of 2)
Consultative MIS Department Role
Informed End User Role
Partnering with business unit executives
Responsible for defining and clarifying your
roles in alignment with the MIS department
roles and organizational strategy
Managing outsourcing
Identify outsourcing requirements for your
functional area with the assistance of MIS
department advice
Proactively using business and technical
knowledge to see innovative ideas about
using IT
Partner with the MIS department to target
high-priority business needs and use
innovative solutions
Create business alliances with business
partners
Identify supply chain or other interorganizational business requirements
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
41
1.2 Overview of Computer-Based
Information Systems
•
•
Data, information, knowledge
IT infrastructure
IT components
o IT personnel
o IT services
o
•
Types of computer-based information systems
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
42
FIGURE 1.2 Data, information, and
knowledge
FIGURE 1.2 Data, information, and knowledge.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
43
FIGURE 1.3 Computer-based
information systems
FIGURE 1.3 Computer-based information systems consist of hardware,
software, databases, networks, procedures, and people.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
44
Computer-Based Information System
(CBIS)
Six basic components:
•
•
Four information technology (IT) components: hardware,
software, database, network
Two non-IT components: procedures, people
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
45
TABLE 1.3 Major Capabilities of
Information Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations
Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within
and among organizations
Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access yet
small space
Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of
information worldwide
Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently
Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual
tasks
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
46
Types of Computer-Based Information
Systems
•
•
Breadth of support of ISs
Support for organizational employees
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
47
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems (1 of 3)
•
Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS), also known
as a departmental information system:
o
o
o
o
o
Human resources (HR)
Accounting
Finance
Marketing
Production/operations
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
48
FIGURE 1.4 IT inside your organization
FIGURE 1.4 Information technology inside your organization.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
49
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems (2 of 3)
•
Two information systems support the entire organization:
o
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
•
o
Provide communication among functional area ISs through an
integrated database
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
•
Support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of
data from the organization’s day-to-day operations for basic
business transactions
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
50
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems (3 of 3)
•
Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS)
o
o
Support many interorganizational operations
Examples include:
•
•
Supply chain management (SCM) systems
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
51
FIGURE 1.5 Information systems that
function among multiple organizations
FIGURE 1.5 Information systems that function among multiple
organizations.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
52
IT’s About Business 1.2:
TRIEC Helps Canada Newcomers Find a Job
Consider:
• How can technology support a mentor for you in your
future careers?
• How is your online education supported by email systems?
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
53
Support for Particular Organizational
Employees
All types of workers require support from information
systems:
• Clerical workers, managers, knowledge workers
The systems that support them are called:
• Functional area information systems (FAIS)
• Business analytics (BA) and business intelligence (BI)
• Expert systems (ES)
• Dashboards (aka digital dashboards)
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
54
TABLE 1.4 Types of Organizational
Information Systems
Type of System
Function
Example
Transaction processing system
Processes transaction data from terminal
Walmart checkout point-of-sale business events
Enterprise resource planning
Integrates all functional areas of the
organization
Oracle, SAP system
Functional area IS
Supports the activities within specific
functional area
System for processing payroll
Decision support system
Provides access to data and analysis
tools
“What-if” analysis of changes in budget
Expert system
Mimics human expert in a particular
area and makes decisions
Credit card approval analysis
Dashboards
Present structured, summarized
information about aspects of business
important to executives
Status of sales by product
Supply chain management
system
Manages flows of products, services,
and information among organizations
Walmart Retail Link system connecting
suppliers to Walmart
Electronic commerce system
Enables transactions among
organizations and between organizations
and customers
www.dell.com
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
55
1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?
•
•
•
•
•
IT Impacts Entire Industries
IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers
IT Changes the Manager’s Job
Will IT Eliminate Jobs?
IT Impacts Employees at Work
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
56
IT Impacts Entire Industries: Examples
(1 of 2)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Book industry
Music industry
Video industry
Software industry
Video game industry
Photography industry
Marketing
Recruiting
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
57
IT Impact Impacts Entire Industries
Examples (2 of 2)
•
•
Financial services
Motion picture industry
o
•
•
•
•
•
DreamWorks Animation
Automobile industry
Agriculture
Fashion
Education
Legal profession
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
58
IT Reduces the Number of Middle
Managers
•
•
Makes middle managers more productive
IT increases the number of employees reporting to a single
manager, so IT reduces the number of middle managers
required
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
59
IT Changes the Manager’s Job
•
•
Decision making is the most important managerial task
IT changes the way managers make decisions
o
o
o
IT provides near real-time information
Managers have less time to make decisions
IT provides tools for analysis to assist in decision making
and in handling high volumes of information
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
60
Will IT Eliminate Jobs?
•
•
The competitive advantage of replacing people with IT and
machines is increasing rapidly
Increasing the use of IT in business also:
o
o
Creates new job categories
Requires more employees with IT knowledge and skills
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
61
IT Impacts Employees’ Health and
Safety
•
•
Increased job stress
Long-term use of the keyboard and mouse can result in
repetitive strain injuries (RSI)
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
62
FIGURE 1.6 Ergonomic products
protect computer users
FIGURE 1.6 Ergonomic products protect computer users.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
63
IT Provides Opportunities for People
with Disabilities
•
•
Speech-recognition for employees unable to type due to
physical impairment
Audible screen tips for employees who are visually impaired
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
64
1.4 Importance of Information Systems
to Society
•
•
•
•
IT Affects Our Quality of Life
The Robot Revolution Is Here Now
IT Impacts Health Care
The Emergence of Cognitive Computing: IBM Watson
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
65
IT Affects Our Quality of Life
•
IT has changed the way we work
o
o
o
Smartphones provide constant access to text, email, and
voice communications
The lines between time at work and leisure time at home
have become blurred
Surveys indicate employees take laptops and smartphones
on vacation
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
66
The Robot Revolution is Here Now
•
•
•
•
Baxter
LoweBots
Drones
Autonomous vehicles
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
67
IT’s About Business 1.3:
Diverse Uses for Drones
Consider:
• How are drones and robots helping with our food supply?
• How could drones help reduce crime in your area, town, or
city?
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
68
IT Impacts Health Care
•
IT is used in health care to:
o
o
o
o
Make better and faster diagnoses
Streamline the process of researching and developing new
drugs
Enhance the work of radiologists
Allow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex
surgeries, and use robots to remotely perform surgery
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
69
The Emergence of Cognitive
Computing: IBM Watson
•
IBM’s Watson is an example of artificial intelligence (AI)
called cognitive computing. Watson:
Understands natural language
o Learns and absorbs information to formulate hypotheses
o Has the ability to understand the context of a question
o
•
•
In health care Watson helps fine-tune diagnoses and
treatment protocols
Watson is being used in other areas including: customer
service, financial services, tax preparation services, and
strategic analysis
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
70
Closing Case: John Deere Becomes a Technology
Company and It Is Not All Good News
Think about:
• Technology has helped farmers work more precisely with
their crops and with other partners: how much could that be
worth?
• Should software maintenance for any product be “locked
in” to specific suppliers or more readily accessible?
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
71
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the author. All rights
reserved. Students and instructors who are authorized users of this course are
permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the
course. No part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how
to obtain permission to reuse this material is available at
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Copyright ©2021 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
72