Chemical kinetics
Chats XI).
i)
Cheial Kinetics deals
ad also t
with
Chemibtn
e Yates o a Chei cal yeatio.
gatoss a}tectng
a Yatas o achoi'al
Yeatiom:
Kate or a cheical veachi om deginad as the daexoabe i
tie
Comeemtyabin o Xlatant oy incese im te Caneenta
-tim D} pyodut pey uoit bime.
3) The
hang
averae Yabe
0t
appyeitle peiod o; tie is alle
Averane xate
z
Chame im the Concetration
Time taken.
+ 4P]
At
A
The
Concentyatim
q A
o
time.
Loith imeYeabe
deeYaases
Averay Yatez -A]-4,-A)
4) The Yate o7 a
seacim at a given oint
allel in Stantanípub seation. Te i
Caletated
a tangent to te Cusve at
ta imtanti miud Yate
tanget givs
= instantanious Xate =-dAJ
Slope z
A,
de
dt ’ very Bmall inta
iti.
dA)’ Vy all e,
i
eapyes
e Xate ot Xeactin ín terms
H , , nd
+
0t
Siiazl
Kate = -L slB)
ot
Bt
0t
G) Foy a qebeous Yea chion at
Constamnt tem peYatuye
b
disactL propos tional to t partial pxes uselonentyati
9 Speciu
and hence. Yate Can aso be
enpmessed as Yate q Chanye
nartial
prebuye 4 ttie Xeactamt oY the pxoduct
t) Fatoy b
inguancáng tte Yate q a xeachian
) Datuse
)
9 te
Yeatants
Tempesature:
in
Generally
g
Yute a
xeectim betoas
tempealwe.
Yeartut
imereases
meYeses.
most o} e Yeachind
doul toY even xike
moleL .
4NH,3 ()+ S 0,4)’ 4 No (g) +GH,o C)
elibappearast
appearan ce
) kate la: Tue aepoesentaim 4 Yate 4 a xeaction mtermb
o Concetyatim g lta yeactat's i Caled
Yute law. Ie is also Called Yate exesi
oY Yata Qgation .
Yate
K= Xetion Yate Con Stant
Al:Conce mtrati
aye detesmimaA OMly by erperimat.
wot fra the Stioiomatsie egustim.
+ Cl, ’ Ccl t HtL
tQesimesctaly determi ned
2
’ CH,CooH + CzHOH
CH,Coo zHt,o
Experiment ally daterined
Yabe =k
cooc,g) C
tha Yate te xeatin, denes o n t e
ebtex but mot
waber
the
A'
is Called te o%der
deteima tactoy
Te orer nuay be
oY wole nd
o,tyachien
The mu an bex or
Tae
molaeubas) taki art an Yeabimg dnecies (atoms, in
ayy Xeackion, and
Coloid
hy im oydareaet
to
aLput the eheu
Yeaction is
3)_Moleculavity:
dimulCaled
tanious
a) Lt s a
o
mol
e
cul
a
yi
t
y
theoYeti cal Conee pt
a whole.
mumbay
wit
eag
bxinseatin.
g
te
i) The dde topositj on
an
Uni mo leeulay Yeaction;
mium mityite
ii) Bioleeulay yeactio
2 HI
’ H, +1,
Ti) T8i
molaculay seatin
200to, ’ 2w0,
2
Chaees 4 Sim tamions oLisios lhe
it is
becaus a.
pastielas
Xata
Canbtt : Tt is %ate g a chemilal
seacti
when ta lonlant yation g
yeactemt aye unity
yate = k DATTay yate eg
Lohen
Umit
Yate
k
uatio.
=| M
The vaLue
Yate
K do es
Con centatin
bime.
cim
mot dee
n
mitxob oxed
’ 2,tO2
polsen
Yate = k C,]
Tue
ox dey 4 t
possiGla
mechaniot
) ,o
adt
2)
2.w,0
Zexo
oY dey
.
, t O
22t
yeactioy:
Yate z K, Cay°
dt
On interabion
both te Side
-k,(dt
Sl titute tus value
[R].-Ca]
kz -lope
time ’
2wR,
I|30k.
yate =k [N H]
2)
3)
Thetm
iYdt OYdex
on a hot
N)t3Hg)
(onstant)
R’p
ux tale.
=k
ti m
del
a
npasi
2H1
Yeacbi on:
plati ue
H2 on
teachans.
qplA Sargace
K: Rea ction sal
covstomt
=k, Ce7'
A, : Beqieug
(ee.
itegbi
slo pe z -k
-k,t
k,= 23es Lng Ra
e
Lope
Fixst osdes
Aecay
3)
pelom osit
m g
slope
2-303
o
At tao Pi
ata
At tione t (Pi-x) atn
Xatn
Pi = initiad
2?-t
2-303
Pi
PA
2"3o3
Pi
2P;-Pe)
Yate yatinm.
dt
inkayratin
-K.(4t
RI,
Stope znk
Halt lie
Tue
pexiodi
The timae talken to
bie kakon ko ba
Lompute
halt
ptete haly o tie imitial Concentsatia
2
k, = R, -R
k,
2
2.
l¢ is Clear that
lst oxdex Xcacin
2303
2
k,
= 22-303
2-303
2,
2-3a3
D.b93
irjtial
tencetrabian
seudo 2irbt oAer Reaetim: Some
Xeactimd ad
Caled nulo ixd? ordey Yeations.
1t is a bimmoleculay seactio
but
tem pnesabuse. Eoy most
Caled tempayabuve Coe!}i eint.
Temperat«*e Coe3}iaieut
Rate Gonbtant at T2
Te num bey b}
- ant
loe
Rate onstaut at Ttioe
daelive Colliins
ameg
olecules belome
doubte toy ewesy ye
Ileyejoe the yeacls Yabe Cost t
louble.
belomes
Ayxhcnious
bateen
9usnbitaive selali n li
seac lin Yate lnstant am
temneyature.
Tuis is Calle
A
Ayshenivub e9uatin
actos bY frequeny zacto
E:Aheníous
Aclivabin enes4
K: Gub Conbtant z
g-34 Iomole k
I=
im
Tempeyatuve
Dn Kilvin Sale,
akiy logasi th
toy the above eg
Ea)rt
Ea
2-303
2303 R,
Ea Cam be
detesmimed
temnesatures
Let h,
d K,
-lin at buo
by
meabusiny
ave tie Yube
lonbtants ty
reyct
benavat uveb
Yespeci valy
2-303RT,
Ea
2303RT
Ea
2-303
RT
Ea
2-303R
-
E
2-303 RT
a
tead
T, an 7,
Ea
2-303R
|3
T, T
activatin
yolblam: The
teCaleulabe
mpevaturetheChages
som
Yeastin
absuming that
Loith temneatuse.
243k tobo 313k.
it does Not
ALTIVATION ENER Gy
poten
tial
tnas%4
KACei vabe dlo
Ea
play
En = A
Ea
ckvatim amas y
feactin Co-osdmates
onexay oich
ust be
Suppiel
to te
activation lnesgy Ea)
VwsTheesuoltodtel enexg
to un
Seuised
deyo hemical
Ce
ostue Yenctant oeculeb
Heeiuated Comples :
À am in tesmediate imsta
0duct, olie Jelomses to toyn
H
To
Products.
H-I
1
Ackvakel
Gmplex.
to
Yeyuised ox tue Yeactaat moleudes
toym Acbivute d Conlex is
also
Call
Acbivakin enesA4
Foy
en o thermie
Emasgy
Ydaclia
tue
pYoducts
ave
Actiyatat Comple
Reaeiom lo-oyinale
CATALy ST : CataLybt iüa dub
btance
oich alless the
9
Yate a Chenical
Yeacbn, oitl Dut
lonbuminy ftdel
Catalyt neYeabes the Yate a a
bian by deeseasing
teactin
which has
Aceivated
Conploy
abbene yeatayst
4
Enerh
: A
tivatiem
R
pyebence
eresay the
YeaLtim Cooydnates
(oLLÍSIDN THEDRY OF CHEMICAL REALTÍONS
Tab theosy wab
by
develored
MaxTYoutz and
Laisib. It ib
bubel
on Hhe
The main
kinelie
theoy
D
Doinib
tis tueoy
A
Chemi cal
2) Au te
Yeaction OccuI
Col'bins
lo
do
due bo the
natlea
wilam
o3
Collibions betcon
bt
Chenilal
YeactiM
Colibjn& wácth the
Dcivaiom esy, Can leae tteYeactont moleules Dosses
w
Henea thes
eiins
Cheilal easn.
Calla
2ecie lolisio
he
is
)
mumes
Colibin
lallas lolihen xeguercy
e
Dxopex osíeulalon
also im po ast
is
A
Co).
Xate
AR
Calle
4
Secn, ex Wnit
2)
eaLeant
Dsobabilty gatoy
AB
Colisin
oleules
oy
Stexie
i
a