Health perceptions and health maintenance are
influenced by the following, EXCEPT?
a. Personal beliefs
b. Religious and cultural beliefs
c. Socioeconomic status
d. None of the above
These beliefs can promote health maintenance or
interfere with good health practices.
a. Religious beliefs
b. Cultural beliefs
c. Knowledge and motivation
d. Mobility
These beliefs play an important role in selection
of food.
a. Religious beliefs
b. Cultural beliefs
c. Knowledge and motivation
d. mobility
Ans: None of the above
R: Health perceptions and health-maintenance
practices in older adults are influenced by
personal beliefs, religious and cultural beliefs,
socioeconomic status, education, and life
experiences. Page 95-96.
Ans: Religious beliefs
R: Religious beliefs contribute to an individual’s
perceptions. These beliefs can promote health
maintenance or interfere with good health
practices and result in increased health risks. For
example, some religions that teach that the body
is a temple, stressing the importance of avoiding
alcohol, tobacco, and other behaviors that are
harmful to health. Page 96.
Ans: Cultural beliefs
R: Culture also plays a significant role in the
selection of food and the method used for food
preparation. Page 96.
This belief is essential in making good choices.
a. Religious beliefs
b. Cultural beliefs
c. Knowledge and motivation
d. Mobility
Answer: Knowledge and motivation
This is essential to obtain goods for basic needs.
a. Religious beliefs
b. Cultural beliefs
c. Knowledge and motivation
d. mobility
Answer: Mobility
This greatly influences the person’s motivation in
participating health promotion activities.
a. Perception
b. Cognitive and sensory changes
c. Caregivers
d. Changes in accessibility
These factors may make health maintenance
difficult to access.
a. Perception
R: Knowledge of recommended health practices is
essential to make good choices. Page 96-97.
R: Even people who are knowledgeable and
motivated to maintain their health may have
trouble if they cannot obtain the goods or
services they need. Page 97.
Answer: Perception
R: Perceptions regarding aging greatly affect a
person’s motivation and willingness to participate
in health-maintenance activities. Page. 97
Answer: Changes in accessibility
b. Cognitive and sensory changes
c. Caregivers
d. Changes in accessibility
Which of the following is a characteristic of older
adults who are likely to experience
ineffectiveness in health maintenance?
a. Physical limitations
b. Limited financial resources
c. Altered cognition
d. All of the above
Which of the following is a recommended
practice in maintaining wellness?
a. Balanced diet
b. Quit smoking
c. Get routine immunizations
d. All of the above
R: Physical limitations, including loss of motor
skills, decreased strength and endurance, and the
presence of disease, make health-maintenance
activities more difficult. Page 98.
Answer: All of the above
R: Characteristics of Older Adults Who are Likely
to Experience Ineffectiveness in Health
Maintenance
● Lack of adequate knowledge about
recommended health practices.
● Physical limitations
● Lack of adaptive behaviors to
environmental changes
● Limited financial resources
● Altered cognitive or perceptual function.
● Difficulty accessing health-related goals
or services.
Loss of motivation because of grief, hopelessness,
or powerlessness. Page. 102, Box 4-5.
Answer: All of the above
R: Recommended Health Practices to Maintain
Wellness
● Eat a well-balanced, plant-based diet.
● Establish a regular exercise program.
● Quit smoking.
● Consume alcohol in moderation.
● Get routine immunizations as
recommended.
● Stay involved in activities with others.
● Keep a healthy attitude.
● See the dentist and primary care provider
regularly. Page 102, Box 4-6.
This type of intervention can both promote health
and help older persons function in the most
optimum level.
a. Caregivers
b. Home health
c. Gerontologic nursing
d. All of the above
Answer: Home health
Which of the following is most likely to have
hypertension?
a. 30-year-old male with sedentary lifestyle
Answer: 50-year-old African American male
R: Home health interventions can both promote
health and help the older person maintain the
highest level of function as possible for the
longest period of time. Page 98.
b. 50-year-old African American male
c. 40-year-old Asian male
d. None of the above
You note that an elderly lacks adaptive behavior
to environmental changes and has difficulty
accessing health related (goods or services). What
is the most APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis?
a. Ineffective health maintenance
b. Fear of the unknown
c. Impaired cognitive function
d. Risk for injury
Answer: Ineffective health maintenance
You noted that an elderly lacks adaptive behavior
to environmental changes and accessing health
related (goods and services). What is your BEST
nursing goal?
a. Resume the elderly’s normal health
maintenance.
b. Teach skills to monitor one’s health.
c. Consult with the appropriate healthcare
worker.
d. Demonstrate adequate health
maintenance practices.
Answer: Demonstrate adequate health
maintenance practices.
You note that an elderly lacks adaptive behavior
to environmental changes and has difficulty
accessing health related (goods and services).
What is your BEST nursing intervention?
a. Resume the elderly’s normal health
maintenance.
b. Teach skills to monitor one’s health.
c. Consult with the appropriate healthcare
worker.
d. All of the above
R: Characteristics of Older Adults Who are Likely
to Experience Ineffectiveness in Health
Maintenance
● Lack of adequate knowledge about
recommended health practices.
● Physical limitations
● Lack of adaptive behaviors to
environmental changes
● Limited financial resources
● Altered cognitive or perceptual function.
● Difficulty accessing health-related goals
or services.
● Loss of motivation because of grief,
hopelessness, or powerlessness. Page.
102, Box 4-5.
R: The nursing goals for an older adult
demonstrating ineffective health maintenance are
to:
● Verbalize appropriate health maintenance
practices.
● Demonstrate adequate health
maintenance practices.
● Identify community resources that an
assist in health maintenance. Page 101.
The others are nursing interventions.
Answer: All of the above
R: Nursing Interventions/Implementation for
ineffective health maintenance should take place
in hospitals or extended-care facilities:
1. Assess the older adult’s ability to resume
normal health-maintenance practices.
2. Teach the skills required to monitor
health status when the patient returns
home.
3. Consult with the social worker or with
agencies that can assist with
health-maintenance practices. Page 102.
What is the maximal life expectancy?
a. 90
b. 100
c. 110
d. 120
Answer: 120
When the sun is out, it tends to make it bright
outside, explains a theory or a fact?
Answer: Theory
Everyone has a biologic clock is what theory?
What theory proposes that every person has a
limited amount of genetic material that will run
out eventually?
R: The maximal life expectancy for humans today
appears to be 120 years. Page 45.
R: A theory is a well-substantiated explanation
acquired through the scientific method and
repeatedly tested and confirmed through
observation and experimentation.
Answer: Programmed theory
R: The programmed theory proposes that
everyone has a “biologic clock” that starts ticking
at conception. In this theory, each individual has a
genetic “program” specifying an unknown but
predetermined number of cell divisions. As the
program plays out, the person experiences
predictable changes such as atrophy of the
thymus, menopause, skin changes, and graying of
the hair. Page 45.
Answer: Run-out-of-program theory
Decreasing vital signs as we age is what theory?
R: A theory which proposes that every person has
a limited amount of genetic material that will run
out immediately. Page 45.
Answer: Rate of living theory
Error in DNA synthesis is what theory?
R: The rate of living theory proposes that
individuals have a finite number of breaths or
heartbeats that are used up over time. Page 45.
Answer: Somatic mutation theory
Excessive exposure of this harmful substance may
result in different illnesses?
R: The somatic mutation theory proposes that
aging results from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
damage caused by exposure of chemicals and
radiation and that this damage causes
chromosomal abnormalities that lead to disease
or loss of function later in life. Page 46
Answer: Free radical theory
When we maintain our body well, we age well is
what theory?
Harmful substances attach to our connective
tissue causes us to have wrinkles is what theory?
Being an elderly is a baggage to society and a
society does not need is what theory?
a. Disengagement theory
b. Activity theory
c. Life-course theory
d. Jung’s theory
Doing the same thing for your whole life and at
the same time feeling loss is explained in what
theory?
Being always curious facilitated growth as an
individual is what theory?
Accepting our role changes as we age is what
theory?
Toddler’s like to thing about themselves all the
time is what theory?
R: Excessive free radical accumulation in the body
is purported to contribute to the physiologic
changes of aging and variety of diseases, such as
arthritis, circulatory diseases, diabetes, and
atherosclerosis. Page 46.
Answer: Wear-and-tear theory
R: The wear-and-tear theory proposes that good
maintenance practices will reduce the rate of
wear and tear, resulting in longer and better body
function. Page 46.
Answer: Crosslink or connective tissue theory
R: This theory proposes that cell molecules from
DNA and connective tissue interact with free
radicals to cause bonds that decrease the ability
of tissue to replace itself. This results in skin
changes typically attributed to aging such as
dryness, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Page 46.
Answer: Disengagement theory
R: This theory proposes that older people are
systematically separated, excluded, or disengaged
from society because they are not perceived to be
of benefit to society. Page 47.
Answer:
Answer: Jung’s
R: Jung’s theory proposes that development
continues throughout life by a process of
searching, questioning, and setting goals that are
consistent with the individual’s personality. Thus,
life becomes an ongoing search for the “true self.”
Page 47.
Answer: Newman’s
R: Newman’s theory identifies the tasks of aging
as: (1) coping with the physical changes of aging;
(2) redirecting energy to new activities and roles,
including retirement, grandparenting, and
widowhood; (3) accepting one’s own life; and (4)
developing a point of view about death. Page 47.
Answer: Erikson’s
Infant’s only trust their mothers is what theory?
Which among the following is the cause of gray
hair?
a. Decreased subcutaneous tissue
b. Decreased sweat gland
c. Decreased epidermis
d. Decreased melanin
Answer: Erikson’s
Answer: Decreased melanin
Which among the following is the cause of
elderlies being susceptible to trauma?
a. Decreased subcutaneous tissue
b. Decreased sweat gland
c. Decreased epidermis
d. Decreased melanin
Answer: Decreased epidermis
Which among the following is the cause of
increased dry skin?
Answer: Decreased sweat gland
Which of the following is the cause of increased
wrinkling?
Which area do we most accurately test for an
elderly’s skin turgor?
a. Forearm
b. Neck
c. Stomach
d. Forehead
R: Melanin are tiny grains of pigment in the cortex
that give natural color to the hair. Page 51.
R: Decreased thickness of epidermis causes
increased susceptibility to trauma. Page 51, Table
3-1.
R: Decreased sebaceous and sweat gland function
causes decreased dry skin; decreased
perspiration. Page 51, Table 3-1.
Answer: Decreased subcutaneous tissue
R: Decreased subcutaneous fat causes increased
wrinkling. Page 51, Table 3-1.
Answer: Forehead.
R: The assessment of skin turgor should be over
the sternum or forehead, not forearm. Page 51,
Table 3-1.
It is a common disorder caused by excessive
exposure to the sun.
a. Basal cell carcinoma
b. Sunburn
c. Pressure ulcer
d. Dermatitis
Answer: Basal cell carcinoma
What is the cause of kyphosis?
Answer: Decreased calcium
Osteoarthritis is commonly caused by what?
a. Uric acid
b. Synovial fluid inflammation
c. Stress
R: Cases of basal cell carcinoma are commonly
observed in older adults who have spent a
significant amounts of time in the sun. Page
51-52.
R: Decreased bone calcium results in increased
osteoporosis; increased curvature of the spine
(kyphosis). Page 55, Table 3-2.
Answer: Overweight
R: The exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown;
however, risk factors have been identified,
including age, obesity, joint injury or overuse,
d. Overweight
Gouty arthritis is commonly caused by what?
a. Uric acid
b. Synovial fluid inflammation
c. Stress
d. Overweight
Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly caused by
what?
a. Uric acid
b. Synovial fluid inflammation
c. Stress
d. Overweight
Which is the most common cause of COPD?
a. Asthma
b. Smoking
c. Aging
d. Cancer
Which among the following produces productive
cough?
a. Emphysema
b. Bronchitis
What is the incubation period of flu?
a. 1-3 days
b. 2-4 days
c. 3-5 days
d. 5-7 days
genetic predisposition, and muscle weakness.
Page 57.
Answer: Uric acid
R: Gouty arthritis is caused by an inborn error of
metabolism that results in elevated levels of uric
acid in the body. Page 57.
Answer: Synovial fluid inflammation
R: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a collagen disease
that results from an autoimmune process,
affecting more women than men. This disease
causes inflammation to the synovium, damage to
the cartilage and bones of joints, and instability of
ligaments and tendons that support the joints.
Page 57.
Answer: Smoking
R: COPD is common in people who have a history
of smoking or who have had a high level of
exposure to environmental pollutants. It may
coexist with asthma. Page 59.
Answer: Bronchitis
R: Chronic bronchitis involves the inflammation of
the trachea and bronchioles. Chronic irritation
leads to excessive mucus secretion and a
productive cough. Page 59.
Emphysema is characterized by changes in
alveolar structure. The alveoli lose elasticity,
become overinflated, and are effective in gas
exchange.
Answer: 1-3 days
R: The incubation period of flu is brief, often only
1 to 3 days from the time of exposure. Page 59.
What is the most common way to prevent flu?
a. Wear mask
b. Flu shots
c. Hydration
d. Wash hands
Answer: Wash hands
Which among the following is NOT a treatment
for cancer?
Answer: None of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Alternative meds
None of the above
Due to its heavy work of supplying blood for the
whole body, it is known to be the most affected
area in the heart if there are damages.
a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
Decreased baroreceptor result in which of the
following?
a. Decreased blood pressure
b. Increased blood pressure
c. Decreased temperature
d. Increased temperature
R: Treatment of choice is surgical resection of the
lungs. Radiation and chemotherapy are used in
some patients, with varying amounts of success.
Page 61.
Answer: Left ventricle
R: The pressure within the left side of the heart is
higher than in the right side, because the left side
is responsible for blood distribution to the entire
body. To provide necessary force, the left
ventricle has a thicker muscle wall than the right
ventricle. Page 61.
The ventricles are thick-walled chambers that
forcefully pump blood out of the heart.
The atria are thin-walled chambers that receive
blood from the veins.
Answer: Increased blood pressure
R: Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity causes
decreased adaptation to changes in blood
pressure. Page 62, Table 3-4.
Which of the following sites is most ideal in taking
an elderly’s pulse?
a. Radial
b. Carotid
c. Brachial
d. Apical
Answer: Apical
TRUE OR FALSE: Many older adults have seriously
obstructive coronary arteries, yet they remain
essentially asymptomatic.
TRUE OR FALSE: People experiencing an angina
attack are advised to decrease their activity and
rest until the episode passes.
Which of the following terms do we use in
describing an increased heart size?
a. Heart block
b. Coronary valve prolapse
c. Cardiomyopathy
d. Cardiomegaly
Answer: True
TRUE OR FALSE. Calcium deposits may develop on
the valves, preventing them from sealing
completely.
Answer: True
R: Page 62, Table 3-4.
R: Page 63.
Answer: True
R: Page 63.
Answer: Cardiomegaly
R: Cardiomegaly, or enlargement of the heart, is
often related to chronic heart failure. Page 64.
TRUE OR FALSE. HF is a single disease but rather a
syndrome that accompanies and results from
many other disorders.
Which of the following is not a risk factor in
developing thrombus?
a. Elderly client
b. Mobile client
c. Obesity
d. Hypertension
Increased immature T-cells can result to?
a. Increased risked for vascular occlusion.
b. Prone to infection.
c. Increased bleeding tendencies.
d. Increased blood pressure.
R: Calcium deposits may develop on the valves,
preventing them from sealing completely. This
can result in mitral valve prolapse, mitral
regurgitation, and ultimately, heart failure (HF).
Page 63.
Answer: False
R: HF is NOT a single disease but rather a
syndrome that accompanies and results from
many other disorders. Page 64.
Answer: Mobile client
R: Thrombus formation (clotting) in the lumen of
a vein is a common problem, particularly in
immobile older adults. These clots can form
quickly because of sluggish blood flow within the
vessels. Increasing the patient’s activity and using
antiembolism stockings help prevent problems
related to venous stasis or pooling. Page 64.
Answer: Prone to infection
R: Increased immature T-cells response can lead
to decreased immune response. Page 67, Table
3-5.
While checking your patient’s lab values her RBC
count is 5M. What is your next nursing action?
a. Re-check after an hour
b. Report to MD
c. Give hypertonic IV solution.
d. Document findings
Answer: Document findings.
It is a GI medication that stops acid production in
the stomach.
a. Proton pump inhibitor
b. Antacid
c. H2 blocker
d. All of the above
Answer: Proton pump inhibitor
Decreased muscle tone of the bladder will result
in?
a. Decreased filtration rate.
b. Increased concentration of urine
c. Increased bladder capacity
d. Nocturnal incontinence
Answer: increased concentration of urine
R: Administration of proton pump inhibitors
(stops acid being pumped into the stomach) such
as omeprazole and lansoprazole. Page 70, Box
3-4.
R: Decreased muscle tone results in increased
volume of residual urine.
Your 60-year-old patient is complaining of
frequency and timing episodes of incontinence.
What is your BEST nursing action?
a. Palpate the bladder.
b. Let patient wear diaper.
c. Establish a toilet schedule.
d. Give straight catheter.
Answer: Establish a toilet schedule
Which of the following situations should we
report to the MD first?
a. An elderly client having diarrhea who is
taking antibiotics.
b. An elderly client with a T of 38.7 with UTI
c. An elderly client with BP of 150/80
d. An elderly client who suddenly becomes
restless
Answer: An elderly client who suddenly becomes
restless
What is the difference between angina pectoris
and myocardial infarction?
a. The type of chest pain
b. The duration of the chest pain
c. The cause of the chest pain
Answer: The duration of the chest pain
It is a type of chest pain that that may be caused
by cold exposure.
a. Typical
b. Atypical
c. Prinzmetal
d. MI
R: To assess frequency and timing of episodes of
incontinence, the nurse should establish a
toileting schedule based on assessment data.
Page 72, Table 3-7.
R: The pain that may be experienced with
ischemia is referred to as angina pectoris (literally,
chest pain). When one or more coronary arteries
become totally obstructed by atherosclerosis or
embolus, the person is said to have a myocardial
infarction (MI) or heart attack.
Answer: Prinzmetal
What is the most common cause of angina or MI?
a. Thrombus formation
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Infection
d. Cardiogenic shock
Answer: Thrombus formation
You are assigned to the Stress Cardio unit, while
your patient is exercising, he suddenly complains
of chest pain. What if your FIRST nursing action?
a. Stop activity immediately and let patient
sit.
b. Give high flow oxygen immediately.
c. Give nitroglycerine immediately.
d. Give pain meds immediately
Answer: Stop activity immediately and let patient
sit.
Damage in the heart is mostly caused by what?
Answer: Myocardial insufficiency
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Myocardial insufficiency
None of the above
While on duty you received a few calls, which of
the following should you attend immediately?
a. “We just visited Ice World here in Star
City and suddenly I had chest pain.”
b. “I get bearable chest pain every
afternoon.”
c. “I got chest pain but after I took 2 tabs of
Nitroglycerine, I think I’m ok.”
d. “My chest pain started 15 minutes ago.”
Answer: “My chest pain started 15 minutes ago.”
Why is morphine sulfate given first before
administering oxygen?
a. To relax the heart
b. To decrease blood pressure
c. To calm the client’s anxiety
d. To decrease oxygen demand
Answer: To decrease oxygen demand
R:
A patient is complaining of chest pain, and you
Answer: “Your sublingual area has a lot of blood
instructed her to take Nitroglycerine sublingually
vessels to it which makes absorption faster.”
your patient asks you "why do I need to put it
under my tongue? Can't I just swallow it?" What
is your BEST answer?
a. “Your sublingual area has a lot of blood
vessels to it which makes absorption
faster.”
b. “Either way it’s okay, you have the right to
choose.”
c. “To reduce the risk of aspiration.”
d. “This will decrease the incidence of any
adverse effects.”
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of
LEFT-sided heart failure?
a. Orthopnea
b. Apathy
c. Weakness
d. Oliguria
Answer: Oliguria
Which of the following is a Right sided heart
failure manifestation?
a. Hepatomegaly
b. Crackles
Answer: Hepatomegaly
c. Pulmonary edema
d. Paresthesia
What is the classification of Digoxin?
Answer: Positive inotropic, negative chronotropic
Why is it important to keep a low salt diet in
patients with Heart failure?
a. To decrease hypertension
b. To decrease cholesterol
c. To reduce the risk of stroke
d. To decrease water retention
Answer: to decrease water retention
Upon reviewing your patient’s labs, you noted his
platelet is 80k, what is your best nursing action?
a. Document the findings
b. Check for bleeding tendencies
c. Encourage to ambulate
d. None of the above
Answer: Check for bleeding tendencies
You are taking care of an elderly who has a history Answer: Avoid irritating foods such as oily or spicy
of ulcer, he asks you what he should do to
food
prevent attacks. What is your BEST nursing
action?
a. Eat 3 large meals a day
b. Avoid irritating food such as oily or spicy
food
c. Drink lots of water
d. Be religious in taking your antacids
Your patient is complaining of residual urine,
what is your BEST nursing action?
a. Let him increase OFI
b. Let patient ambulate
c. Turn on the water sink and let the patient
hear the water trickling
d. Warm compress over bladder
Answer: Turn on the water sink and let the
patient hear the water trickling
The police bring Bonifacio, an older adult patient, Answer: Nurse Jasmin should notify social
to the hospital because Bonifacio was wandering
services about potential abuse and/or neglect
in the street and unable to remember his address.
Bonifacio's clothing is soiled, and he appears
malnourished and dehydrated. What would nurse
Jasmin do first?
a. Attempt to locate the patient Bonifacio’s
family or friends
b. Nurse Jasmin should notify social services
about potential abuse and/or neglect
c. Nurse Jasmin should offer food and fluids
and assist with hygiene needs
Chapter 1 of Aging overview discussed about
population size, distribution, and vital statistics.
These would be included in the statistical study of
human populations known as _______.
a. Demographics
b. Impacts
c. Generations
Answer: Demographics
Telma, a senior care giver in home care facility,
has been taking care with client Juana, 80 years
old for 2 straight weeks without taking a break.
When the home care facility hired additional
manpower, Telma was very happy that she can
now have her requested day off. ______ allows
the primary caregiver to have time away from the
demands of caregiving, thereby decreasing stress
and the risk of abuse.
a. Resignation
b. Respite
c. Retirement
Answer: Respite
Nurse Paul is a professional geriatric nurse Trainor
who gives lecture discussion with care givers
assigned in home care facilities for Aging
individuals. Nurse Paul explained that ______ is a
passive form of abuse in which caregivers fail to
provide for the needs of the older person under
their care.
a. Neglect
b. Malpractice
c. Abuse
Answer: Neglect
Nurse Jasmin is facilitating activity related to
Aging with her nursing students. Several nursing
students are discussing career options. Which
student statement demonstrates ageism?
a. "Nurse Jasmin, I would work in a clinic
that serves a mixture of older and
younger patients."
b. "Nurse Jasmin, If I were to care for older
patients, I would need knowledge about
chronic health problems."
Answer: “Nurse Jasmin, Working with older adults
could be rewarding, but I couldn't really use all of
my skills."
c. "Nurse Jasmin, working with older adults
could be rewarding, but I couldn't really
use all of my skills."
Nurse Lester has been assigned to take care of
client Maria, a 75-year-old female. Nurse Lester
has witnessed neglect and abuse with several
aging clients in home care. Nurses like nurse
Lester, are _______ of elder abuse, which means
it is against the law health care professionals
suspect elder abuse and do not report it.
a. Mandate reporters
b. Paid reporters
c. Professional reporters
Answer: Mandate reporters
Teresa is a 65 year old female who is admitted to
Answer: Medicare
the hospital due to severe constipation. Upon
hospital discharge, Teresa was very happy of her
bill because she was given discount. ________ is
the government program that provides health
care funding for older adults and disabled persons
a. Insurance
b. Medicare
c. Medicard
Dinabelle is a 35-year-old woman who doesn’t
Answer: Ageism
like to attend her grandmother’s ball party due to
the reason that invited guests are commonly
individuals aged 65 and above. The disliking of
aging and older adults based on the belief that
aging makes people unattractive, unintelligent,
and unproductive. It is an emotional prejudice or
discrimination against people based solely on age.
a. Gerontophobia
b. Gerontics
c. Ageism
Antonette has been taking oral meds she ordered
online to make her look younger. The fear of
aging and the refusal to accept older adults into
the mainstream of society.
a. Gerontophobia
b. Gerontics
c. Ageism
Answer: Gerontophobia
urse Lester is a nurse supervisor who is assigned
in geriatric ward. Nurse Lester has been observing
behavior of individual with gerontophobia. Which
Answer: Luisa, a 44-year-old woman wears her
teenage daughter's clothes
personal behavior is a demonstration of
gerontophobia?
a. Ally, a 16-year-old girl decides to dye her
hair a darker color
b. Maria, a 63-year-old woman takes a
Caribbean cruise with a friend
c. Luisa, a 44-year-old woman wears her
teenage daughter's clothes
Nurse Jasmin has been lecturing newly hired care
givers assigned in geriatric ward. Nurse Jasmin
includes that intentional _____ occurs when any
person deliberately plans to mistreat or harm
another person.
a. Neglect
b. Abuse
c. Intervention
Answer: Abuse
Nurse Paul has been differentiating with her
student nurses the difference between Geriatrics,
gerontology and gerontic nursing. What is the
medical specialty that deals with the physiology
of aging with the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases affecting older adults.
a. Gerontic nursing
b. Gerontology
c. Geriatrics
Answer: Geriatrics
Marites is an older adult widow who lives alone in
her own home. Marites is having difficulty with
driving, grocery shopping, cooking, and home
maintenance. What type of living arrangement
would be most suitable for Marites?
a. Extended care
b. Assisted living
c. Hospitalization
Answer: Assisted living
Anabelle, is an older adult patient who is having
an argument with her daughter Ariana. Which
statement shows the most significant issue that
older adult patients, and their families must face?
Answer: "Ariana, You can't tell me what to do. I'm
your mother"
a. "Ariana, you can't tell me what to do. I'm
your mother."
b. "Ariana, I can't afford my medication. You
should lend me money."
c. "Ariana, you never come and visit me
except on holidays."
Mario is a 73-year-old man, brisk and healthy
man, who applied for a part time gardener in the
neighborhood. Older adults, like Mario who
happened to be refused with the work he tried to
apply with, are treated differently simply because
of their age. Examples are refusing to hire older
people, not approving home loans and limiting
the type or amount of health care the received is
define as
a. Ageism
b. Age discrimination
c. Gender discrimination
Answer: Age discrimination
This theory is used as a model to describe the
bodily diseases and death of human body
systems.
a. Reliability theory of aging and Diseases
b. Reliability theory of aging and longevity
c. Longevity and Diseases theory
Answer: Reliability theory of aging and longevity
This theory states that our body is like a machine,
which loses function when its parts wear out.
a. Wear-and-tear theory
b. Wear-and-gear theory
c. Where-and-tear theory
Answer: Wear-and-tear theory
This theory combines the somatic mutation, free
radical, and crosslink theories to suggest that
chemicals produced by metabolism accumulate in
normal cells and cause harm to body organs.
Answer: Clinker theory
a. Error theory
b. Clicker theory
c. Clinker theory
Juana is an 80-year-old woman who enjoyed
having her gray hair naturally growing. She said
she will no longer dye her hair since it grows
super fast. One biological theory states that an
individual experienced predictable changes such
as Juana's gray hair.
a. Somatic Mutation Theory
b. Programmed Theory
c. Error Theory
Answer: Programmed theory
This theory proposes that every individual has a
limited amount of genetic material that will run
out eventually.
a. Run out of program
b. Running out of proportion
c. Run in out of program
Answer: Run out of program
These are compounds that can cause harm if their Answer: free radicals
levels become too high thus an individual may
take antioxidants to avoid these harmful
compounds. They are suspected to cause damage
to the cells, DNA, and the immune system.
a. viruses
b. free radicals
c. allergens
This theory suggest that human life span is
inherited. That identical twin dies at same
compared to fraternal twins.
a. Error Theory
b. Crosslink Theory
c. Gene Theory
Answer: Gene theory
The theory that proposes aging results from DNA
damage caused by exposure to chemicals or
radiation and that this damage causes
chromosomal abnormalities that lead to disease
or loss of function later in life.
a. Psychosomatic mutation theory
b. Somatic mutation theory
c. Somatic emission theory
Answer: Somatic mutation theory
This is a free radical that has been identified to
result a buildup of fatty pigment granules that
cause age spots in older adults.
a. Lipofuscin
b. Liposuction
c. Lipid profile
Answer: Lipofuscin
This theory states that RNA protein synthesis
cause inaccuracy to occur in cells in the body,
resulting in a progressive decline in biologic
function.
a. error theory
b. wear and tear theory
c. reliability theory
Answer: error theory
Your older female patient is complaining because
she is having frequent urinary tract infections.
Which normal age-related change is most likely to
be a contributing factor?
Which are normal age related changes?
What are patients who have had Parkinson’s
disease for 10 years likely to exhibit?
An older adult’s coming to your clinic for a gastric
ulcer. Which treatment would the nurse expect to
be ordered?
What should the nurse explain when discussing
expected changes in the female reproductive
system to older adults?
The nurse performs a skin assessment of an older
adult. Which finding is abnormal and needs to be
reported?
The nurse encourages the patient to maintain a
steady weight in the recommended range to
decrease risk of which common endocrine
disease observed in older adults?
A friend asks the nurse what would be done to
improve the chance of a long life. Using current
biologic theories of aging, the nurse
recommended that her friend discuss this first
with her physician, but advises that the approach
more likely to cause harm than good is which
one?
According to Erikson, what is the primary
developmental task of the older adult
population?
A friend tell you she thinks her father is
experiencing a “midlife crisis” because he
purchased a new red sports car, started wearing
trendy clothing, and is considering a career
change. Whose theory explains this behavior?
The same friend asks how long humans can live.
What is the nurse’s best reply?
What are the myths related to aging? Select all
that apply.
Answer: decreased bladder muscle tone
Answers:
Decreased visual acuity
Increased gastric pH
Decreased serum albumin
Decreased rate of persistalsis
Answers:
Rigidity and tremors when at rest
Dementia
Answer: Antibiotics
Answer: Production of vaginal secretions
decreases
Answer: A dark, elevated patch that bleed when
touched
Answer: Diabetes mellitus
Answer: Replacing of hormones, such as HGH,
DHEA, and Estrogen
Answer: Integrity vs. Despair
Answer: Jung’s
Answer: 110 years
Answers:
Most older adults live in institutional settings.
Most older adults suffer from a significant
loss of intellectual function.
What is the activity that best promotes health
maintenance for the typical older adult?
The nurse recognizes that regular dental visits
are:
A older adult does not follow through with health
recommendations from the primary health care
provider. The older adult does not take prescribed
medications or keep medical appointments. For
which diagnosis should the nurse formulate a
care plan?
Which immunizations should older adults receive
on a yearly basis? Select all that apply.
When attempting to health an older adult
improve his or her health-maintenance practices,
the nurse will need to assess which factors?
Select all that apply.
Most older adults experience significant
personality changes.
Most older adults are seriously depressed.
Most older adults are sick, frail, and
dependent on others.
Answer: One 30-minute walk, 3-5 times a week
Answer: Recommended on a yearly basis for all
older adults, even those with dentures.
Answer: Noncompliance
Answer: Influenza vaccine
Answers:
Cultural beliefs
Socioeconomic status
Religious beliefs
Educational level
Answers:
Stomach cancer
Diabetes mellitus
Your patient, Mr. Palakiko, tells you he
understands that he is at greater risk of certain
diseases because of his Pacific Island Heritage.
Based on what you have learned, which
disorder(s) is he likely to be at risk for? Select all
that apply?
Patient Maritess, a senior citizen, has been on
Answer: Non adherence
diet modification for 1-2 month to treat her
increase blood sugar level. She has been following
her nutritionist’s prescribed diet instructions.
However during week ends, Maritess would cheat
and eat a huge amount of food that are restricted
to her. A less negative term compared to
noncompliance, is used to describe the behavior
of patients who have difficult adhering 100% to
every aspect of a treatment regimen: exercise,
diet, medications, or annual screening
procedures.
a. Non prioritization
b. Non reactive
c. Non adherence
Lina, a 65-year-old woman joins her family at the
beach. Dina her daughter was applying her lotion
with sunscreen because at Lina’s age
Answer: Production of melanin is decreasing
a. Production of melanin is decreasing
b. Production of natural glutathione is
decreasing keratin is diminishing at Lina’s
age
Nurse Jasmin is discussing to her geriatric clients
the role of home health as it relates to health
promotion and health maintenance for older
adults including the Identification and factors to
consider when seeking home health care
assistance. Nurse Jasmin is emphasizing the
a. Classification of health promotion and
health maintenance
b. Objectives of health promotion and
health maintenance
c. Disadvantages of health promotion and
maintenance
Answer: Objectives of health promotion and
health maintenance
Analiza, the patient's daughter tells nurse Jasmin
that her mother, Judith a 71-year-old woman,
does not take her medication as frequently as
prescribed. Which intervention would nurse
Jasmin perform first?
a. Nurse Jasmin should insist Judith to take
her medication asap.
b. Nurse Jasmin should try to determine the
patient’s reason for medication
noncompliance.
c. Nurse Jasmin may inform Judith that
noncompliance will result to death.
Answer: Nurse Jasmin should try to determine
the patient’s reason for medication
noncompliance.
Nurse Lina, a geriatric nurse, has been with with
the family of client Monique for years, taking care
of Monique’s parents. When Monique’s parents
died, nurse Lina transferred to another family
who needs her expertise. After 10 years, nurse
Lina once again served Monique’s husband who is
now very ill. Nurse Lina have seen a huge
difference of Monique's appearance the last time
she saw her. What body system physically change
in first due to aging?
Sarita, 73 year old woman has been thinking
about her newly diagnosed Gastro Esopheal
Reflux. She believed that because she has not
been good to her husband, her illness is her
punishment, she cant do anything about it but
accept the consequence. This patients belief may
Answer:
R: The nurse would try to determine the cause(s)
of the behavior. Once the cause is identified, then
the nurse can use interventions, which may
include the other options. The patient could also
have beliefs or financial concerns that affect
compliance, or the patient may be trying to avoid
unpleasant side effects.
Answer: Religious belief
R: Other people, whose religions teach that illness
is a punishment for sins, may feel that the yare
not worthy of health and must endure illness as
promote health maintenance or interfere with
good health practices and result in increase
health risks
a. Illness belief
b. Religious belief
c. Sinful belief
an atonement for the things they have done
wrong in their lives. Page 96.
Charissa is celebrating her mother’s 60th birthday
and thinking of something to give her mom a
health gift check. For a healthy older adult, with
no known chronic health conditions, what
diagnostic testing should occur on an annual
basis?
Answer: Glaucoma screening
Antonia, a 68 year old woman, stops coloring her
hair black. She just let her natural color grow.
Antonia starts to love her natural gray colored
hair. Antonia’s hair
a. Losses its shine
b. Losses its pigment
c. Losses its growth
R: Vision should be checked yearly to monitor for
glaucoma or other eye problems. Refractive
examinations can detect the need for a change in
eyeglass prescription. Screening for hearing loss
or diabetes and electrocardiograms are not
routinely performed unless there is indication of a
problem. Blood cholesterol testing is done every 5
years.
Answer: Losses its pigment
Isabelle last seen her grand father Teddy when
she was still 16 years old. Grand father Teddy is a
strong, muscled and tall man. After 20 years,
Isabelle visited her grand father Teddy and have
seen big difference on how her granpa looks like
after 2 decades. As a person ages, changes on the
following is expected and natural EXCEPT
a. Muscle mass decreases
b. Adipose tissue increases
c. Muscle mass increases
Answer: muscle mass increases
Manuel, a 78 year old male client has been taking
metformin and lipitor medications for his DM
type 2 and Dyslipidemia management. He was
rushed in the Emergency room due to increased
blood pressure. Patient Manuel’s hypertension
occurs as a result of a coexisting disease process
or other known cause and is treated by treating
the underlying condition.
a. Essential hypertension
b. Hypertensive urgency
c. Secondary hypertension
Answer: Secondary hypertension
R: Secondary hypertension occurs as a result of a
coexisting disease process or other known cause.
Renal, vascular, and endocrine pathologic
conditions are among the most common causes
of secondary hypertension. Page 65.
Nurse Jasmin is formulating her Nursing process
for her 80 year old client. Nursing process for
__________________________ includes Identify,
Provide, Plan, Emphasize, Acknowledge
a. Nursing process for compliance
b. Nursing process for noncompliance
c. Independent nursing process
Answer: nursing process for noncompliance
Nurse Lester has been an expert geriatric nurse.
He had been observing clients aged 60-80 years
old. Aged individuals are likely to have more
problems accessing and services than younger
people.
Access may be limited by decreased physical
mobility, lack of transportation, or limited
finances.
a. Impact of changes related to mobilization
b. Impact of changes related to accessibility
c. Impact related to socio-economic status
Answer: Impact of changes related to accessibility
Nurse Jasmin is giving discharge instructions with
her 75 year old patient who suddenly raised
concerns that she experienced nowadays with
blurry vision. Nutrition therapy of specific doses
of vitamins C and E, beta carotene, zinc, and
copper could reduce the risk for which eye
disorder?
a. Age-related popular degeneration
b. Age-related hypertrophy
c. Age-related macular degeneration
Answer: Age-related macular degeneration
Patient Luis a 70-year-old male has lungs that are
congested and edema appears to develop
because his heart's pumping action is ineffective.
Luis probably has
a. Congestive heart failure
b. Chronic kidney disease
c. Liver cirrhosis
Answer: Congested heart failure
R: Nursing interventions for noncompliance:
1. Identify the reason for noncompliant
behavior.
2. Provide care in a nonjudgemental
manner.
3. Actively include the patient in planning
care, and adapt or modify the care plan
so that it is more acceptable to the
patient.
4. Emphasize the benefits of compliant
behavior.
5. Acknowledge the aging person’s right not
to comply with the plan of care. Page 103.
R: Access may be limited by decreased physical
mobility, lack of transportation, or limited
finances. Page 98.
Answer: The older term congestive heart failure
was used as it described the disease process: the
patient’s lungs are often congested, and edema
appears because of the heart’s pumping action is
ineffective. Page 64. It is now called heart failure.
Theresa, a 65 year old woman, who lives alone in
the apartment has been on strict low sugar diet
due to her DM type 2 and also been using cane to
aid her limitations. Theresa would like to replace
her brand of sugar to a non-caloric one however
the store selling non-caloric sugar is far from her
place. At Theresa’s age her ________ has a
significant factor on maintaining her health.
Answer: Mobility
a. Taste
b. Mobility
c. Budget
Patient Marcos, 75 year old, has been in and out
of the hospital due to his Diabetes and
Hypertension. According to her daughter, patient
Mario is not taking his medication
religiously.Noncompliance is
a. Following medication regiment in a
different frequency
b. Failing to follow through with
recommended health practices
c. Following recommended medications in
different dosage
Answer: Failing to follow through with
recommended health practices
On Nurse Jasmin’s lecture on Basic Geriatric
Nursing, she includes the following factors that
significantly affect the timing and magnitude of
age-related changes, EXCEPT
a. Economic status
b. Heredity
c. Health maintenance
Answer: Economic status
Paul is a home health nurse assessing Tonia, an
older patient who has a history of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension.
Which finding is most likely to prompt nurse Paul
to immediately call the health care provider?
a. Tonia reports an increase pigmentation
on her skin.
b. Tonia reports itchiness and dryness on
her skin.
c. Tonia reports a severe unremitting
headache.
Answer: Tonia reports a severe unremitting
headache.
Jesse, an older adult, says to nurse Jasmin, " Why
should I bother to see the doctor about my
Answer: Your symptoms could be an early sign of
illness.
R: A person is said to be noncompliant when he
or she fails to follow through with recommended
health practices. Failing to take prescribed
medications, failing to attend scheduled medical
appointments, and failing to follow prescribed
diets are examples of noncompliant behaviors.
R: Heredity, environment, and health
maintenance significantly affect the timing and
magnitude of age-related changes. Page 49.
R: The home health nurse is likely to report all of
the findings to the healthcare provider; however,
a severe unremitting headache in a patient with
hypertension could be a symptom of stroke. This
finding would require immediate evaluation. Page
94, Box 4-2.
problems? It's just old age." what would nurse
Jasmin’s response be?
a. Follow your belief. If you think like not
going to the doctor then you have the
right to do so.
b. When you’re starting to get old,
debilitating and chronic illnesses include
cancers may develop.
c. Your symptoms could be an early sign of
illness.
R: Symptoms can be an early sign of illness. This
response gives the patient a rational reason for
getting checked.
Belle is a 10 year-old child asking her
grandmother Susan, a 75-year old woman, about
the spots in her skin. Redness. Dilated superficial
blood vessels, and small "pimples" on the nose
and center of face are commonly seen with aged
individuals.
a. Melanoma
b. Rosacea
c. impetigo
Answer: Rosacea
Nurse Jasmin is turning her unconscious,
bedridden 80 year old patient in the ICU every 2
hours. Shrinkage in the cushion provided by
subcutaneous tissue along with vascular changes
places the nurse Jasmin’s older adult patient at
risk for
A. pneumonia
B. peptic ulcer
C. pressure ulcer
Answer: Pressure ulcer
Helena, a 60 year old retired stage actress, has
been looking in the mirror for hours she has
observed areas of deepened pigmentation, trying
to embraced this thing called age spots
a. dermatitis
b. melanoma
c. senile lentigo
Maria a 65 year old client came in due to skin
itchiness and dryness. At Maria’s age dry skin is
due to a decrease in the function of sebaceous
and sweat gland secretion causing itchiness and
dryness in the skin.
A. Sclerosis
B. Xerosis
C. Scabies
R: Rosacea appears as redness, dilated superficial
blood vessels and small “pimples” on the nose
and center of the face. It may spread to cover the
cheeks and chin. Left untreated, it can lead to
swelling and the enlargement of the nose or to
conjunctivitis. Page 52.
R: Shrinkage in the cushion provided by
subcutaneous tissue along with vascular changes
places the older adult at increased risk for
pressure ulcers (breakdown of the skin tissues
located over bony prominences). This is a
significant problem for immobilized people such
as those who are bedridden or confined to
wheelchairs. Page 52.
Answer: senile lentigo
R: Melanocyte clusters can form areas of
deepened pigmentation, a condition called senile
lentigo; these areas or often referred to as age
spots or liver spots and are most often seen on
body areas that are most exposed to sunlight.
Page 50.
Answer: Xerosis
R: A decrease in the function of sebaceous and
sweat gland secretion increases the likelihood of
dry skin, or xerosis. Dry skin is probably the most
common skin-related complaint among older
adults. Page 51.
When nurse Paul asks patient Mary Ann if she has
been performing the mobility and balance
exercises as directed by the physical therapist,
patient Mary Ann responds, "That type of
exercise wasn't really helping, so I stopped."
What is the nurse Paul’ best response?
A. “Mary Ann, what do you think would help
you to maintain your ability to walk
independently?”
B. “Mary An, don’t be too hard on this, the
other patients are still waiting for my
help.”
C. “Mary Ann, if that’s what God plans for
you then acceptance is necessary.”
Answer: “Mary Ann, what do you think would
help you to maintain your ability to walk
independently?”
Anabella, 73-year-old, is the grandmother of
nures Maritess whom she really adored. As a gift
to her birthday, nurse Maritess gave Anabella a
bunch of powdered milk packs. Milk is a good
source of calcium which is significant to the
following functions, EXCEPT
a. Necessary for bone strength
b. Necessary for muscle contraction
c. Necessary to liver function
Answer: Necessary to liver function
The following are considerations in the Nursing
Process for Ineffective Health Maintenance,
EXCEPT
a. Assess
b. Arrange
c. Teach
Answer: Arrange
These age-related changes can increase the risks
for personal neglect or injury from falls,
poisoning, fire, and other traumatic events
a. Cognitive and sensory
b. Personal and emotional
c. Emotional and sensory
Answer: Cognitive and sensory
Nurse Lester is assigned to take care of patient
Zenaida, a 69 year old female, admitted in the
Geriatric ward. Zenaida has been very difficult on
her medication regimen. The following are
priority nursing intervention for a patient
admitted for noncompliance with medications,
EXCEPT
a. Teaching Zenaida the importance of
prescribed medications
Answer: May threaten Zenaida of more health
complications for her to develop fear and become
compliant to her medication regimen.
R: Involving the patient in the plan of care may
help to increase compliance. Also,
the patient may not like the specifically
recommended exercises but is likely to want to be
able to walk independently.
R: Sensory changes increase the risk for injuries
from falls, poisoning, fire, and other traumatic
events. Page 97.
b. May threaten zenaida of more health
complications for her to develop fear and
become compliant to her medication
regimen.
c. Advising Zenaida that if the
noncompliance continues, Medicare will
not pay for future hospital stays.
Nurse Jasmin is discussing Basic Geriatrics to her
nursing students emphasizing that physiologic
changes become more apparent during what
times?
a. Fifth to sixth decade of life
b. Sixth to eighth decade of life
c. Third to fourth decade of life
Answer: Fifth to sixth decade of life
Patient Tommy is diagnosed with rheumatoid
arthritis. Which signs and symptoms nurse Paul
most likely to assess for patient Tommy?
a. Tenderness and pain on rest
b. Pain and stiffness on rest
c. Coldness and tenderness at rest
Answer: Pain and stiffness on rest
R: Symptoms of RA include:
● Pain and stiffness, particularly after rest
● Warm, tender, painful joints
● Fatigue
● Sense of feeling unwell
● Occasional fevers Page 57.