Thainiyomsongkroa School
Grade 6
Summary of the Lesson
TOPIC:
ELECTRICITY
The imbalance of electric charges on an object due to
the transfer of electrons, causing it to become positively
or negatively charged.
Static Electricity:
2 TYPES OF CHARGES IN ALL OBJECTS
Electricity
Electricity is the movement of electric charge in an object. An object that has electric
charge will attract or repel one another, which is called electric force
Electrical Forces and Their Friends!
Imagine you have two magnets. When you try to push their similar ends together (like two
"north" ends or two "south" ends), they push each other away. But if you bring a north end
near a south end, they snap together. That's kind of how electrical forces work!
Atom: Think of an atom as a tiny building block of everything. Inside this atom, there are
even tinier parts: some have a positive charge, some have a negative charge, and some
have no charge at all!
Atoms and Their Tiny Parts:
Atom: Imagine a tiny dot, so small you can't see with your eyes. This dot is called an atom,
and everything around us is made up of billions and billions of these dots!
Inside every atom, there are three main players:
Protons: Tiny bits with a positive charge, sort of like mini "north" magnets. They stay in the
atom's center, or the "nucleus."
Electrons: Tiny bits with a negative charge, like mini "south" magnets. They move around
the nucleus, a bit like how planets orbit the sun.
Neutrons: These are the peacekeepers. They don't have a charge and just hang out in
the nucleus with the protons.
The nucleus (plural, nuclei) is a positively charged region
at the centre of the atom. It consists of two types of
subatomic particles packed tightly together. The particles
are protons, which have a positive electric charge, and
neutrons, which are neutral in electric charge. Outside of
the nucleus, an atom is mostly empty space, with orbiting
negative particles called electrons whizzing through it.
Electron Transfer
Cation and Anion - When Atoms Get Charged!
Atoms like balance. They're happiest when their positive and negative bits are even. But
sometimes, an atom might lose or gain an electron from another atom.
Cation: When an atom loses one of its negative electrons, it has more positive charges
(from protons) than negative ones. It becomes a positively charged atom, or a "cation."
Anion: When an atom gains an extra electron, it has more negative charges (from
electrons) than positive ones. Now, it's a negatively charged atom, called an "anion."
Electric Field of a positive and negative point of charge vector
Electric Field of a positive and positive point of charge vector
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
KEY IDEAS:
Electric circuits
comprise
Circuit components
Power Source
such as
Which provides
Wires, light bulbs and
switches
Electric current
Flows in
Closed circuits
What is the function of battery?
But not in open
circuits
What is the function of bulb?
What is the function of connecting wire?
What is the function of switch?
Electric Circuit
1. How do yout turn a closed circuit into an open circuit?
2. What are the differences between a closed circuit and open circuit?
Electrical Conductors and Insulators
Electrical insulators do not allow electric current to flow through them. Things that are
made of wood, plastic, paper, ceramic and rubber are electrical insulators.
Electrical conductors conduct electricity. They allow electric current to flow through
them. Electrical conductors are usually made from metals such as iron, copper, steel, and
aluminium.
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)
Electrical conductors and electrical insulators are chosen to make different parts of an
electrical component. The wires in a circuit are made of electrical conductors such as
copper. This allows the wires to conduct electricity. The covering of the wire is made of
plastic.
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The plastic covering does not allow electric current to flow through it and hence it
protects the user from electric shocks. Can you identify other examples of electrical
conductors and electrical insulators?
Series and Parallel circuits
A type of electrical circuit where components are connected in a single path, so the same
current flows through all components.
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How is each component of the series circuit connected? (End to End)
Both A and B are series circuits.

There are more bulbs in circuit B than circuit A.

The bulbs in circuit A light up brighter.

When more light bulbs are added to the series circuit the brightness of the
bulb decrease.
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This is a series circuit the electricity flows in one path only
When one bulb is removed the circuit becomes incomplete and the electric
current cannot flow in the circuit so the other bulb does not light up.
Parallel Circuits: (วงจรขนาน)
A type of electrical circuit where components are connected in multiple paths, allowing
different branches to have their own separate current flow.
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How are the bulbs of the parallel circuit connected?
How many paths can the electricity flow?
What type of circuit is shown here?
If the bulb is not broken how many paths can the electricity flow in the circuit?
One of the bulbs is broken. Can the electricity still flow through other paths and light up
the other bulbs?
What type of circuit do we use at homes?
Can we control every electrical appliance with a switch using this type of circuit?
Will other Appliances be affected if one of the appliances is broken?