PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
GRADE 12
MODULE 1: The Concept and Theories of Governance
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_______________________________
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INTRODUCTION
This module introduces the students to the basic concepts and vital elements
of politics and governance from the perspectives of different political scholars
scholars.
They need to understand the ins and outs of government and politics in order
to become contributing members of society. It is important to show students the
way they can develop their own political viewpoints.
In particular, it tries to explain how the important features of our coun
country’s
political structures/institutions, processes, and relationships developed in the
long run.
In the process, the course helps the learners gain a better appreciation of their
rights and responsibilities as individuals and as members of the larger
sociopolitical
political community to strengthen their civic competence.
MODULE 1
The Concept of Politics and Governance
What I Need To Know
For the Learners
Welcome dear students to Politics and Governance.
Governance. In this module you
are going to study and be able to understand the concept of politics, examine the
different views of various political entities and exploring its connection to Political
Science. This would also help you recognize the value of politics and the difference
differe
between government and governance.
This module is designed to provide learning activities to illuminate and
assess your ideas. This will help you enhance your understanding the importance of
politics today as it was. You should know
know what is going on around you and how
political decisions people make will affect many lives.
Module Content
This module covers lesson 1 and 2 which provides learning activities that will
help you assess how you progress as you go through the module.
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
1. articulate definitions of politics HUMSS_PG12HUMSS_PG12 Ia-1
2. differentiate the various views on politics HUMSS_PG12-Ia2
3. explore the connection between the phenomenon (politics) and the method of
inquiry (Political Science) HUMSS_PG12
HUMSS_PG12- Ia-3
4.. recognize the value of politics HUMSS_PG12
HUMSS_PG12- Ia-4
5.. differentiate governance from government HUMSS_PG12HUMSS_PG12 Ia-5
Lesson 1: The Concept of Politics and how politics can be
studied.
What I Know
Pretest: This activity will allow
w you to assess your stored knowledge from the topic that
will be discussed in this lesson.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answer in your activity
notebook.
1. It is defined as “who gets what, when,
when and how” (Harold Lasswell).
a. government
b. politics
c. governance
d. economics
2. It is the
he branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of
political activity and behavior.
a. Political Science
b. Social Science c. Philosophy
d. Economics
3. The
he Father of Political Science?
a. Socrates
b. Aristotle
c. Machiavelli
d. Plato
4. Politics can be studied through ________, a major social science dealing with
political and governmental structures and processes.
a. Philosophy
b. Political Science
c. government
d. governance
5. It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given
community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the
interrelationship(s) between communities.
a. government
b. politics
c. governance
d. Political Science
What’s
’s New
Activity 1: Semantic Web Map
Direction: List down some significant word which you think best
describes the term “Politics”.. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.
POLITICS
Processing Questions:
1. How do you find the activity?
2. Why do
o you have an inherent inclination toward politics?
What Is It?
Here are the things for you to learn about the meaning and concept of politics
including the various views of politics and its connection to Political Science
Science.
What is Politics?
“Man is by nature a political animal.”
– Aristotle (Father of Political Science)
The inclination and interest of people toward anything political is based on the
fact that individuals are inherently social. Unlike other species, humans rely on social
interactions to survive. Politics is born out of this social interaction.
Harold Lasswell defined politics as “who gets what, when, and how.”
Politics (from Greek: Polis definition "affairs of the cities") is the process of
making decisions that apply to members of a group, it refers to achieving and exe
exercising
positions of governance — organized control over a human community, particularly a
state. It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given
community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the
interrelationship(s) between communities.
Politics concerns the state. It focuses on the personnel and machinery of the
government. It is the conduct and management of public interest and therefore, political
affairs. It attempts to resolve conflict through discussion, compromise, bargaining, and
consensus, wherein people arrive at a binding decision. It involves the exercise of
authority in the production, distribution, and use of resources.
How politics can be studied?
There are various ways by which one can study politics or political science.
science It is
the branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political
activity and behavior. It is a major
maj social science dealing with political and governmental
structures and processes. It is also the study of what is believed to be universal in
politics, such as power, justice, and force.(Harris, 1997)
What’s More?
Activity 2: Four pics, One word!
You
u may guess a word that connect the pictures.
1.
2.
3.
https://www.academia.edu/40066509/DLP_Philippine_Politics_and_Government
Activity 3: PolitiKonek!
Explain the connection or relations of politics and political science. Why do
you think that it is necessary for students who aspire to be lawyers to take
Political Science?
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What I Have Learned?
You have learned that p
politics is concerned with “who gets what, when and how”
as stated by Harold Lasswell. It is about human relationships and how humans behave
differently when dealing with others when there is coopera
cooperation,
tion, competition and conflict.
con
It is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given
community (this is usually a hierarchically organized population) as well as the
interrelationship(s) between communities.
Although viewed differently by people,
people, politics generally involves the public
issues that give rise to conflict.
Political Science is a social science concerned chiefly with the description and
analysis of political and governmental institutions and processes.
Studying politics may involve the study of concepts that are universal in politics,
such as power, justice and force; or the study of institutions and processes of politics.
What I Can Do
Activity 4: Politikanta
Directions: Think of a line from a Tagalog song depicting political statement.
Explain what is political about the song lyric you have chosen.
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Additional Activity
Activity 5: Summary and Reflection
Instructions: (a) Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in five to ten
sentences. (b) Provide five or six sentences for reflection or opinion
regarding politics and political science.
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________________________________________________
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Lesson 2: The value of politics and differentiation of
governance from government
gov
What’s In
Activity: Picture Analysis
https://www.academia.edu/40066509/DLP_Philippine_Politics_and_Government
Processing Questions:
Questions
1. What can be seen in the picture?
2. What does the picture depict?
What’s New
Activity 1: The World With Politics
You are going to show how politics is valued in each group or
organization. Write your answers in not less than 2 to 3 sentences.
a. Family
b. Classroom/School
c. Peers (barkadahan)
d. barangay
e. Workplace
Processing Question: How does politics affect you as a member of society and
the world.
What Is It
From the above activity,
activity you have recognized the value of politics and its
importance in operating groups and organizations. Let me further elaborate on how
great an influence of politics has on us.
The value of Politics…..
…..





help you to know your rights.
It clarifies
es what you yourself believe.
Politics is a living, breathing subject.
Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties.
Politics prepares you for adult life.
Government is the instrument of the state through which the will of the people is
expressed, carried out, and formulated.
Governance is broadly defined as the action of sovereign authority; specifically, the
exercise of authoritative direction or control, over a particular political unit or
organization.
Law as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas is “an ordinance of reason for the common
good, made by him who has care of the community…”
People exercise their political authority through the government, which functions
as an instrumentality of the state through law.
Politics and governance are shaped by institutions of a country. According to
Johnson (n.d.), institutions are significant practices needed to “sustain and restrain
orderly competition” in the field of politics.
Recognizing the essential link between politics
politics and governance will provide both
government officials and citizens a clear idea of the type of political activity essential for
good governance.
What’s More
Activity 2: Minute Papers!
Directions: Write your answers briefly (2-3
(2 3 sentences) to the following
questions:
(a) What did you learn today?
(b) What questions do you still have?
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What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Reflecting and Relating
Directions: Complete the sentence below and write your answers on your
activity notebook.
The big idea of politics is ______________________________________.
_________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________.
A conclusion I’m drawing with how should people value and know the
importance
e of politics is ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______. The most important feature of the link between government and
governance
ce is _______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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What I Can Do
Activity 4: Slogan
Directions: Create a SLOGAN
SLOGAN that will establish how good
politics can be applied in our daily life.
Note: The activity will be sc
scored following rubrics
Post Assessment (True or False)
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write T if the statement
state
is
correct, and write F if the statement is incorrect. Write your
answers in the activity notebook.
1. Politics is the actual process of how humans interact in groups.
2. Politics does not include the decision
decision-making
making and decision-enforcing
decision
processes in any group that makes and enforces rules for its
members.
3. Political science seeks to study the origin, nature and functions of the
State, Government and its all organs.
4. Politics is universal and is always the same.
5. Governance deals with the way power is exercised in managing the
country’s economic and social resources.
Additional Activities
Activity 5: Venn Diagram
Directions: Compare and contrast government and governance using
the Venn Diagram
Government
Governance
TRANSLATED BY: JENNIFER O. PACAMALAN
Social Science Teacher II
BA in Sociology
Prof. Ed. (27 units)
Master of Arts in Teaching Social Sciences (9 UNITS)
Master in Public Administration (CAR)
LAGUINDINGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL - SHS
REFERENCES:
Ramos, Renan E.Philippine Politics and Governance.Vibal Group, Inc.2016
WEBSITES:
https://www.clopified.com/download/philippine-politics-and-governance-curriculumguidecg-humss/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/25140478/Module-1-Politics-and-Governancedocx/
https://www.academia.edu/40066509/DLP_Philippine_Politics_and_Government
https://www.centredaily.com/opinion/article69564172.html
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=N44828&sp=yes&
ANSWER KEY:
LESSON 1
Activity 1: Semantic Web Map
Answers may vary
Activity 2: Four Pics, One Word
a. nation
b. debate
c. politics
Activity 3: PolitiKonek
Answers may vary
Activity 4: PolitiKanta
Answers may vary
Activity 5: Summary and Reflection
Answers may vary
LESSON 2
Activity:
Picture Analysis
Answers may vary
Activity 1: The World With Politics
Answers may vary
Activity 2: Minute Papers
Answers may vary
Activity 3: Reflecting and Relating
Answers may vary
Activity 4: Slogan
Answers may vary
Activity 5: Venn Diagram
Answers may vary
PRETEST
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. b
POST-TEST
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
Rubric for Slogan
Category
4 points
3 points
2 points
Craftsmanship
The slogan is
exceptionally
attractive in terms
of neatness.
Well-constructed
and not messy.
The slogan is
attractive in terms
of neatness.
Good
construction and
not very messy.
The slogan is
acceptably
attractive though
it may be a bit
messy.
Creativity
Slogan is
Slogan is creative Slogan is
exceptionally
and a good
creative and
creative. A lot of
amount of thought some thought
thought and effort was put into
was put into
was used to
decorating it.
decorating it.
make the banner.
Originality
Exceptional use
Good use of new
Average use of
of new ideas and ideas and
new ideas and
originality to
originality to
originality to
create slogan.
create slogan.
create slogan.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=N44828&sp=yes&
1 points
The slogan is
distractingly
messy.
The slogan does
not reflect any
degree of
creativity.
No use of new
ideas and
originality to
create slogan.