De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
BASIC EDUCATION
FILIPINO GENERATION X’S CONTINUOUS USE OF ONLINE
SHOPPING PLATFORMS: A STUDY OF
THE FACTOR LEVELS
A Research Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
Basic Education Department
De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for
Senior High School
DIZON, JAMESSE HAYES B.
MANALO, NAKEISHA AILLA A.
NADRES, DIANA ALLIYAH O.
PEREZ, ANTONETTE E.
PERMA, PSALM AVRIAHNE D.
ROXAS, SERENA GRACIELLE D.
SORIANO, JASMINE MARIE D.
VALLEJOS, ALYANNA D.
May 2023
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ABSTRACT
This study focused on finding out the perceived factor levels of the
continuous usage of online shopping platforms by Filipino Generation X.
The factors included are convenience, efficiency, and promos. Individuals
aged 42–57 from the following cities in Cavite: Bacoor, Dasmariñas,
General Trias, and Imus were chosen using the purposive sampling
technique. Furthermore, the study employed descriptive statistics. Mean,
standard deviation, Spearman's Rho, T-test, and ANOVA were used to
investigate the relationship between perception and the intention of Filipino
Generation X to continually use online shopping platforms. The study
revealed that Filipino Generation X’s perceived level of factors according to
convenience, efficiency, and promos was high. Moreover, the study also
revealed that they also have a high intention to continually use online
shopping platforms, recommending them to their peers as they find them
convenient, accessible, and easy to use. Thus, the study recommends the
use of online shopping platforms as Filipino Generation X validates their
use.
Keywords: Filipino Generation X, online shopping platform, convenience,
efficiency, promos, continuous usage, behavioral intention
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled Filipino Generation X’s Continuous us of
Online Shopping Platforms: A Study of Factor levels prepared and
submitted by Jamesse Hayes Dizon, Nakeisha Ailla Manalo, Diana
Alliyah Nadres, Antonette Perez, Psalm Avhrianne Perma, Serena
Gracielle Roxas, Jasmine Marie Soriano, Alyanna Vallejos in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion,
has been examined and found worthy of approval, and is therefore highly
recommended for acceptance for final oral defense.
Ms. Marize Javinez
Research Adviser
RESEARCH REVIEW PANEL
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of
_.
Sir. John Christopher Pascual
Sir. Roel Sible
Member
Member
Sir. Christian Lucero
Chair
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Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Senior High School.
Approved by:
MA. LUISA V. CUARESMA, MSc
MARLON C. PAREJA, MS
Associate Principal for Academics and Research
Date of Final Defense: May 24, 2023
Principal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, praise and gratitude are expressed to God, the
Almighty, for the blessings and direction he bestowed upon the researchers
up to the conclusion of their research study.
The researchers would like to acknowledge and express their
profound appreciation to the following individuals with their sincere support
that made the completion of this study possible:
Ms. Marize Javinez, the research adviser, for providing utmost
guidance and constructive input in the process of this research.
Mr. Aron Dave Umali, the statistician, for his assistance in enhancing
the research design, assuring the precise use of necessary statistical
methods, for advising the researchers, and providing constructive feedback
that allowed the researchers to carefully construct their study.
Mr. Josiah Jude Abuton, the Practical Research and Inquires,
Investigations, and Immersion Instructor, for teaching and providing
valuable knowledge to the researchers, as well as informing the researchers
with the requirements and deadlines.
Finally, the family and friends of the researchers, for their
encouragement and support throughout the process of the research study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
1
ABSTRACT
2
APPROVAL SHEET
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6
LIST OF TABLES
9
LIST OF FIGURES
10
Chapter
1
2
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
11
Conceptual Framework
16
Statement of the Problem
17
Hypothesis
17
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
18
Significance of the Study
18
Definition of Terms
19
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual and Related Literature
21
Synthesis
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3
4
5
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
39
Population and Sampling
40
Respondents of the Study
41
Research Instrument
41
Data-gathering Procedures
42
Statistical Treatment of Data
43
Ethical Consideration
44
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Statement of the Problem # 1
48
Statement of the Problem # 2
54
Statement of the Problem # 3
56
Discussion of Results
57
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
63
Conclusion
65
Recommendations
67
REFERENCES
70
APPENDICES
A. Research Forms
85
B. Survey Forms
103
C. Certificates
109
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D. Figures
113
E. Curriculum Vitae
114
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1
Likert Scale Intervals
46
2
Interpretation of the Size of a Correlation Coefficient
47
3
Interpretation of Significance Level
47
4
Descriptive Statistics for Convenience
48
5
Descriptive Statistics for Efficiency
50
6
Descriptive Statistics for Promos
52
7
Descriptive Statistics for Intention
54
8
Correlation Table for Intention
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
1
Page
Conceptual Framework of the Research Study
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Chapter 1
THE BACKGROUND AND ITS PROBLEM
This chapter discusses the background of the study, conceptual
framework, statement of the problem for the research, significance of the
study, scope and limitations of the study, and definition of terms.
Introduction
People today lead a very broad range of lifestyles. It has been shown
that a person's age significantly affects both their acceptance of and
intention to engage in internet purchases. Over the past few years, online
shopping has experienced an incredible increase in popularity. Due to their
unique histories, viewpoints, and interests, various demographic groups'
shopping habits and inclinations differ significantly (Parment, 2013). The ecommerce market has a ton of room to grow, as evidenced by the fact that
the major players in this sector are growing at an exponential rate. A
program called an electronic commerce platform enables transactions
between internet parties, like a buyer and a seller. An e-commerce
platform's main goal is to enable customers to discover and quickly
purchase novel goods and services.
The Generation X generation strives to combine work, life, and
family. They differ from one another in terms of traits, routines, attitudes,
and values. They generally purchase goods from businesses that specialize
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in providing good value because their needs are varied, and they typically
have financial constraints. They will engage in safe purchasing practices
and
pick
an
advantageous
and
sensible
purchasing
approach
(Balakrishnan & Chakraborty, 2017). In contrast to earlier generations,
Generation X did not grow up with this type of lifestyle, thus it demonstrates
how open they are to accept and adapt digital media into their daily lives,
even though they are first unfamiliar with it. Additionally, characteristics
such as performance expectations, hedonistic motivation, pricing value,
habit, behavior intention, delivery, customer happiness, trust, and loyalty
were some of the causes that encouraged Generation X to continue on
utilizing online purchasing portals.
Those who were born between the middle of the 1960s and the
beginning of the 1980s are referred to as members of "Generation X"
(commonly abbreviated as "Gen X"). They are sometimes referred to as the
"middle child" generation due to their relatively small numbers compared to
the baby boomer and millennial eras. The members of this group are getting
closer to the midpoint of their working careers, which is typically their peakearning years. People often have the impression that Generation Xers are
resourceful, self-sufficient, and adept at maintaining a healthy balance
between their personal and work lives. In comparison to the generations
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who came before them, both younger generations have higher rates of
internet adoption.
As a platform enabled by computers, e-commerce is networks for the
exchange of information, goods, and services (the internet). Computer
networks are used to construct different business processes, rearrange
distribution cycles, and create new interactions between customers and
suppliers. Additionally, the number of online buyers is increasing
dramatically as a result of the internet, the world wide web, e-commerce,
and associated technologies (Raval et al., 2021).
The practice of
performing business transactions digitally, such as online shopping and
money transfers, using platforms like the Internet and mobile apps is known
as e-commerce (Rouse, 2019). Despite the widespread usage of ecommerce, there are still significant challenges that sellers and consumers
must overcome while conducting business online. Tamturk (2017) asserts
that the fear of their personal safety and information kept internet users
throughout the world from doing business online, which hampered the
expansion and growth of the digital market.
According to the study by Centeno, et al. (2022), mobile ecommerce
has begun to take over the world of online purchasing in many Asian
nations. According to Yatprom (2020), the Philippines is one of the countries
in the region with the fastest-growing e-commerce sectors, and it is
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anticipated that it would surpass universal PC use before mobile devices,
making it one of the top m-commerce nations in the region. Hechanova
(2014) referenced Miller and Washington (2013) as saying that Ignatius'
research on customer behavior produced a generational analysis. A
comparison of how different generations use the internet. Baby boomers
and Generation X were found to have similar levels of interest in online
shopping, with both generations having a neutral or ambiguous opinion of
digital media.
E-commerce has been touted as a promising new industry for the
Philippine economy because to the high penetration of mobile devices,
especially among the younger population (Vicente, 2016). Even as it
garnered public backing, it faced the same difficulties as the rest of the
country. According to Segovia (2016), e-commerce in the Philippines has
lagged behind, despite the country's tremendous economic development.
One important aspect was the absence of a well-developed supporting
infrastructure, particularly in the areas of internet access, electronic
payments, the regulatory environment, and logistics.
Although the market expanded, unforeseen issues arose. Internet
consumers in Luzon areas like Makati had to deal with issues like a slow
connection, which caused them to pay 1.5 times as much for the same
speed (Marcelo, 2018). Online sales in the Philippines have declined due
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to shipment delays, according to Toral (2016). The paucity of available
courier services has been blamed for the majority of the delivery delays that
have been reported by customers. Domingo (2017) asserts that the slow
development of e-commerce in the country can be traced back to the
people's persistent skepticism about the industry. Most Filipinas were
skeptical of online shopping because they worried about being ripped off by
fraudulent businesses. E-commerce, or electronic commerce, is the term
used to characterize the ever-expanding business sector that operates
entirely or primarily within the realm of the internet. Problems of a global
and domestic scope occurred in tandem with this phenomenon's precipitous
rise to prominence.
The research team was driven to carry out this study in order to assist
various businesses in improving their customer service and to help them
comprehend the extent of factors that influence customers' utilization of
online purchasing platforms. Research into generation X's level of
dependability, efficiency, and convenience of electronic commerce was
deemed necessary due to the prevalence of issues like mistrust, privacy
concerns, late deliveries, slow internet connections, and a general lack of
interaction between the user and the product.
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Conceptual Framework
LEVEL OF
FACTORS BASED
ON:
A. CONVENIENCE
B. EFFICIENCY
C. PROMOS
LEVEL OF
INTENTION TO
CONTINUE
USING THE
ONLINE
SHOPPING
PLATFORMS
Figure 1. The conceptual framework of the research study
The level of factors influencing the continuous use of online shopping
platforms of Filipino Generation X was based on their experiences with and
feedback regarding the said platform. In the paradigm, a significant
relationship can be seen between Filipino Generation X’s perceived level of
factors based on convenience, efficiency, and promos and their intention to
continue using the online shopping platforms. Through these given
variables, the information gathered provided sufficient data that made up
the level of factors influencing the continuous use of online shopping
platforms of Filipino Generation X.
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Statement of the Problem
The research aims to know the level of factors influencing the
continuous use of online shopping platforms of Filipino Generation X. It is
guided by the following questions:
1. What is Filipino Generation X’s perceived level of factors affecting
their usage of online shopping platforms based on:
a. Convenience
b. Efficiency
c. Promos
2. What is their level of intention to continue using the online shopping
platforms?
3. Is there a significant relationship between their perceived level on the
given factors and their level of intention to continue using the said
platform?
Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between Filipino Generation X’s
perceived level of factors affecting their usage of online shopping platforms
based on convenience, efficiency, and promos, and their level of intention
to continue using the said platform.
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Scope and Delimitations
This research study focuses specifically on the factors influencing
the continuous usage of online shopping platform of Filipino Generation X
living in the following cities: Dasmariñas, Imus, General Trias, and Bacoor.
Thus, this study solely focuses on Filipino Generation X from different cities
in Cavite: Dasmariñas, Bacoor, General Trias, and Imus. No other factors
are explored in this study. The study is conducted through an online survey
to gather data that involves the respondents’ preferences, experiences, and
feedback.
Significance of the Study
The study aims to help the following benefactors:
The Online Shoppers. This study will help online shoppers discover
the advantages of making purchases through an online marketplace. The
findings of this investigation will also convince the other generations who
haven’t used an online shopping platform before to start looking into the
convenience of these online marketplace.
The Online Sellers. This study will help online entrepreneurs identify
the advantages of owning an online-based business. This will also be
beneficial to already established businesses to further improve and
enhance the services they provide to the consumers.
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Generation X. This study will help people from this generation to
obtain the benefits of using an online retail store. This will also help them
decide if the convenience of purchasing services through the internet can
replace the old ways of buying in an actual store.
Future Researchers. The results of this study can be used as a
future resource and provide guidance for their research.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as they were used operationally in
the present study.
Baby Boomers. People who were born between the mid-1940s to
early-1960s.
Continuous usage. The act of continuing to use something, e.g., an
online shopping platform, in the present and future.
Convenience. The easiness to do something and little amount of
work is exerted.
E-commerce. This is a type of business where the act of purchasing
and selling services is done on the internet.
Efficiency. Being able to have a successful outcome by using
minimal resources.
Fraudulent. Behaving with the intention to deceive
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Generation X (Gen X). People who were born between the middle
of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s.
Generation Y (Gen Y). The generation of individuals born between
the early 1980s and the 1990s. They are also known as millennials.
Intention. The willingness to use or do something.
Online Shopping Platform. These are stores or platforms that
provide goods and services through the internet.
Paucity. The smallness of quantity or numbers.
Pragmatism. An attitude to tackling things based on practical rather
than theoretical ideas.
Promos. The discount and vouchers given by the seller or shop in
order to buy a product for a low price.
Skepticism. Doubt or refusal to believe in the absence of convincing
and definite proof.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researchers provide articles that are credible for
the study. The review of related literature will help the researchers to further
identify the necessary information that are needed in this study. The
synthesis is also provided by the researchers in this chapter.
Generation X
Generation X attempt to find a happy medium between family, life,
and work. They have distinct characteristics, habits, attitudes, and values.
Because their needs are diverse and they usually face economic limits, they
frequently shop at establishments that specialize in giving good value. They
will partake in safe purchase activities and choose a helpful and practical
purchasing strategy (Balakrishnan & Chakraborty, 2017). In Triami and
Yoga’s study (2021), they used the UTAUT2 paradigm for e-commerce to
investigate how Generation X adopts and uses technology. According to the
study’s findings, the five UTAUT2 characteristics have a favorable as well
as important impact, but some other characteristics have little or no effect.
The data show that the presumption of a product’s presentation, impact of
the happiness and suffering of an individual to move closer to an objective
or farther to a warning, monetary worth, mannerism, and intent of an action
all have an optimistic and integral impact on how Generation X use internet
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shopping. The other three criteria, on the other hand, such as effort
expectations, enabling conditions, and social influence, have minimal
influence on how Generation X use internet shopping. However, in
accordance with Chelvarayan et al. (2021), the importance of the following
four components was determined: delivery, customer satisfaction, product
and service quality, and trust. Apart from the third factor, product and
service quality, all of the other factors were discovered to possess crucial
influence on the customer’s motivation to buy a certain product online.
Likewise, according to Adwan et al. (2021), their study showed the most
significant relationship between perceived trust and purchase expectations.
Increased customer trust in online shops promotes Generation X to have
higher online buying expectations. Furthermore, based on Chauke’s study
(2014), loyalty and satisfaction impact repurchase intent. Because of those
reasons, online buyers continue to use the electronic channel for
transactions.
According to Miller and Washington (2013) as cited by Hechanova,
& Ignatius, this study on consumer behavior compared the Internet usage
of several generations on a generational basis. According to their findings,
members of Generation Y have greater access to internet surfing, etc. than
do those from Generation X, yet Generation Xers use email more frequently
than either Generation Y or Baby Boomers. Baby boomers were shown to
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be more interested in online shopping, followed by Generation X. Both
generations have a neutral or unclear view about digital media. The
respondents also concurred with the assertions made regarding the
significance of online media platforms. Furthermore, neither responder
depends heavily on digital media. Both respondents had a neutral view
about the favorable claims made about digital media. On the other hand,
they have a neutral perspective on criticism of digital media. (Abbas, et al.)
Most Gen X respondents use social media and other technology for 1-2
hours per day, compared to 3–4 hours per day for Millennials. Generation
X uses devices to save essential data and information, whilst Millennials
use gadgets to pass the time when they are bored. This is how their
purposes of use differ. In addition, social media and technological
advancements are beneficial to Generation X's work and to Millennial
studies. (Lardera, et al. 2018)
It shows how Generation X are willing to adopt and incorporate digital
media into their daily lives even when they are not familiar with it at first as
they did not grow up with this kind of lifestyle unlike other generations. Also,
factors like performance expectations, hedonic motivation, price value,
habit, behavior intention, delivery, customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty
are some of the factors that influence Generation X to continue using online
shopping platforms. However, it is observed that there is a lack of study with
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factors like convenience, efficiency, and promos. Through this study, it aims
to know how these three factors influence the continuous usage of online
shopping platform of Generation X, specifically the Filipino Generation X.
Online Shopping
E-commerce can be defined as a platform for the purchase and sale
of data, goods, and services that is backed by computer systems (i.e., the
internet). This is how computer networks assist in setting up different
business procedures, changing distribution cycles, and creating new
relationships between customers and suppliers. Additionally, the number of
online buyers is increasing dramatically as a result of the internet, world
wide web, e-commerce, and associated technologies. (Raval et al., 2021).
According to the study by Centeno, et al. (2022), mobile e-commerce
has begun to take over the world of online purchasing in many Asian
nations. According to Yatprom (2020), the Philippines is one of the ecommerce marketplaces in Asia that is growing the fastest, and it is
predicted that broad desktop adoption would lag behind that of mobile
gadgets, resulting in it being one of the region's most important m-trade
nations. Additionally, according to Zhao (2015), internet purchasing
appears to be a very popular trend worldwide. Unlike before, people now
have the option to purchase what they require and desire without making a
big effort. Dealings and transactions can be successfully carried out online
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thanks to e-commerce, which eliminates the necessity for in-person
interactions.
Convenience
Convenience is one of the primary factors motivating people to use
online shopping. As stated in Webster's Dictionary, a convenience is
"something that enhances one's comfort or saves labour; a practical, useful,
or advantageous instrument, object, service, etc." (as cited in Jiang et al.,
2013). According to Jusoh, Z. M., & Ling, G. H. (2012), the process through
which a consumer purchases a service or commodity over the internet is
known as online shopping. Some of the benefits offered by online shopping
are that less time is spent on buyer decision-making, better judgments are
made, and there will ultimately be more possibilities for purchasing similar
things.
Furthermore,
because e-commerce
is
constantly
available,
shoppers may experience online purchasing 24 hours a day, which makes
it accessible anytime and anywhere. Thus, online purchasing is better for
the environment than traditional shopping because it lets buyers satisfy their
needs with just the click of a mouse without even leaving their houses and
it lets buyers avoid the crowd. In a similar study conducted by Gera et al.
(2021), it is stated that online shopping is a simple method for finding
products that are hard to get in the neighboring physical markets and having
them delivered to your doorstep. It is also indicated that the online review
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and feedback system in online shopping, which allows customers to
evaluate and comment on their purchasing experiences, helps new
consumers in their purchase decisions, unlike in actual stores which does
not provide this kind of system. In the country of Lithuania, research
developed by Baubonienė, Ž., & Gulevičiūtė, G. (2015) identified a
significant factor influencing a consumer's decision to purchase something
online, which is the availability of product information on websites that
cannot be found in actual stores. In addition, it is observed that Lithuanians
aged 25 to 34 frequently choose online stores due to reduced costs and a
greater selection of products, and Lithuanian respondents aged 18 to 34
statistically favor online stores due to a wider number of products.
Moreover, in Lim and Cham’s (2015) study, as cited by Meixian, L. (2015),
they discovered that consumers prioritize convenience over price when
making purchases in Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan.
Convenience, trust, and price promotion are elements that make
consumers shop online (Slahuddin and Ali, 2020, as cited by Bulacan et al.,
2022). The convenience provided by online shopping platforms has a
significant impact on consumer purchasing behavior. Customer satisfaction
stems from convenience in terms of how fast the delivery system is, the
ease of transaction, and other services (Jun & Palacios, 2020 as cited by
Bulacan et al., 2022). According to Bulacan et al., 2022, the researchers
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describe their findings on why consumers shop on Shopee, showing that
it's convenient for them. Bulacan et al. (2022) states that “consumers are
satisfied with Shopee's user-friendly website and application interface.” It
makes the shopping experience in Shopee convenient by allowing the users
to easily navigate the platform, find the products they need, check out and
order from Shopee. Online shopping applications make life easier; they
save time and effort, are simple and quick, allow an individual to access
multiple stores with a single click, and even allow a person to compare
different products with different prices.
According to Acerit et al., (2022), students who utilize online
shopping platforms do so because they find them more convenient than not
using them. The main appeal of online buying is, in the eyes of many, how
simple it is to complete transactions (Acerit et al., 2022). The findings
support the idea that people purchase online because it's convenient to
have goods and services delivered to them without having to leave their
homes. Abeabe et al., (2022) stated that because of the convenience that
e-commerce offers, it has made people's lives easier. It is also because they
no longer need to visit actual establishments, convenience is what draws
customers to make purchases online, as stated in Balderaz and Campos'
(2020) study. According to Thangavel (2015), as cited by Balderaz and
Campos (2020), this application of computers has created new ways and
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possibilities for an easier way of life. The study also revealed that online
marketing has significantly improved convenience and transformed how
individuals acquire and sell goods.
Bednarz and Ponder's (2010) study as cited by Balderaz and
Campos (2020), explained how traditional and online purchasing differ in
terms of convenience. A consumer will constantly exert time and effort
through the process of purchasing in order to locate a store, a product, and
make payment for the item acquired. Additionally, consumers need to visit
the store, search around for the item, and make a counter payment. These
are all examples of shopping activities in traditional shopping. Online
consumers must make an effort to find a web-based shop, evaluate
products, complete the purchase, and then anticipate for the item to be
delivered.
Overall, it seems that one of the key benefits of using online
purchasing platforms is convenience. Consumers use online shopping
platforms because they are convenient. There are many reasons why
convenience is a major element in using online shopping platforms. It is
because users only need to use minimal time and effort when browsing for
a product that they need or want. It can also be accessed at any time
because it is available on gadgets, which are carried all the time. Despite
all the reasons stated, there are also additional aspects that may affect the
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use of online buying platforms, such as efficiency and promos in ecommerce.
Efficiency
Online shopping can be seen as a domestic production process that
necessitates a sizeable input of human capital, mostly product knowledge
and website expertise (familiarity with the website's interface), in order to
complete a variety of purchase-related tasks. Customers favor online
retailers because they involve less physical effort and make it simpler to
compare prices and find information. So, the efficiency of consumer goods
shopping is the main research topic. Shopping for products involves
customers gathering and analyzing information to choose which item will
best satisfy their own needs. Product assessment efficiency and product
screening efficiency are the two factors that the researchers use to evaluate
the effectiveness of consumer goods shopping. Consumers first screen a
huge number of pertinent products during the product screening process,
without really analyzing any of them. They then designate a consideration
set, make comparisons, and then decide which product to buy. As a result,
the value obtained by online product screening is defined as the efficiency
experienced during that process. Additionally, the value gained by online
product evaluation is defined as the efficiency experienced during that
process. Li, et al. (2016).
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In a conducted study by Saha et al. (2020), the (UTAUT-2) Unified
Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, which was a continuation of
the first theory, was acquired as a guide to study how delivery efficiency
impacts a consumer’s mind to purchase again. The study’s findings strongly
support the theory, which reveals that the satisfaction of a consumer in
shopping online is greatly impacted by the efficiency of delivery and costsaving. In addition, Saha et al. claimed that online shopping satisfaction has
a crucial impact on future repurchase intentions. This study’s results heavily
support previous studies’ findings which used the UTAUT-2. Additionally,
Frick and Matthies (2020) claimed that online buying is a lot more efficient
for consumption. However, it significantly relies on consumer impulses,
indicating that simply having the option to buy something more effectively
and easily does not always lead to that action. Moreover, in this study’s
findings, it is shown that there is a positive association between the efficient
developments of online shopping and the increase of products bought
online. Similarly, a study by Anesbury et al. (2015), which focused on online
grocery shopping, had respondents who had no prior experience of
shopping grocery online participate in an online navigation test. The
respondents (1) completed their lists in less than 12 minutes, (2)
immediately absorbed the notion and went between classifications swiftly,
and (3) chose labels quite fast. Findings revealed that even for consumers
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who had no prior experience with shopping online, it was indeed quick and
efficient. From a consumer’s perspective, shopping online seems to project
time efficiency.
Lawrence, et al. (2013) stated in their study that regardless of its size
or industry, every business in today's world of intense competition is
constantly working to stay afloat. Particularly in the world of internet retail,
this is true. The retail industry in the online space is highly competitive.
Every online retailer is constantly looking for ways to increase their e-stores'
effectiveness and, by extension, their profitability. Cost-cutting measures
taken by online retailers could result in a deterioration in the effectiveness
of consumer ordering. By substituting the typically time-consuming process
of order input, payment, dispatching orders, and keeping track of orders and
online operations, the online store management aims to optimize the
customer fulfilment process in order to increase the effectiveness of the
online store. Furthermore, in Zha, Li, and Yan (2013) study they stated that
much the development and delivery of services, technology-based selfservice, and the expansion of online channels were the three main areas of
customer self-efficacy study. Customers with varying levels of self-efficacy
in gathering information would likely perceive varying levels of decision
quality due to the significance of doing so during the purchasing process.
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Due to the advancement of significant technology and applications
that allow shopping online, it is now a certainty in the modern era. In a study
conducted in the Ilocos Norte region in the Philippines, the Ilocanos’
reasons to pursue shopping online are the features that keep it fast,
uncomplicated, and efficient. Through a survey conducted, it was
determined that most Ilocanos found that shopping online is efficient, further
expanding that purchasing products online is fast. Several reasons push
buyers to purchase goods online. For instance, (1) customers can use
online shopping platforms effectively by comparing product prices across
websites, which saves them time and money; (2) consumers can avoid risks
that waste their resources when exerting effort to go to a physical store; and
(3) buyers can purchase an item whenever without using much more
resources to visit shops physically (Parilla & Abadilla, 2022). Similarly, a
study by Santos (2018) that concentrated more on young Filipino
consumers established that these consumers’ perceptions of online
shopping were as follows: (1) it is straightforward when making
comparisons of different products, (2) it delivers genuine data about each
product, allowing consumers to save resources, (3) it conserves time when
choosing and buying products, and (4) it provides ample chance to monitor
online transactions through reviewing authentic online sellers. Moreover,
social media and online shopping platforms are unquestionably a worldwide
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phenomenon. The business world has recognized the usefulness of the
internet in the communications sector and is now utilizing it to its fullest
potential in order to connect with its market. Given that the Philippines is
known as "The Social Networking Capital of the World," Filipino businesses
ultimately started using social media to sell their goods stated by Gopez
(2014).
Promos
Lee J., Chen-Yu, J. (2018) indicates that the affect-cognition model
is better suited to explain price discount effects than the cognition-affect
model in the context of online clothing purchasing because the affective
effect of price discounts is larger than the cognitive effect. On the other
hand, according to Amanah, Dita, and Dedy Ansari Harahap (2018), the
students' online purchasing decisions are significantly influenced by the
product selection, whereas prices are not. Discounts had a small impact on
their university students' decisions to make online purchases. According to
Salaudeen, K., Omotosho M. (2020) despite the students' enthusiasm for
online sales promotions, they remain skeptical of certain products because
they do not want to purchase counterfeit items. It boils down to the fact that
students want to keep shopping at online stores because they can get
discounts and offers on every product they buy. Even learners who distrust
online sales promotions will have a reason to purchase items if they know
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they will receive worthwhile gifts and discounts from online retailers if they
make sure to provide the best value for every product. According to Luo et
al. (2021), the two kinds of promotions can differ in how much they affect
customers' likelihood of experiencing regret and how much of an impact
they have on their propensity to make impulsive online purchases. The
restriction aims to increase consumers' impulsive willingness to make online
purchases by applying psychological pressure and creating a sense of
urgency. When there is too much promotion, the same thing will happen. In
the same vein, it is of the utmost importance for all online retailers to assess
whether the advantages of the promotion strategies they wish to implement
can meet the psychological expectations of customers and pique their
desire to make purchases. According to Prasetyo and Dela Fuente (2020),
the Philippines' large rise in online commerce is the reason why there has
been a huge improvement on the internet, mobile applications, and
numerous web technologies. Because an increasing number of Filipinos are
making purchases online, it is essential to understand the factors that
influence their decisions. This research is motivated by a desire to
understand what factors contribute to a positive or negative experience
while making a purchase online. Because of the epidemic, a significant
number of people in today's society have chosen to live a more modest
lifestyle by making use of discount coupons and credit cards. The majority
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of the respondents prefer to do their shopping online rather than in physical
stores. One of the participants stated that "it is much cheaper online than it
is on the market," and that "in addition, there are a great deal of vouchers
and discounts you can receive online." One of the primary major
considerations why the participants prefer purchasing online is because of
the prices. One of the respondents offers an explanation as to why it is
frequently more cost-effective to buy products online: (1) there are more
shops fighting for customers' money; (2) the range of options available has
significantly increased; and (3) real things on the market can't travel that far.
One area in which they diverge greatly is the quality assurance of their
products. The same body of data found that convenience, reduced prices,
and special discounts offered by online retailers are the top three reasons
why customers opt to make their purchases online.
Synthesis
Generation X mostly uses technology for work purposes and is the
generation that uses it for email frequently. This is because they find social
media platforms and technological improvements advantageous for their
jobs (Miller and Washington, 2013). They may use electronics for
entertainment, but for only 1-2 hours a day. But this doesn’t mean that
Generation Xers are not interested in online shopping. In fact, they are
below the Baby Boomers when it comes to being interested in digital media,
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and both generations agreed on the importance of it (Lardera, et al. 2018).
Since Generation X is trying to maintain a balance between their life, work,
and family, they would generally purchase goods from businesses that
specialize in providing good value because their needs are varied, and they
typically have financial constraints. They will engage in safe purchasing
practices and pick an advantageous and sensible purchasing approach.
Some of the variables that influence Generation X to use online shopping
platforms are performance expectations, hedonic motivation, price value,
habit, behavior intention, delivery, customer satisfaction, and trust
(Balakrishnan & Chakraborty, 2017).
Convenience is one of the factors that makes consumers use online
shopping platforms. It is convenient in a way that they can bring it anywhere
they want and use it anytime they want (Jusoh, Z. M., & Ling, G. H., 2012).
The users of these applications prefer online shopping platforms since they
do not need to leave the comfort of their own home. They just have to
browse the internet, and the product that they want or need will immediately
show up (as cited in Jiang et al., 2013). The existence of online shopping
platforms has made consumers' lives easier because everything is laid out
in front of them. For instance, a wide range of products can be shown where
they can compare prices and products that are hard to find in onsite stores
but are easy to find online (Bulacan et al., 2022). Additionally, what makes
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customers trust online shopping platforms are also the feedback or reviews
that are given by the fellow users. Through this, the comments given by past
buyers who evaluated a certain product will help new buyers in making
purchase decisions (Gera et al., 2021).
Online shopping is a given nowadays, thanks to advanced
computers and tools. E-commerce is a domestic manufacturing method that
necessitates a sizeable input of individuals to fulfill a range of purchaserelated tasks, mostly marketing skills and computer expertise, to complete
a variety of purchase-related tasks. Customers favor online retailers
because they involve less physical effort and make it simpler to compare
prices and find information (Li, et al. 2016). Moreover, online purchases are
popular for a variety of reasons. For instance, customers can use online
shopping platforms efficiently by comparing product prices across websites,
which saves them time and money; consumers can avoid risks that waste
their resources when making the effort to go to a physical store, and buyers
can purchase an item whenever without using a lot more resources to visit
shops physically (Parilla & Abadilla, 2022). Additionally, young Filipino
shoppers were found to have the following perceptions of online shopping
such as, it is simple to compare various products, it provides accurate
information about each product allowing customers to choose wisely, it
expedites the selection and purchase of goods, and lastly, it gives
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consumers a lot of opportunity to watch online transactions by examining
reliable online sellers (Gopez, 2014).
Convenience, lower pricing, and exclusive deals provided by online
businesses are said to be the top three reasons why people choose to shop
online. This is because some people today have decided to live a life full of
simplicity by using credit cards and discount coupons. Pricing is one of the
primary factors that influence consumer preference for purchasing goods
online. Some say that it is much cheaper to buy online than in physical
stores, and that there are numerous vouchers and discounts that you can
get for every product you buy online. It is also said that purchasing goods
online is typically more cost-effective because (1) there are various stores
online that are competing for the buyers’ money; (2) there is now a
substantially wider variety of alternatives; and (3) products available in
traditional markets cannot travel that far (Prasetyo and Dela Fuente, 2020).
A platform for the buying and sale of goods and services over digital
platforms, such as the World Wide Web, is referred to as an online store. It
appears to be a worldwide phenomenon. In actuality, the Philippines has
one of Asia's fastest-growing e-commerce businesses (Centeno, et al.,
2022).
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research procedures used in the study.
The research procedure is presented as follows: research design,
population and sampling, respondents of the study, research instrument,
data gathering procedures, statistical treatment of data, and ethical
consideration.
Research Design
This study applied a quantitative design; a method that includes a
structured analysis of a certain occurrence, in which gathered data comes
in numerical or statistical form (Watson, 2015). In this approach, a specific
sample of a population is examined to derive significant statistical
conclusions about the said population. Regardless of the size of a certain
population, it is significant that the sample being studied that fits the criteria
is included. It is unfeasible to conduct a study including the whole population
due to resource limitations, therefore only a sample is drawn from the
population. If the sample has been selected fittingly, the results from the
sample will be statistically similar to that of the population (Lowhorn, 2013).
Furthermore, as this study did not involve variable manipulation and
rather sought to observe the factor levels impacting Filipino Generation X's
continued use of online shopping platforms, a descriptive correlational
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research design was employed. A descriptive correlational design is a
research design that looks for connections between factors in cases where
independent variables are not controlled by the researchers (Lappe, 2000
& Salkind, 2010 as cited in Essel et al., 2022).
Applying a descriptive correlational methodology, this study sought
to collect substantial data about the variables impacting Filipino Generation
X' continued use of Online Shopping Platforms.
Population and Sampling
With the population being Generation X–individuals ages 42-57, a
sample size of 100 - 200 respondents were obtained for this study. The
sampling approach used was purposive sampling for the collection and
selection of respondents. As this study relates the acquired data with the
age of the chosen sample, this sampling approach was considered the most
appropriate.
Purposive Sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that
does not necessitate a predetermined number of respondents and a
collection of fundamental theories. It is a sampling technique in that the
respondents are chosen specifically by the researchers based on each
respondent's characteristics. Overall, the researchers decide what needs to
be answered and find people with experience or knowledge that are willing
to participate to obtain the information (Etikan et al., 2016).
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As a population frame is unattainable, this technique was utilized to
guarantee accurate and impartial data. Respondents who regularly use
online shopping platforms and fall within the age range of 42–57 were
considered as an inclusion criterion. Samples were drawn and categorized
based on the age of the chosen participants. Therefore, the continuous use
of online shopping platforms by the sample obtained was considered
significant.
Respondents of the Study
The proponents selected Filipino Generation X who used online
shopping platforms. Preferably, in the age range of 42-57. The respondents
were residents of Cavite, who answered an online survey questionnaire. All
respondents were individuals that are Filipino Generation X and came from
the following cities: Bacoor, Dasmariñas, General Trias, and Imus which are
all located in Cavite.
Research Instrument
This study utilized a survey to acquire and gather the needed data to
study the factor level and the behavioral intention influencing the continuous
usage of online shopping platforms of Filipino Generation X. A survey is a
set of queries asked to respondents to obtain numerical accurate data. One
of the main methods for gathering quantitative data is through surveys.
Surveys enable the structured collection of statistical data such that it is
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consistent and clear for analysis (Roopa & Rani, 2012). The survey was
disseminated in four parts: Efficiency, Convenience, Promos, and
Behavioral Intentions. For the convenience of the respondents, the survey
was distributed online. A QR or Link was provided by the researchers for
accessing the survey. The questionnaire consists of 60 items, 15 questions
for each category through a 5-point Likert scale, a psychometric tool that
allows participants to express their feelings, views, and judgments by
selecting from a range of levels or categories (Nemoto & Beglar, 2014).
Data Gathering Procedures
The researchers collected data regarding the continuous usage of
online shopping platforms by Generation X through a survey questionnaire.
The following procedures explain how the instrument was created
and how the data was gathered:
1. The researchers laid out a survey questionnaire consisting of a few
items divided into four (4) categories: convenience, efficiency,
promos, and behavioral intention in online shopping platforms.
2. The survey was brought by the research adviser and statistician for
checking.
3. After validation, the instrument was evaluated through pilot testing.
Since the evaluation produced a positive result, the instrument was
ready for distribution to the participants.
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4. The researchers created a consent form to guarantee the selected
participants acknowledge their willingness to answer the survey
questions.
5. Researchers initially asked about the respondent's availability,
consent, and confidentiality before inviting them to take part in the
study.
6. The consent form contained a summary of the objectives and
purposes of the study. The document was provided to confirm that
written consent was obtained and ensured the data collection
process protects the participant’s privacy.
7. The survey questionnaire was given to the chosen participants by
the researchers.
8. The gathering of survey forms was implemented after the
participants completed answering them.
9. The data analysis was conducted with the results from the survey
sheets through a statistic.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After collecting the survey responses from the selected sample to
interpret and analyze the data, the researchers employed the following
statistical procedure:
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Mean. The data collected was analyzed considering measures of
central tendency—mean and mode—and measures of association
including correlation. Measures of association was used since this study
aimed to determine what variables contributed to Filipino Generation X's
continuous use of online shopping platforms.
Standard Deviation. Use of sample standard deviation was required
to characterize a sample in a population and include calculations. By
calculating the sample standard deviation of data related to Generation X,
researchers can determine the extent of the variation among the different
variables.
Spearman’s Rho. In addition to sample standard deviation,
Spearman’s correlation is a useful statistical tool for analyzing data related
to the study. Specifically, it can be applied to understand the relationship
between a non-linear variable in the continuous usage of Gen X in online
shopping platforms. This enabled researchers to identify which factors had
the strongest or weakest correlation depending on the data given and to
what extent.
Ethical Consideration
It was crucial that research ethics were upheld throughout the
conduct of this study. Research ethics are important to safeguard
participants, serve the research's objective, and manage the risks
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associated with protecting those who are involved (Walton, 2015). While
there may be ethical concerns, it is crucial that they are all addressed to
guarantee the validity and benefit of the research. Potentially ethical
problems with the study included the following:
Informed Consent. An
acknowledged consent
form gives
participants background information about the study, and this knowledge
allows them to choose whether to participate. An informed consent form
was created to make sure that the selected participants have explicitly
stated that they are willing and interested in responding to the survey
questions.
Privacy and Confidentiality. This conceals details about the
participants, including names and other details that could be used to
precisely identify them. By completing the survey anonymously, the data
collection process ensures that the participant's privacy is protected. By
doing this, the participants' security and protection are assured. The
participants were given the assurance that anything they say would be
documented but that their identities would not change.
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Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses the results of each statement of the research
study problem and significant findings of the research. This chapter contains
an analysis and interpretation of the data gathered.
The researchers analyzed the answers of 110 respondents, and the
provided survey questionnaire was composed of a few questions that were
equally divided into four (4) factors: convenience, efficiency, promos, and
behavioral intention on online shopping platforms. Data from statement of
the problem one and two had been interpreted based on table one, while
data from statement of the problem three had been interpreted based on
table two and three.
Table 1: Likert Scale Intervals
Intervals
Category
1 – 1.8
Strongly Disagree
1.81 – 2.6
Disagree
2.61 – 3.4
Neutral
3.41 – 4.2
Agree
4.21 - 5
Strongly Agree
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Table 2: Interpretation of the Size of a Correlation Coefficient
Size of Correlation
Interpretation
0.90 – 1.00
Very High Positive
Correlation
0.70 – 0.90
High Positive Correlation
0.50 – 0.70
Moderate Positive
Correlation
0.30 – 0.50
Low Positive Correlation
0.00 – 0.30
Negligible Correlation
Table 3: Interpretation of Significance Level
Significance Level
Specification
p > 0.05
Not Significant
p < 0.05
Significant
p < 0.01
Very Significant
p < 0.001
Highly Significant
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Statement of the Problem #1
What is Filipino Generation X’s perceived level of factors affecting
their usage of online shopping platforms based on:
Convenience
Table 4: Descriptive Statistics for Convenience
Statement
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Remark
1. I could order products
wherever I am.
4.345
0.710
strongly agree
2. My purchase was completed
easily.
4.309
0.632
strongly agree
3. The website is easy to
understand and navigate
4.173
0.765
agree
4. I am able to find desired
products quickly
4.273
0.703
strongly agree
5. The website provides
sufficient information to identify
different products within the
same category.
4.036
0.765
agree
6. Online payment is simple and
easy to access.
4.191
0.796
agree
4.382
0.590
strongly agree
8. The website was easy to find. 4.282
0.665
strongly agree
0.747
agree
7. Payment methods are
flexible.
9. I always find the products I
want.
4.045
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10. The website takes care of
product exchanges and returns
promptly.
3.527
0.945
agree
11. The website is always
accessible.
4.136
0.723
agree
12. I experience no difficulty
when completing my purchases. 3.982
0.790
agree
3.245
1.068
neutral
14. 1The check-out process was
fast.
4.309
0.726
strongly agree
13. Easy to return unwanted
items.
15. I find it easy to select the
products I want.
4.300
0.685
strongly agree
Overall Convenience
4.103
0.516
agree
As the table shows in Table 4, 110 random respondents were given
a 15-item questionnaire regarding the convenience of the study of Filipino
Generation X's continuous use of platforms for online shopping. According
to the findings, the vast majority of responders agreed that using online
shopping platforms was convenient, specifically how easy it was to
understand and navigate thru the platforms. However, in item 13, one
respondent was unbiased whenever it relates to returning unused things.
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Efficiency
Table 5: Descriptive Statistics for Efficiency
Std.
Remark
Deviation
Statement
Mean
1. I am able to complete my
purchases without difficulty.
4.255
0.670
strongly
agree
2. It takes little effort to return
unwanted purchases.
3.564
1.009
agree
3. Order cancellation and returns
are confirmed within the specific 3.427
time period.
0.981
agree
4. When a website/application
promises to do something in a
certain period of time, it does.
3.891
2.931
agree
5. The addresses of the
website/application are included
in all existing documentation,
advertising, and advertising
channels.
3.764
0.789
agree
6. Information can be found on
minimum clicks.
3.973
0.748
agree
7. The website/application has a
3.982
very good reputation.
0.663
agree
4.191
0.613
agree
9. All relevant details of the order
3.818
confirmation are sent by email.
0.921
agree
8. Order tracking details are
available until delivery time.
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10. I feel that it takes less time in
evaluating and selecting a product 3.827
while shopping online.
0.811
agree
3.709
0.871
agree
12. Automated or human email
responses provide prompt service 3.545
to customers.
0.945
agree
13. Navigation is both consistent
3.809
and standardized.
0.760
agree
14. 1There are well-programmed
4.000
search options.
0.650
agree
11. Direct instructions are
available.
15. Responses to e-mails are
relevant and accurate and
appropriate to customer
requirements.
3.700
0.841
agree
Overall Efficiency
3.830
0.571
agree
The Table 2 shows that in terms of efficiency, one participant strongly
agreed especially when their online purchase was completed without
difficulty. While the rest of the participants agreed particularly when it comes
to acquiring the products they needed without having to leave the comfort
of their homes. It is no wonder that more and more people in Generation
X’s are turning to these platforms for their needs and wants. Overall, the
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data gathered reveals that it is indeed efficient to use online shopping
platforms.
Promos
Table 6: Descriptive Statistics for Promos
Statement
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Remark
1. If the discount on this product is
larger in the future, I will regret not
buying it immediately.
4.200
0.727
agree
2. In the future, I will find that the
product will be restored to its
original price. If I do not buy it now,
I will regret it.
4.055
0.727
agree
3. Seeing this promotional item, I
will impulsively want to buy it even
though it is not in my shopping plan.
4.064
0.681
agree
4. Redeeming discounts makes me
feel good.
4.164
0.698
agree
5. I enjoy looking for discounts on
the Internet.
4.255
0.683
strongly
agree
6. When I use a discount, I feel that
I am getting a good deal.
4.155
0.706
agree
7. I have favorite brands, but most
of the time I buy the brand I have a
discount for
3.836
0.883
agree
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8. I am more likely to buy brands for
which I have a discount.
4.209
0.607
agree
9. I perceived that there were
personalized price promotions for
me based on my past purchase
history
4.045
0.828
agree
10. I perceived that the
personalized price promotions fit
my tastes very well
3.927
0.864
agree
11. I enjoy buying at discount
regardless of the amount I save by
doing so.
3.882
0.798
agree
12. Free vouchers influenced me to
participate in big online shopping
event sales.
4.027
0.735
agree
13. Online game features of online
shopping platforms that give
vouchers and/or coins as prizes
were engaging during the event
sales.
3.818
0.848
agree
14. Seasonal promotional codes
influenced me to participate during
the event sales.
3.564
1.045
agree
15. ₱1 raffle on an online shopping
platform is encouraging to buy.
3.218
0.980
neutral
Overall Promos
3.845
0.604
agree
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Table 6 showcases an average of the statistics gathered from 110
Generation X respondents regarding their perception of the influence of
promos on their continuous use of online shopping platforms. The table
shows that statement 15, which is “₱1 raffle,” is a feature of promos that
was neither influential nor uninfluential, and the rest were influential
features, especially statement 5, which was enjoyed by the respondents
looking for discounts, making promos fall under the agree level, resulting in
promos being one of the variables that affected continuous usage of ecommerce platforms of Generation X.
Statement of the Problem #2
What is their level of intention to continue using the online shopping
platforms?
Table 7: Descriptive Statistics for Intention
Std.
Remark
Deviation
Statement
Mean
1. I will continue to shop online on this
platform.
4.200
0.727
agree
2. I encourage others to shop online on
this platform.
4.055
0.727
agree
3. I will use this platform website more
often for online purchases.
4.064
0.681
agree
4. I am satisfied with my previous online
4.164
shopping experience.
0.698
agree
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5. I intend to purchase online again if I
need any product.
4.255
0.683
strongly
agree
6. I will recommend this platform to my
family and friends
4.155
0.706
agree
7. I would not use another platform as
long as it continues to sell the product I
need
3.836
0.883
agree
8. I will continue to use this platform
because it is easy to use
4.209
0.607
agree
9. I will continue to use this platform
because of its promos
4.045
0.828
agree
10. I will continue to use this platform
because of the good customer service
3.927
0.864
agree
11. I intend to use this platform because
3.882
of its reduced risks
0.798
agree
12. I will say positive things about this
online shopping platform
4.027
0.735
agree
13. I will continue to use this platform
because of the word-of-mouth
endorsement of others.
3.818
0.848
agree
14. I will complain to other customers
if I experience a problem with the
platform
3.564
1.045
agree
15. I will probably use this online
shopping platform less frequently.
3.218
0.980
neutral
Overall Intention
3.961
0.557
agree
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Table 7 reveals an average perception among 110 members of
Generation X when it comes to behavioral intention for their continuous use
of online shopping platforms. According to the table, the average perception
of the respondents was that the respondents would continue using online
shopping platforms and recommend these platforms to others as well.
Statement of the Problem #3
Is there a significant relationship between their perceived level on
the given factors and their level of intention to continue using the said
platform?
Table 8: Correlation Table for Intention
Level
of
Domain
Spearman ρ
p-value
Remark
Convenience
.563**
<0.001
Moderate Positive
Efficiency
.619**
<0.001
Moderate Positive
Promos
.553**
<0.001
Moderate Positive
* A p-value of less than 0.05 indicates that the finding is significant.
The researchers employed Spearman's rho correlation to examine
the association between the variables and the levels of continuous usage
of Generation X in online purchasing platforms. The table demonstrates that
the p-values for all three components were less than 0.001. If the p-value is
less than 0.05, the outcome is deemed significant. The intention of
Generation X to continue using online shopping platforms was significantly
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influenced by all three factors. Looking at the Spearman's rho for additional
analysis, the researchers interpreted the correlation coefficients of the
factors. For purposes of interpreting the correlation coefficients, values
between 0.9 and 1.0 denote extremely high positive correlation, values
between 0.7 and 0.9 denote high positive correlation, values between 0.5
and 0.7 denote moderate positive correlation, values between 0.3 and 0.5
denote low positive correlation, and values between 0.0 and 0.3 denote
negligible correlation. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected.
Discussion of Results
According to Chelvarayan et al. (2021), the significance of the
following four elements was established: delivery, customer satisfaction,
product and service quality, and trust. There was evidence that each of the
other factors significantly affected the likelihood that people would make
purchases online, with the exception of the third factor, product and service
quality. This is supported by Adwan et al. (2021), who found that trust
perception and expected purchases have a significant relationship. Online
retailers are more trusted by customers, which encourages Generation X to
have higher standards for internet purchases. These points are further
supported by the conducted study, as the researchers found that
convenience, efficiency, and promotions were factors that largely impacted
Filipino Generation X’s intention to keep using online shopping platforms.
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Convenience is among the key elements that can affect a person's
decision to use online shopping platforms. According to Acerit et al.
(2022), students who use online shopping platforms find it more
convenient to keep utilizing them than not doing so. The ease of the
transactions is the main attraction in the eyes of many (Acerit et al., 2022).
The findings of Acerit et al. (2022) support the notion that people use
online shopping because they find that having their products delivered to
them without having to leave their homes is convenient. According to
Abeabe et al. (2022), the ease that e-commerce provides has made
people's lives easier. Additionally, since they are no longer required to
travel to actual stores, convenience is what draws customers to make
purchases online (Balderaz and Campos, 2020). The study further
supported these points, as most of the participants agreed that having
their products delivered to their homes, the simplicity of use of online
marketplaces, and having a lot more variety of products to choose from
were more convenient than having to go to a physical retail store to buy
their products themselves. Balderaz and Ponder’s (2010) research as
cited by Balderaz and Campos (2020), outlined the practical distinctions
between traditional and online shopping. Throughout the shopping
process, the consumer always spends their time and effort attempting to
find their desired store with the product they are looking for, as well as
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paying for the said product. Additionally, the customers must also visit
and search the store for the product they are looking for, as well as pay
for it at the counter. These are all examples of activities related to
conventional shopping. While online shoppers locate an online shop,
seek the product details, traverse the website, complete the transaction,
and then wait for the product to arrive. Most research participants agreed
that online shopping platforms were a convenient alternative to the
traditional way of buying goods. The participants discovered that the
simplicity of online shopping's use and convenience were enough
reasons to keep shopping online as opposed to traditional shopping.
According to a study by Saha et al. (2020), the UTAUT-2 Unified
Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, an expansion of the first
theory, was acquired as a framework for researching how the efficiency
of delivery affects a customer's decision to make another purchase. The
study's findings offer strong evidence for this theory, which claims that the
efficiency of delivery and cost savings influence a buyer's interest in
shopping online. The study conducted further supports this, as the
respondents agreed that the efficiency of using online retail stores
contributed to their interest to keep using the platform. Additionally, Saha
et al. (2020) argued that future repurchase intentions are significantly
impacted by online shopping satisfaction. The findings of earlier studies
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that used the UTAUT-2 are well supported by the findings of this research.
Furthermore, it was stated by Frick and Matthies (2020) the efficiency of
consumption when purchasing online is substantially higher. The fact that
it heavily depends on consumer impulsiveness shows that simply having
the opportunity to acquire something more efficiently and conveniently
does not always result in that action. Additionally, it is demonstrated in
the study's findings that efficient developments in online shopping were
positively related to the rise in the number of products purchased online.
The findings of the researchers acknowledge this, as the efficiency of the
online shopping platform had an impact on the intention of the
respondents to keep using the retail store. Most of the study participants
had experience with online shopping efficiency, as they agreed that it was
an efficient alternative to traditional stores, and the growing popularity and
the improvements that online retail stores had been receiving would only
enhance the user experience and gain more support from the public as
the trend breaks through the mainstream.
The finding on table 8 demonstrates that all three factors had a
considerable impact on people's desire to utilize online marketplaces in the
future. The three factors—convenience, efficiency, and promotions—had a
moderately positive tendency to increase the level of intention for
continuous use of online shopping platforms.
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According to Salaudeen, K., Omotosho M. (2020), the students are
enthusiastic about online sales promotions, but they are wary of some
things since they don't want to buy fake goods. It comes down to the fact
that students choose to continue shopping at online retailers since they may
take advantage of deals and discounts on every item they purchase. Online
retailers should ensure that they provide the best deal for each item, so
students who are skeptical of the quality of items with online promotions
have a reason to keep purchasing products from the stores because they
know they will receive decent value from the discounted products. The
research supported this claim, as the respondents agreed that despite
having their preferences and being skeptical of the product's quality, they
cannot resist the urge and temptation of buying a product at a discounted
price, as they were willing to take the risk of possibly owning counterfeit
goods for the sake of not missing a chance to grab a product at its
discounted price. According to Luo et al. (2021), the two kinds of promotions
can differ in how much they affect customers' likelihood of experiencing
regret and how much of an impact they have on their likelihood of making
impulsive online purchases. By creating a sense of urgency and applying
psychological pressure, the restriction provokes the impulsive tendencies
of a consumer to make purchases online. The same thing will occur when
there is an excessive amount of promotion. In the same vein, it is crucial for
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all online retailers to determine if the advantages of the marketing strategies
they plan on using can meet their customers' demands and spark their
interest in making purchases. The researchers found that the respondents
could and would impulsively buy products that piqued their interest as long
as they had tempting promotions with them, but if the promotion did not
meet their expectations or their interest, they were likely to ignore it despite
having a tempting promotion with it.
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Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter includes the summary of the findings, conclusions, and
recommendations of the study.
Summary
This study aimed to evaluate the level of factors that affect the
perception of Filipino Generation X on online shopping platforms. The
mentioned factors included in the study are (1) convenience, (2) efficiency,
and (3) promos. The research also aimed to analyze respondents' level of
intention to utilize online shopping sites continuously. In addition, the study’s
goal was not limited to investigating the level of perception and intention,
respectively; it also aimed to assess and identify whether there was a
substantial association between the perception and intention to use online
shopping platforms continuously.
A four-part, 60-item online survey was used for the data collection,
which was verified, and pilot tested. The three aforementioned factors were
the main emphasis of the survey, and behavioral intention (4) was the focus
of one section. The survey was distributed to 110 respondents aged 42-57,
residing in the following cities in Cavite: Bacoor, Dasmariñas, General Trias,
and Imus. Purposive sampling method was employed for the selection of
the participants of this study. The following statistical techniques were used
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in the study to examine the data gathered: descriptive statistics, which
include the mean and standard deviation. Additionally, Spearman's Rho
was used to further analyze the relationship between perception and
intention using inferential statistics.
The findings of this study showed that convenience, efficiency, and
promos were indeed influential factors when it comes to the continuous
usage of online shopping platforms. The levels of each factor that were
compiled from 110 people determined which of the three factors was the
most influential in using online shopping platforms. Convenience garnered
an overall average of 4.103, efficiency a total average of 3.830, and promos
which gathered a 3.845 average.
Based on the survey's findings, it showed that Generation X plans to
continue using online shopping platforms and recommends the said
platforms to other people as well. The relationship between the perceived
level of the factors and the level of intention to continue using the said
platform was determined by the researchers using Spearman's rho
correlation, wherein if the p-value is less than 0.05, it is considered
significant. When it comes to their continuous use of online shopping
platforms, the three factors were significant, as evidenced by the results of
the three factors having a p-value of less than 0.001.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, it appears that the Filipino Generation X had a high
perceived level of factors affecting their usage of online shopping platforms
based on convenience, efficiency, and promos. They seemed to find the
said platform convenient, as they could order products wherever they were.
The website was also assumed to be accessible and comprehensible.
Moreover, the website also tended to provide sufficient information to help
recognize the distinction of products inside the identical classification.
Hence, they were capable to speedily discover the products they wanted to
buy. In addition, the payment methods were perhaps flexible, making the
online payments simple and easy to access. And lastly, the website
appeared to take care of product exchanges and returns promptly.
When it comes to efficiency, it was believed that it minimized the use
of resources as the Filipino Generation X was able to complete their
purchases without any difficulty due to the availability of its direct
instructions. The navigation also appeared to be both consistent and
standardized, and well-programmed search options seemed to be
available. Additionally, it also conceivably lived up to the expectation of
fulfilling its commitment within a certain period of time. An example of this
was confirming order cancellations and returns within a specific period of
time, which suggested that returning unwanted purchases took only a tiny
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effort. It also indicated that information could be found with a minimum of
clicks because the addresses of the website were incorporated in every
authentication. On top of that, the validation of a purchase, which included
pertinent data, were often transmitted through email. And most importantly,
it was widely agreed that they could quickly assess and pick a certain
product while shopping virtually.
With regards to its promos, it seemed to entice the Filipino
Generation X, as seeing a promotional item led them to make an impulsively
purchase. One possible explanation is that the free vouchers from seasonal
promotional codes and online game features of online shopping platforms
had influenced them to engage in the big events held by virtual shopping
platforms that could help them earn discounts. It assumed that they enjoy
looking for discounts on the internet, as redeeming discounts made an
impression that it was a great deed regardless of the amount that they save
by doing so. It also showed that if a certain product was restored to its
original price in the future, they would regret not buying it immediately.
Moreover, even though they had their own respective favorite brands, they
were most likely to buy from brands that had discounts.
In terms of behavioral intention, it indicated that Filipino Generation
X also had a high level of intention to continue using online shopping
platforms. It assumed that they would be using the same platform more
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often for online purchases and would not be using a different one as long
as it continues to sell the product that they need. In addition, it could be
seen that they would encourage others to shop online and recommend this
platform to their family and friends. Furthermore, it also appeared that a
crucial correlation could be seen within their perception in terms of the level
on the given factors and their level of intention to continue using the said
platform, as the findings that were discussed above showed that they
continue to use the online shopping platforms because they were easy to
use, had reduced risks, and offered promos.
Recommendations
In accordance with the study's results and conclusions, the following
recommendations were made:
1. The research's context only included a tiny percentage of consumers
from certain locations. Therefore, there is a greater opportunity for
future research, which should be undertaken over a larger
geographic area in various regions or countries to achieve outcomes
that are more reliable.
2. Future researchers who are interested in this area of study may
include further relevant external influence factors for future research,
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such as economic standing, cultural diversity, business image, and
religious faith.
3. The target population could be based on different generations,
educational backgrounds, and average income levels as a result of
additional research into consumer behaviors. Since various criteria,
factors, and environments might result in various points of view and
research findings.
4. Customers should exercise caution and common sense while
purchasing whatever they're looking for online to avoid any issues.
Always be sure to examine the product's quality. Customers should
also make sure they are on a "secured" website to safeguard the
security of any personal information they input. Additionally,
customers should refrain from making purchases from websites that
ask them to provide their personal information prior to making a
purchase.
5. Future scholars ought to investigate this study. As for individuals who
aspire to carry out the same survey regarding the factor level of
customers with online purchasing sites, this may serve as their
reference material or guidance. For those who are interested, they
can submit more pertinent data that can improve and deepen the
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research on the factors affecting the continuous use of online
shopping platforms.
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Emeral
Insight.
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from:
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Kol O., Lissitsa S., (2016). Generation X vs. Generation Y – A decade of
online
shopping.
Science
Direct.
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300874
Lardera, M., Macabadbad, R., Sarmiento, S. Talosig, G. (2018). E-Gadgets
of Generation X and Millenials: Their Social Life. International
Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,
7(2). https://garph.co.uk/ijarmss/feb2018/7.pdf
Li, J., Yan, Y., Zha, X. (2013). Information self-efficacy and information
channels.
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Insight.
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from:
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Li, S., Saha, S. K., & Zhuang, G. (2020). Will Consumers Pay More for
Efficient Delivery? An Empirical Study of What Affects E-Customers’
Satisfaction and Willingness to Pay on Online Shopping in
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Li, Z., Liu, J., Zhang, F. (2016). Different effects of Provider
Recommendations and Consumer Review on Consumers’ Efficiency
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for
Different
Product
Types.
IEEE
Xplore.
Retrieved
from:https://ieeexplore..org/abstract/document/7538521
Lowhorn, G. L. (2013). Qualitative and Quantitative Research: How to
Choose
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Maala, M., Novernario, J., Muya, G. (2018). COMMUNICATION TOOLS OF
E-COMMERCE:THE CASE OF LAZADA. LPU-Laguna Journal of
Arts and Science. Retrieved from: https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2018/12/2-COMMUNICATION-TOOLS.pdf
Maglinong, D. (2018). Why online shopping is booming in the Philippines.
Philstar.
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spotlights/2018/11/07/137579/why-online-shopping-is-booming-inthe-philippines/
Marcelo, P. C. (2018). The internet even slower down South. Retrieved
from
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Meixian, L. (2015). Convenience and Online Consumer Shopping Behavior:
A Business Anthropological Case Study Based on the Contingent
Valuation
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Anthropologist,
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21(1-2),
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Omotosho M., Salaudeen, K. (2020) Online Shopping Sales Promo and its
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Nigeria.
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and consumer services, 20(2), 189-199.
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Raval, H. (2021). Assessment of Service Quality of Selected Online
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LITY_OF_SELECTED_ONLINE_SHOPPING_PLATFORMS/links/6
0a8e56945851522bc0af0a6/ASSESSMENT-OF-SERVICEQUALITY-OF-SELECTED-ONLINE-SHOPPING-PLATFORMS.pdf
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Advanced Statistical Tests (pp. 3–7). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-946351-086-8_1
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Perception Among Undergraduate Students in Osogbo, South
Western
Nigeria.
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Triami, N. P. S., & Yoga, I. M. S. (2021). The Online Shopping Behavior of
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APPENDIX A
RESEARCH FORMS
Application for Title Defense
85
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86
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87
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Research Request Form (Research Adviser, Statistician, And
Proofreader)
89
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Research Progress Form
90
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Research Adviser Acceptance Form
91
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Research Statistician Acceptance Form
92
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Research Proofreader Acceptance Form
93
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Oral Defense Endorsement Form
94
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Final Defense Endorsement Form
95
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Summary of Suggestions: Oral Defense
96
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97
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Summary of Suggestions: Final Defense
98
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99
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Research Adviser’s Consultation Form
100
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Online Data Gathering Informed Consent Form
101
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Research Clearance Form
102
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APPENDIX B
SURVEY FORMS
Filipino Generation X’s Continuous Use of Online Shopping Platforms: A
Study of the Factor Levels
The objective of this research is to determine the levels of different
factors when it comes to influencing Generation X in their continuous usage
of online shopping platforms specifically in terms of: Convenience,
Efficiency, and Promos. This research also aims to determine the level of
intention of each factor, the significant relationship between their perceived
level on the given factors, and their level of intention to continue using the
said platform.
(1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree.
Convenience
This refers to how influential online shopping platforms are in terms of:
Convenience
(1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree
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Statement
1
2
3
4
5
1. I could order products wherever
I am.
1
2
3
4
5
2. My purchase was completed
easily.
1
2
3
4
5
3. The website is easy to
understand and navigate
1
2
3
4
5
4. I am able to find desired
products quickly
1
2
3
4
5
5. The website provides sufficient
information to identify different
products within the same category.
1
2
3
4
5
6. Online payment is simple and
easy to access.
1
2
3
4
5
7. Payment methods are flexible.
1
2
3
4
5
8. The website was easy to find.
1
2
3
4
5
9. I always find the products I want.
1
2
3
4
5
10. The website takes care of
product exchanges and returns
promptly.
1
2
3
4
5
11. The website is always
accessible.
1
2
3
4
5
12. I experience no difficulty when
completing my purchases.
1
2
3
4
5
13. Easy to return unwanted items.
1
2
3
4
5
14. 1The check-out process was
fast.
1
2
3
4
5
15. I find it easy to select the
products I want.
1
2
3
4
5
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Efficiency
This refers to how influential online shopping platforms are in terms of:
Efficiency
(1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree
Statement
1
2
3
4
5
1. I am able to complete my purchases
without difficulty.
1
2
3
4
5
2. It takes little effort to return unwanted
purchases.
1
2
3
4
5
3. Order cancellation and returns are
confirmed within the specific time
period.
1
2
3
4
5
4. When a website/application promises
to do something in a certain period of
time, it does.
1
2
3
4
5
5. The addresses of the
website/application are included in all
existing documentation, advertising,
and advertising channels.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
11. Direct instructions are available.
1
2
3
4
5
12. Automated or human email
responses provide prompt service to
customers.
1
2
3
4
5
13. Navigation is both consistent and
standardized.
1
2
3
4
5
6. Information can be found on
minimum clicks.
7. The website/application has a very
good reputation.
8. Order tracking details are available
until delivery time.
9. All relevant details of the order
confirmation are sent by email.
10. I feel that it takes less time in
evaluating and selecting a product
while shopping online.
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14. 1There are well-programmed
search options.
1
2
3
4
5
15. Responses to e-mails are relevant
and accurate and appropriate to
customer requirements.
1
2
3
4
5
Promo
This refers to how influential online shopping platforms are in terms of:
Promo
(1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree
Statement
1. If the discount on this product is
larger in the future, I will regret not
buying it immediately.
2. In the future, I will find that the
product will be restored to its original
price. If I do not buy it now, I will regret
it.
3. Seeing this promotional item, I will
impulsively want to buy it even though it
is not in my shopping plan.
4. Redeeming discounts makes me feel
good.
5. I enjoy looking for discounts on the
Internet.
6. When I use a discount, I feel that I
am getting a good deal.
7. I have favorite brands, but most of
the time I buy the brand I have a
discount for
8. I am more likely to buy brands for
which I have a discount.
9. I perceived that there were
personalized price promotions for me
based on my past purchase history
10. I perceived that the personalized
price promotions fit my tastes very well
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
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11. I enjoy buying at discount
regardless of the amount I save by
doing so.
12. Free vouchers (discount vouchers,
free shipping vouchers, cashback
vouchers, featured shops vouchers,
and/or featured brands vouchers)
influenced me to participate in big
online shopping event sales.
13. Online game features of online
shopping platforms that give vouchers
and/or coins as prizes were engaging
during the event sales.
14. Seasonal promotional codes
influenced me to participate during the
event sales.
15. ₱1 raffle on an online shopping
platform is encouraging to buy.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Behavioral Intention
This refers to how the factors affect the Generation X in terms of:
Behavioral Intention
(1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree
Statement
1. I will continue to shop online on
this platform.
2. I encourage others to shop
online on this platform.
3. I will use this platform website
more often for online purchases.
4. I am satisfied with my previous
online shopping experience.
5. I intend to purchase online again
if I need any product.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
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6. I will recommend this platform to
my family and friends
7. I would not use another platform
as long as it continues to sell the
product I need
8. I will continue to use this
platform because it is easy to use
9. I will continue to use this
platform because of its promos
10. I will continue to use this
platform because of the good
customer service
11. I intend to use this platform
because of its reduced risks
12. I will say positive things about
this online shopping platform
13. I will continue to use this
platform because of the word-ofmouth endorsement of others.
14. I will complain to other
customers if I experience a
problem with the platform
15. I will probably use this online
shopping platform less frequently.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
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APPENDIX C
CERTIFICATES
Ethics and Data Privacy Certification
109
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Certificate of Statistical Treatment of Data
APPENDIX D
FIGURE
Conceptual Framework
110
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Certificate of Proofreading
111
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Certificate of Ethics and Data Privacy Review Endorsement Form
112
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APPENDIX D
FIGURES
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APPENDIX E
CURRICULUM VITAE
Diana Alliyah Nadres
Principal Investigator
0926 699 2257
ndo0332@dlsud.edu.ph
Dasmariñas, Cavite
Diana Alliyah O. Nadres is an 18-year-old student, born on November 6,
2004. She is currently a senior high school student at De La Salle
University-Dasmariñas under the strand of Accountancy, Business, and
Management.
She
is
known
to
be
resilient,
goal-oriented,
and
compassionate. She is also a student athlete. People know her as the
former class president and the current team captain in basketball. She has
experienced leadership throughout her high school years. As a student, she
balances her time with academics and varsity. She is a student who
excelled in academics and sports. Moreover, she plans to take a BS in
psychology in college.
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Alyanna D. Vallejos
Co-Principal Investigator
0936 953 3607
vad0220@dlsud.edu.ph
General Trias, Cavite
Alyanna D. Vallejos is a persevering and goal-oriented 19-year-old student
who was born on June 10, 2004. She claims to be persevering and goaloriented, as she strives to pursue her goals and achieve them despite facing
difficulties along the way. Moreover, she is currently a grade 12 student at
De La Salle University-Dasmariñas under the strand “Accountancy,
Business and Management”. Throughout her whole academic career, she
experienced being a leader numerous times, which trained and developed
her leadership skills. In addition, she has been a consistent honor student
ever since she started attending school, and she aspires to have a degree
in Accountancy and be a Certified Public Accountant in the future.
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Jamesse Hayes Dizon
Co-Researcher
0956 002 3165
djb478@dlsud.edu.ph
Amadeo, Cavite
Jamesse Hayes B. Dizon is an 18-years-old, born on March 14, 2005. She
is a current student at De La Salle University - Dasmariñas. She is known
as a capable, dependable, and straight-forward person. She consistently
receives honors throughout her high school education. She has been
recognized for her academic achievements and involvement in different
organizations since junior high school. She enjoys listening to music and
watching films. She is eager to pursue a career as a forensic scientist.
116
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Nakeisha Ailla Manalo
Co-Researcher
0997 810 5667
mna0340@dlsud.edu.ph
Bacoor, Cavite
Nakeisha Ailla A. Manalo is an 18-year-old student, born on December 4,
2004. She is currently a Grade 12 student at De La Salle UniversityDasmariñas under the strand of Accountancy, Business, and Management.
People know her as a reliable, positive-thinking, and conscientious person.
As a student, she gives her best to balance her time with academics, her
family, and self-care, as well as exert great effort in everything. She has
experienced leadership through her junior high and senior high school
years. She has a passion for dancing, literature, and the creative arts. She
is a consistent honor student and plans to take a course in economics in
college and be in the business world in the future.
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Antonette E. Perez
Co-Researcher
0999 845 2893
pae0392@dlsud.edu.ph
General Trias, Cavite
Antonette E. Perez is an 18-year-old, born on December 2, 2004. She is
currently studying Senior High School at De La Salle University–
Dasmariñas. She is known to be an easy-going and fun-to-be-with person.
She is responsible, patient, and understanding, many people can attest to
that. As a student achiever, she joined various extracurricular activities such
as sports competitions, academic competitions, and clubs/organizations.
She is a consistent honor student ever since she started her education. The
things she loves to do in order to relieve her stress are watching
movies/series, reading novels, and listening to music. She plans on taking
a degree in Legal Management and pursuing law in the future.
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Serena Gracielle D. Roxas
Co-researcher
0995 834 9368
rsd0132@dlsud.edu.ph
Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Serena Gracielle D. Roxas is a senior high school student studying
accountancy, business, and management at De La Salle UniversityDasmariñas. She was born on May 19, 2005, and is an 18-year-old with
outstanding interpersonal skills. She is seen as a person who is determined,
competent, and adaptable. She is a student who excelled in academics and
maintained a number of accolades. Her interests include watching and
dissecting films, listening to music, and going to different places. She
intends
to
pursue
administration.
a
degree
in
entrepreneurship
and
business
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Jasmine Marie Soriano
Co-Researcher
0926 096 3466
sjd0302@dlsud.edu.ph
Imus, Cavite
Jasmine Marie D. Soriano is currently in 12th grade under the Accountancy,
Business, and Management strand. She is 18 years old and was born on
July 24, 2004. She is known to be an organized and straight-forward person,
which helped her excel in her academics. She has garnered awards
throughout her academic career and joined multiple organizations since
junior high school. Her interests revolve around books, movies, and reading
the Young Blood Archives of Philippine Daily Inquirer. She plans to take up
a degree in business economics and be a successful career woman in the
future.
120
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Psalm Avriahne D. Perma
Co-Researcher
0949 943 8091
ppd0170@dlsud.edu.ph
Imus, Cavite
Psalm Avriahne D. Perma is a 19-year-old grade 12 student from De La
Salle University-Dasmariñas. He is known for being laid-back and quiet. He
is silent most of the time and takes time to feel comfortable around new
people. As a student, he likes to do things his own way; he is driven by
motivation to achieve something. He has a passion for music and anything
esports-related. He is currently undecided about his future but is looking
forward to the opportunities that may arise.
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