HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS
Quarter 1 Module 1
computing devices in early times
1
Chinese Abacus
5
Tabulating Machine
2
Pascaline
6
Napier's Bone
3
Jacquard's Loom
7
Schickard's Machine
4
Analytical Engine
8
Leibnitz Calculator
CHINESE ABACUS
About 4000 years ago Chinese Abacus was invented.
This toll helps to add and subtract numbers, the
function of the rods can move only back and forth to
perform simple arithmetic.
pascaline
blaise pascal
Blaise Pascal is a French mathematician, he invented a
machine that can count fast. He called it PASCALINE.
This machine is intended to avoid mistakes or
frequent repetition of counting large numbers.
It could add and subtract long numbers without
making a mistake and it can perform counting
faster than Abacus.
jacquard's loom
joseph marie jacquard
By 1801, a French weaver found a faster way to weave a
cloth. He was Joseph Marie Jacquard. He invented a
machine that could follow instructions from
punch cards. These cards were fed into the machine.
The punch holes in the cards looked like patterns.
These were used to weave cross-stitch designs on the cloth
thus, the machine was known as the Jacquards Loom.
analytical engine
charles babbage
Later in 1883, an American named Charles Babbage
designed a machine that could do a lot of things by itself.
This machine could solve problems using programs.
And it could store instructions just like a modern
computer. He called his invention the “ANALYTICAL
ENGINE”, because of his great idea he became
the “Father of Modern Computers”.
Lady Augusta Ada Byron was a close
friend of Charles Babbage. She made
the sets of instructions for the
Analytical Engine to follow. Since
these instructions were stored in the
engine, it could easily do the
instructions repeatedly. These sets of
Instructions were known as programs.
lady augusta ada byron
Thus, Lady Augusta Ada Byron was
known as the “World’s First
Programmer”.
tabulating machine
herman hollerith
Dr. Herman Hollerith is an American statistician who
invented a counting machine in just two weeks, he called it
“Tabulating Machine”. At that time, there were no
available machines that could help the government count
the number of people living in a certain country. Thus,
Hollerith’s invention helped taking a census easier for the
government. A census counts the number of people living
in a city or town, made by the government officials.
napier's bone
john napier
John Napier is a Scottish mathematician who developed
an early mechanical calculating device for
multiplication and division. The device was termed
Napier’s bones due to the set of numbered rods, which
are made of bones. The figure in the rods are lined up to
make simple calculations.
schickard's machine
wilhelm schickard
Wilhelm Schickard, a German scientist who invented a
machine in 1623 that uses sprocket wheels to add,
multiply and divide numbers.
leibnitz calculator
gottfried wilhelm
leibnitz
Around 1670’s, a German mathematician invented
another counting machine. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz
called it “LEIBNITZ CALCULATOR”. This machine
works better than the Abacus and the Pascaline. It can
add, subtract, multiply and divide, it can even find the
square root of a number.
Computer
Definition
A computer is a machine that performs
tasks according to specific commands at
great speed and high degree of accuracy.
It is a machine that speaks its own
language and needs a programmer that
gives instructions for which it was designed.
It can perform arithmetic algorithms such
as addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division.
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
GENERATIONS
OF
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
Computers of the first generation
consist of large and expensive
vacuum tubes, which were very
undependable.
These
tubes
burned out fast and usually have to
be replaced to keep the program
going. The UNIVAC I is one good
example of a first-generation
computer.
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
These were computers which used
transistors instead of vacuum
tubes. Transistors were smaller
and
more
dependable
than
vacuum tubes. They were also
more energy efficient as they gave
off less heat, resulting in faster
computers. But these were still
slower
compared
to
later
computers.
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
The coming of Integrated Circuits
(ICs) greatly speeded computing
time and reduced the size of
computers. The ICs can contain
thousands of transistor making it
possible to make smaller but more
powerful computers. Software and
programs began to be developed
during this time, but they still were
behind advancements in hardware
or computer parts.
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
As more circuits were compressed
into single chips, there was an
increase in the speed and
reliability of computers. There was
also greater storage capacity with
the coming of new storage disks. It
was during this time that programs
and software became more up-todate.
Microcomputers,
called
Personal Computers (PCs), were
also developed.
First
Generation
1950s
Second
Generation
1960s
Third
Generation
late
1960s
Fourth
1970s Generation 1980s
1990s
Fifth
Generation beyond
Chips became super-fast and powerful.
Among these is the Pentium chip
created by Intel Corporation, which
has Pentium 5 as the latest in their
series. The fifth generation of
computer
technology
saw
the
widespread use of computers in terms
of worldwide applications such as the
Internet, teleconferencing, and various
modes and various other advanced
computer
applications
such
as
artificial intelligence, simulations and