Lasix Generic name: Furosemide Classification: Loop diuretic Indications: Edema, hypertension, heart failure Adult dosage: 20-80 mg/day PO/IV Side effects: Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity Nursing considerations: Monitor electrolytes, I&O, BP. Watch for signs of dehydration. Teach patient about compliance. Generic name: Digoxin Classification: Cardiac glycoside Indications: Heart failure, atrial fibrillation Adult dosage: 0.125-0.25 mg/day PO Side effects: Nausea, bradycardia, arrhythmias Nursing considerations: Monitor potassium levels. Watch for toxicity - nausea, visual changes, arrhythmias. Teach patient about drug interactions. Generic name: Warfarin Classification: Anticoagulant Indications: DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation, post-op Adult dosage: Individualized per PT/INR Side effects: Bleeding, bruising Nursing considerations: Monitor PT/INR. Watch for signs of bleeding. Teach about drug interactions and dietary restrictions. Educate on fall precautions. Generic name: Enalapril Classification: ACE inhibitor Indications: Hypertension, CHF, post-MI Adult dosage: 5-40 mg/day PO Side effects: Hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalemia Nursing considerations: Monitor BP and potassium levels. Watch for angioedema. Teach about compliance. Generic name: Metoprolol Classification: Beta blocker Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias Adult dosage: 25-200 mg/day PO Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm Nursing considerations: Monitor HR and BP. Watch for wheezing. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Generic name: Propranolol Classification: Beta blocker Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraines Adult dosage: 40-160 mg/day PO Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm Nursing considerations: Monitor HR and BP. Watch for wheezing. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Generic name: Amlodipine Classification: Calcium channel blocker Indications: Hypertension, angina Adult dosage: 2.5-10 mg/day PO Side effects: Headache, edema, dizziness Nursing considerations: Monitor BP. Watch for peripheral edema. Teach about compliance. Generic name: Diltiazem Classification: Calcium channel blocker Indications: Hypertension, angina, afib Adult dosage: 120-360 mg/day PO Side effects: Headache, edema, dizziness Nursing considerations: Monitor HR and BP. Watch for peripheral edema. Teach about compliance. Generic name: Nitroglycerin Classification: Vasodilator Indications: Angina, hypertension Adult dosage: 0.3-0.6 mg SL PRN q5min x 3 doses for angina Side effects: Hypotension, headache, dizziness Nursing considerations: Monitor BP. Teach about prevention, rest, and sublingual administration for angina. Avoid alcohol. Generic name: Prednisone Classification: Corticosteroid Indications: Inflammation, immunosuppression Adult dosage: 5-60 mg/day PO Side effects: Hyperglycemia, insomnia, immunosuppression Nursing considerations: Taper slowly. Monitor glucose levels. Teach about preventing infection and reporting signs of hyperglycemia. Generic name: Morphine Classification: Narcotic analgesic Indications: Moderate to severe pain Adult dosage: 2-30 mg q2-6h PO/IV/IM Side effects: Respiratory depression, constipation, addiction Nursing considerations: Monitor respiratory status. Prevent constipation. Evaluate pain and sedation. High potential for abuse. ASA Generic name: Acetylsalicylic acid Classification: NSAID Indications: Pain, fever, platelet aggregation inhibitor Adult dosage: 325-650 mg PO q4-6h Side effects: GI bleeding, heartburn, bruising, ringing in ears Nursing considerations: Monitor stool and urine. Can take with food to decrease GI upset. Teach about bleeding risk. Generic name: Clopidogrel Classification: Antiplatelet Indications: Prevent blood clots post-stenting Adult dosage: 75 mg/day PO Side effects: Bleeding, bruising, rash Nursing considerations: Monitor for signs of bleeding. Teach about compliance. Discontinue 5-7 days before procedures. Generic name: Phenytoin Classification: Anticonvulsant Indications: Seizures, arrhythmias Adult dosage: 100-400 mg/day PO Side effects: Ataxia, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia Nursing considerations: Monitor drug levels. Watch for signs of toxicity. Teach about compliance and avoiding alcohol. Generic name: Albuterol Classification: Bronchodilator Indications: Asthma, COPD, bronchospasm Adult dosage: 2-4 puffs q4-6h PRN via inhaler Side effects: Tachycardia, nervousness, throat irritation Nursing considerations: Teach proper inhaler technique. Monitor peak flow readings. Watch for paradoxical bronchospasm. Generic name: Ipratropium Classification: Anticholinergic bronchodilator Indications: COPD, asthma, bronchospasm Adult dosage: 2-3 puffs q6-8h via inhaler Side effects: Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision Nursing considerations: Teach proper inhaler technique. Can mix with albuterol treatments. Monitor lung sounds and oxygen saturation. Generic name: Vancomycin Classification: Antibiotic Indications: Resistant gram positive infections Adult dosage: Actual dose based on levels, usually 1-2 g/day IV Side effects: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome with infusion Nursing considerations: Monitor renal function and vancomycin levels. Infuse slowly to avoid red man syndrome. Generic name: Allopurinol Classification: Uricosuric Indications: Gout, kidney stones Adult dosage: 100-800 mg/day PO Side effects: Rash, nausea, increased uric acid flares initially Nursing considerations: Encourage hydration. Teach about compliance. Monitor for rash and joint pain. Generic name: Potassium chloride Classification: Electrolyte Indications: Hypokalemia Adult dosage: Actual dose based on lab levels. PO - 20-80 mEq/day, IV - 10-20 mEq/dose Side effects: GI upset, diarrhea (PO); burning, tissue necrosis (IV infiltration) Nursing considerations: Monitor potassium levels. Never give IV push. Watch IV site for infiltration. Generic name: Alteplase Classification: Thrombolytic Indications: Ischemic stroke, PE, MI Adult dosage: Based on indication, usually IV infusion over 1-2 hours Side effects: Bleeding, hemorrhage Nursing considerations: Monitor for signs of bleeding. Teach about medication purpose. Have emergency equipment available. Generic name: Tamoxifen Classification: Antineoplastic Indications: Breast cancer Adult dosage: 10-20 mg PO bid Side effects: Hot flashes, blood clots, uterine cancer Nursing considerations: Teach women about pregnancy prevention. Monitor for vision changes, vaginal bleeding, leg swelling/pain. Generic name: Insulin Classification: Hypoglycemic Indications: Diabetes mellitus Adult dosage: Varies based on type and individual dose titration Side effects: Hypoglycemia Nursing considerations: Teach signs/treatment of hypoglycemia. Instruct on proper administration, rotation, and storage. Generic name: Glipizide Classification: Sulfonylurea Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adult dosage: 2.5-20 mg/day PO Side effects: Hypoglycemia Nursing considerations: Monitor glucose levels. Teach signs/treatment of hypoglycemia. Encourage compliance. Generic name: Metformin Classification: Biguanide Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adult dosage: 500-1000 mg BID or 850-2550 mg/day extended release PO Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, lactic acidosis Nursing considerations: Monitor renal function. Teach about sick day rules. Take with food to decrease GI side effects. Generic name: Diphenhydramine Classification: Antihistamine Indications: Allergic reactions, insomnia Adult dosage: 25-50 mg PO/IV/IM q4-6h PRN Side effects: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention Nursing considerations: Use caution if driving or operating machinery. Monitor for paradoxical reactions in elderly. Tylenol Generic name: Acetaminophen Classification: Analgesic Indications: Pain, fever Adult dosage: 325-650 mg PO q4-6h PRN Side effects: Liver toxicity Nursing considerations: Don't exceed 4,000 mg/day. Avoid alcohol. Teach about overdose risk. Assess pain after administration. Generic name: Fluticasone Classification: Corticosteroid (inhaled) Indications: Asthma, COPD Adult dosage: 2 puffs BID via inhaler Side effects: Hoarseness, thrush Nursing considerations: Teach proper inhaler technique. Rinse mouth after use. Monitor peak flow readings. Assess respiratory status. Generic name: Methylprednisolone Classification: Corticosteroid Indications: Severe inflammation, immunosuppression Adult dosage: 4-48 mg/day PO/IV/IM Side effects: Hyperglycemia, insomnia, immunosuppression Nursing considerations: Taper slowly. Monitor glucose. Watch for signs of infection. Teach about preventing side effects. Generic name: Hydrocortisone Classification: Corticosteroid Indications: Adrenal insufficiency, inflammation Adult dosage: 10-40 mg/day PO/IV/IM Side effects: Fluid retention, impaired wound healing Nursing considerations: Avoid abrupt discontinuation. Taper slowly. Teach about infection prevention and reporting signs of adrenal crisis. Generic name: Levodopa/carbidopa Classification: Antiparkinson agent Indications: Parkinson's disease Adult dosage: 100/25 mg TID PO, may increase up to 1600/400 mg/day Side effects: Nausea, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension Nursing considerations: Monitor for worsening movement. Give with food to decrease nausea. Teach about compliance. Generic name: Sertraline Classification: SSRI antidepressant Indications: Depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD Adult dosage: 25-200 mg/day PO Side effects: Nausea, headache, sexual dysfunction, suicidal ideation Nursing considerations: Monitor mental status. Teach about possible side effects and when they should diminish. Don't abruptly stop. Generic name: Losartan Classification: Angiotensin receptor blocker Indications: Hypertension, diabetic nephropathy Adult dosage: 25-100 mg/day PO Side effects: Dizziness, hyperkalemia Nursing considerations: Monitor BP and potassium levels. Watch for signs of angioedema. Teach about compliance. Generic name: Ibuprofen Classification: NSAID Indications: Pain, fever, inflammation Adult dosage: 200-800 mg PO q4-6h PRN Side effects: GI bleeding, ringing in ears, rash Nursing considerations: Take with food. Don't use for more than 10 days. Monitor for bruising or stool changes. Avoid in renal impairment. Generic name: Pantoprazole Classification: Proton pump inhibitor Indications: GERD, PUD, H. pylori Adult dosage: 40 mg PO daily Side effects: Headache, diarrhea, increased risk of infections Nursing considerations: May take 30-60 minutes before eating. Caution with long term use. Teach about medication side effects. Percocet Generic name: Oxycodone/acetaminophen Classification: Narcotic analgesic Indications: Moderate to severe pain Adult dosage: 1-2 tabs PO q4-6h PRN Side effects: Respiratory depression, nausea, constipation, addiction Nursing considerations: Monitor pain and respiratory status. Prevent constipation. Check for abuse/ dependence. Teach about side effects. Dilaudid Generic name: Hydromorphone Classification: Narcotic analgesic Indications: Severe pain Adult dosage: 1-4 mg IV/IM q3-6h PRN Side effects: Respiratory depression, dizziness, confusion Nursing considerations: Monitor pain and respiratory status closely. Have naloxone available. Assess for addiction. Use safety precautions. Generic name: Lansoprazole Classification: Proton pump inhibitor Indications: GERD, gastric ulcers, H. pylori Adult dosage: 15-30 mg PO daily Side effects: Headache, diarrhea, nausea Nursing considerations: May administer before eating. Monitor for s/sx of infections. Teach compliance and proper administration. Avoid antacids. Generic name: Spironolactone Classification: Potassium-sparing diuretic Indications: Hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, ascites, edema Adult dosage: 25-200 mg/day PO Side effects: Hyperkalemia, breast tenderness, irregular menses Nursing considerations: Monitor potassium, renal function. Teach about potential menstrual changes. Report signs of hyperkalemia promptly. Generic name: Lorazepam Classification: Benzodiazepine Indications: Anxiety, insomnia, seizures Adult dosage: 0.5-2 mg PO TID PRN; IV dose is 1-4 mg q2-6h Side effects: Respiratory depression, confusion, dependence Nursing considerations: Monitor respiratory status and mental status. Use lower doses in elderly. Avoid alcohol. Assess for dependence with long-term use.
