Essential Steps on Road Design By Ir Azizul bin Hawari Malaysia’s Engineering DNA July 2023 1 CONTENT SHEET Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Lesson Outcomes References Terms and Definitions Essential Steps on Road Design Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps. Q&A 2 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Lesson Outcomes 3 Lesson Outcomes Malaysia’s Engineering DNA We will be familiar with the usual terms use by Highway Engineers To understand the essential steps on road design and risk of skipping any of the steps. To understand what Highway Engineer needs in order to design a road or junction. To avoid major mistakes in road design in by following the essential steps. 4 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA References 5 References Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 6 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Terms and Definitions 7 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from NTJ 27/2012 8 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from NTJ 27/2012 9 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from NTJ 27/2012 10 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from NTJ 27/2012 11 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) 12 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 13 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 14 L-Sag Malaysia’s Engineering DNA L-Crest K-Crest = K-Sag = Figures taken from Google 15 Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figures were taken from ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) 16 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Essential Steps on Road Design 17 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA - Info / data that we need Satellite Image and Contour Traffic Patterns (taking from internet or RTVM) and Traffic Impact Assessment (Desk Study) IFSAR Geological Map Land use strategies maps Preliminary Design - Topography Survey Utility Detection Maps LiDAR Subsurface Investigation Traffic Impact Assessment Detailed Design - Additional Topography Survey Additional Utility Detection Maps Additional LiDAR Additional Subsurface Investigation (SI) Conceptual Design Construction Stage Handing Over - Only if necessary 18 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Output from Each Steps Conceptual Design Preliminary Design - Design Criteria Typical Cross-section Alignment Options on Maps Conceptual Plan and Profile Drawings - All the above with addition: Plan and Profile Drawings Bridge Locations (indicative only) RS Wall Locations (indicative only) Earthwork Quantities (Cut and Fill Volume) - All the above with addition: - *Pavement Design Detailed Design - Bridge Detailed Design - Geotechnical Detailed Design - Drainage Detailed Design (including Detention Pond) Construction Stage - Road Furniture Detailed Design - Location Signages Design - *Utility Relocation Design. Handing Over *Some Client wants these output to be put under Preliminary Design 19 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Related Actions from Each Steps Conceptual Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 1 - *Independent Checker - Value Management Lab Preliminary Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 2 - *Independent Checker - Value Engineering Lab Detailed Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 3 - *Independent Checker - Value Engineering Exercise for each trades. Construction Stage Handing Over *Some Client or Authority request for this 20 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Related Actions from Each Steps Conceptual Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 1 - *Independent Checker - Value Management Lab Preliminary Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 2 - *Independent Checker - Value Engineering Lab Detailed Design - Road Safety Audit Stage 3 - *Independent Checker - Value Engineering Exercise for each trades. Construction Stage Handing Over *Some Client or Authority request for this 21 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Important Checking to Do Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Detailed Design Construction Stage Handing Over - General Summary Table – at Pages 119 and 120 of ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) - Table 1.1 Desirable Minimum Spacing of Junctions ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) - Location of Junctions/ Intersections – Gl. 1.4 ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) - General Summary Table – at Pages 119 and 120 of ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) - Table 1.1 Desirable Minimum Spacing of Junctions - ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) - Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment, Gl. 4.4 ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) - Design Level of Service - 20 years after completion of the road - Enough Accelerate and Deceleration lanes - ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) - Need to check overall detailed based on all related ATJs. - Also related to other Design Codes for related elements (e.g BS8110 and BS5400 for Bridges) 22 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Taken from ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) 23 Essential Steps on Road Design Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Taken from ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) 24 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps 25 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA The Road Design is Straight for a Long Distance. Gl. 4.2.9 (i) ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) ; 2 minutes rule 26 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Highway 10 in Saudi Arabia is home to the longest dead straight road on earth, covering over 250km. It links Haradh to Al Batha and has nothing but desert, desert, and more desert - the most uninhabited road on earth. Figures taken from Google 27 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Don’t design like this B A 28 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Propose to design like this B A 29 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Spacing between Junction is too Close Area Rural (Major Road) Urban (Major Road) Min Spacing Traffic Category of Between Conditions for Design Road Standard Major Road Intersection Ramp Design Vehicles (m) (Interchange) Expressway Highway Primary Secondary Minor Expressway Arterial Collector Local Street R6 R5 R5, R4 R4, R3 R2, R1 U6 U5, U4 U5, U4, U3 U4,U3, U2, U1 3000 V x 20 V x 10 Vx5 Vx3 1500 Vx3xn Vx2xn V x 1.5 x n C C/B B/A WB-15 SU SU/P C C/B B/A V=design speed n = number of through lane in one direction WB-15 SU SU/P Lane Width W3/W2 W2 W1 W1 W3/W2 W2/W2 W1 30 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 200m 200m Main Road (U5,2 Lanes Single Carriageway) 80km/h Full T- Junction A Full T- Junction B Full T- Junction C Smin = 80 x 3 x 1 = 240m 31 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 200m 200m Main Road (U5,2 Lanes Single Carriageway) 80km/h Full T- Junction A LILO B Full T- Junction C Smin = 80 x 3 x 1 = 240m Proposed Correction 32 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Change 4 Legs Junction into Roundabout or the other way round (unless proven by proper Traffic Studies) Source: Taken from ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) 33 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Incorrect Roundabout Alignment 34 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Figure was taken from Google Map 35 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Proposed Correction 36 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Incorrect Type of Junctions / Intersections. TABLE A: TYPE OF INTERSECTING SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT ROADS HIERARCHY Category of Road Crossing Rural Area (minor road) Area Rural (Major Road) Urban (Major Road) Category of Major Road ExpressHighway way Expressway Highway Primary Secondary Minor Expressway Arterial Collector Local Street IC IC IC/C Primary IC/SI/C SI/C/F Secondary Minor Street - - SI/SC/F SC/F/N Expressway Urban Area (minor road) Arterial Collector IC IC/SI/C SI/C/F SI/F Local Street SC/N SC/N IC SC/N SC/N (Auxiliary Lanes) 37 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Unsuitable Junctions Locations Where is the best location for LILO? Proposed Roundabout FRL = 110m To Future Development FRL = 76m 70m Development Area JKR Road FRL = 73m B A 200m 200m E D FRL = 69m FRL = 83m FRL = 85m FRL = 83m FRL = 75m C 200m Federal Highway (4 Lanes, Dual Carriageway) 38 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Statement above was taken from ATJ 11/87 (Pindaan 2017) 39 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Not Using Prelim Design for KM Submission Substandard Radius due to the road following KM Figure was taken from Google Map 40 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Didn’t Think in 3 Dimensional Taken from ATJ 8/86 (Pindaan 2015) 41 Mistakes That May Happen if We not Follow the Steps Malaysia’s Engineering DNA Use Unsuitable Data at The Wrong Step / Stage, e.g. Use Satellite Image for Preliminary Design or Detailed Design Use Preliminary Design Drawing for Construction 42 Joke Malaysia’s Engineering DNA THANK YOU Q&A SESSION Malaysia’s Engineering DNA 43
