A. INTRODUCTION
It provides an overview of the background and current knowledge on the subject.
It states the aim for working on that particular topic. It captures the reader’s interest and
gives them the fundamental information they need to comprehend the study. This section
reveals any gaps that the current study seeks to fill. Additionally, it briefly describes the
methodology that will soon be discussed further in later chapters.
1. Background of the Study - The importance of the Background of the Study lies in
its ability to provide context and justification for a research project, helping
readers understand why the study is necessary. Additionally, it offers a clear
foundation for the research, shaping its objectives and identifying knowledge
gaps that need to be addressed.
2. Statement of the Problem - It is a particular issue of the research. It helps to
explicitly outline a concise and clear plan for the research in addition to ensuring
that it is well-designed and deals with a significant and pertinent problem.
3. Assumption and Hypothesis - The importance of assumptions and hypotheses
lies in their ability to provide a foundation for research, enabling scientists to
build and test theories systematically. They guide experimentation and analysis,
allowing researchers to draw conclusions, generate new knowledge, and
potentially improve existing practices.
4. Scope and Delimitation - These are the sections that specify the coverage and
limits of the research. It aids in focusing the study, making it more manageable
and applicable to the research objective.
5. Significance of the Study - It determines the research’s applicability,
contributions, and prospective effects. It enables readers and researchers to fully
comprehend the academic and practical benefits of the study.
6. Definition of Terms - It gives a clear explanation of essential concepts and terms
utilized in the study, to prevent readers from becoming confused or
misunderstood. It contributes to the accuracy, precision, and consistency of
research.
B. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Review of Related Literature is one of the macro parts of a research format
that is crucial in building the foundation of knowledge in your field. Through this part, the
researchers will be able to gather current and relevant research that is related to the
subject matter. The literature review will resolve disagreements and unanswered
questions, and determine the need for further study, identify gaps in the current
knowledge, which can be addressed through their study. The review of related literature
enables researchers to identify the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies, which
can help them design their own study more effectively. It also helps them to avoid
duplication of efforts by identifying areas that have already been extensively researched.
1. Review of Related Literature - Helps researchers to identify gaps in knowledge
and areas where further research is needed. It also enables them to evaluate the
quality and relevance of previous studies and their findings.
2. Review of Related Study - Allows researchers to access a wider range of data and
tools than they would otherwise have access to. This can lead to more
comprehensive research findings and more accurate conclusions.
3. Theoretical Framework - Doing a theoretical framework will relate the researcher
to an existing knowledge and will be given a foundation to define their concepts
and establish the boundaries of the study. In addition, this framework will also
enhance the credibility of the research as it provides a basis for evaluating the
assumptions and variables used.
4. Conceptual Framework - The key purpose of creating a conceptual framework is
to provide a clear understanding of the research process through visual
representation. It serves as a roadmap to align and relate the different parts of
research to one another and make sure that the study is coherent and focused.
C. METHODOLOGY
It is a macro part of a research paper wherein it is the specific methods or
procedures utilized to collect pieces of data toward analysis of the gathered information
that gives way to understanding the topic in a better manner. This section is conducive
for researchers to evaluate the study's reliability and validity. The research methodology
gives an in-depth plan for how the researchers gather the necessary data efficiently and
smoothly, how they analyze their data, the tools and materials that they utilized during
their research, and their reasoning for selecting their chosen methods. It will help the
reader understand and identify the specific methods used by the researcher to arrive at
their conclusion. This part brings the study to life by turning conceptions into reality by
gathering data and evaluating it to form conclusions about the questions, issues,
questions, or gaps the researchers are attempting to answer.
1. Research Design - The research design acts as a framework for carrying out
research because it demonstrates the overall layout and approach of the study.
Research design assist researchers in clearly identifying their research objectives,
improving the validity and reliability of their research, exercising control over
multiple variables that can affect the result of the research, enhancing the
generalizability of results that will enhance the relevance of the research
conclusions, ensuring that ethical considerations are addressed, and maximizing
the allocation of sources that will help for the well-ordered execution of the
research within the constraints of the resources available.
2. Research Instrument - These are the instruments used to gather data particularly
connected to the answers for the statement of the problem, which include
examples like interview questionnaires and surveys. There are three ways of
producing a research instrument — adapting an instrument from a study that has
similar variables to your own study; modifying, which is connected to the first
one, in a sense of aligning it with the context of the topic of your study; creating
own instrument by consulting a professional about the produced tool to ensure
its validity and reliability.
3. Sampling Technique - The sampling technique is important in research because
it involves selecting a small number of individuals from the entire population in
order to represent the population in the study, which is crucial to the
generalization of results and enhances the overall efficacy and relevance of the
research. The main function of sampling technique is to get a representative
sample which represents the characteristics of the wider population; it is possible
to minimize bias in sampling when the researcher uses a randomized method that
ensures equal chances for all individuals in the population; it helps to use
resources efficiently by gathering data from a smaller portion of the population
to prevent lengthy and costly research execution; and it can help researchers
accumulate data more feasibly and easily.
4. Data Analysis - It is the process of gathering, organizing, and analyzing data in
order to comprehend it and draw useful conclusions from it. Analytical and logical
reasoning are used in data analysis to extract meaningful information from the
gathered data.
5. Data Gathering Procedure - A methodology's data gathering procedure is
essential because it entails the systematic collection of significant and accurate
data to provide a solid basis for assessment and insights. By obtaining the
necessary data, decision-makers may evaluate the present circumstances and
find patterns and trends, it is also important to validate and disprove
hypotheses, keep track of the study progress, determine whether the desired
results are being obtained, and make adjustments if there is a need for
improvement.
D. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
It is the process of interpreting data to create a conclusion based on the findings
of the study. Without its implementation, the data gathered are just a set of texts and
numbers without meaning and purpose. The overall research will depend on the
interpretation of data and may support or refute the hypothesis and assumptions. It is
the most pivotal part of the succession of the research. With it, researchers can proceed
on summarizing their findings.
1. Summary Of Gathered Data - This is where the researchers organize and present
their collected data with a numerical value. It can be in the form of a tabular or
graphical presentation.
2. Interpretation - The tabular or graphical presentation in the summary of
gathered data is then converted into a narrative interpretation. This is where the
researchers draw a conclusion based on the result.
E. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The Summary of Findings highlights the overall conclusions drawn from an
analysis or study. It consolidates the essential aspects of the report, such as key trends,
patterns, and issues. It outlines and interprets the significant findings from the results
section. It also tells us whether the findings are relevant based on the study's aim and
scope. Lastly, it serves as a concise overview for quick reference or communication to a
broader audience.
1. Discussion - The discussion section analyzes the evaluation of the researchers'
original findings and places them in the context of the overall research conducted.
This brings all of the parts of the paper together before the summary of findings,
letting readers comprehend the links and relationships between all of the
research paper's components.
2. Conclusion - The conclusion aims to help readers comprehend why the conducted
research is important to them, and it provides a summary of deductive or
inductive reasoning as well as an analysis of the study's main findings. As a result,
it provides meaning, a likely interpretation, or an explanation for the researcher's
own results.
3. Recommendation - The recommendation section relays the message to future
researchers on what to do or improve on their future research based on the
negative findings of the present research paper and its researchers’
shortcomings. In short, this section highlights the opportunity for improvements
that future researchers can accomplish.
Instructions: If you were to propose a new research format, what do you think are the 4 most important
parts to be included in? (5 sentences minimum)
Each part of a research paper is what makes it comprehensible and meaningful to the
readers as well as to society, following the essence of a research paper as a part of an academic
work that can cause societal change. But if I were given a chance to propose a new format with
intact needed pieces of information, it would comprise the Introduction, Review of Related
Literature, Methodology, and Interpretation of Data. As a support of this proposal, these are the
following grounds. The Introduction serves as the foundation of the paper itself, as well as the
readers. It gives them the context, background, significance, and direction of the study. Moreover,
it attracts the audience to the topic by providing an overview, and it enables the researchers to
establish the sole purpose of conducting the study. Moving on to the Review of Related Literature,
this is where the excellence of the output is dependent. The quality of literature equates to the
quality of research. More so, without reviewing the literature, a research paper cannot be
conducted as this identifies what is known and what is unknown about a particular topic. Deriving
from that, this is the part where we can extract a research gap, which is one of the main reasons
why a research paper is being performed — to fill the unaddressed gaps. Similarly, the
Methodology is also essential as this is what realizes the study. It is the section that involves the
collection of data concerning its relevance for analysis as it lends credibility to the study and
produces scientifically sound results. In simple words, the Methodology is the torch or light for
the study toward the answers they are looking for aligned with the questions of the research.
Lastly is the Interpretation of Data, which gives meaning to all the data acquired. Furthermore, it
assists individuals in determining the significance of numerical data that has been collected,
evaluated, and presented. Thereof, it is impactful to the reader's and researcher's track toward
the drawing of conclusions. All these four parts could equip them with the necessary details of
the research paper, guiding them in the direction of the answers to the problem of the study.