INTRODUCTION:
Polyurethanes are some of the most versatile and useful polymers that we have today.
They exist in many different forms, which have various uses. Polymers are synthetic
materials made by joining together long chains of complex organic molecules called
monomers. Better known to us as plastics, polymers are an integral part of modern
industrialisation and have their uses in numerous applications.
ORIGINS
●
Polyurethane chemistry was first discovered and developed by Dr. Otto Bayer
and his team during the late 1930s and early 1940s
● During World War II, this new type of material quickly became a cheaper
alternative to rubber, which at the time was rare and expensive.
● 1953 saw the first commercial production of polyurethane foam, which began in
the US. The foam was rigid and mostly used for insulation.
● Today, polyurethane development has been refined to produce useful types of
materials including polyurethane coatings, spandex fibers and thermoplastics.
USES
● Foams: Polyurethane foam is perhaps one of the most well-known uses of the
material. It's used in a variety of forms, including flexible foam.
● Coatings and Paints: Polyurethane coatings and paints are used for a variety of
surfaces, including wood, metal, plastics, and concrete. They provide protection
against corrosion, abrasion, and UV damage, and they offer a glossy and durable
finish.
● Textiles and Apparel: Polyurethane coatings can provide water resistance,
breathability, and stretch to fabrics, making them suitable for outdoor
clothing, rainwear, and sportswear.
● Rubber soles and tyres:
The soles of most shoes, especially sport shoes, are lined with a thin inner layer of
polyurethane material. Heavy-duty tyres are also lined with a layer of polyurethane.
● Automotive: Polyurethane is used in various automotive components,
including seats, dashboard trim, steering wheels, suspension bushings,
and more.
PROPERTIES
● Polyurethane has high load capacity in both tension and compression that may
change shape under heavy load but will return to its original shape once the load
is removed with little compression.
●
Polyurethanes possess high fear resistance along with high tensile properties.
● Polyurethane material will remain stable with minimal swelling in water, oil, and
grease.
●
Polyurethanes exhibit good electrical insulating properties.
●
It has the bond-forming ability with a wide range of materials, such as plastics,
metals and wood. Due to this facility, it is profoundly used in the manufacturing
of wheels, rollers and inserts.
● It is also antimicrobial in nature as it is not favorable for microbial colony
formation.
WHY IS IT USED IN CAR SEATS?
● Polyurethane foams are used so extensively because of their versatility.
● Polyurethane foam is known for its cushioning and comfort.
●
It is highly durable and resistant to wear and tear. This makes car seats more
resistant to everyday use, such as sliding in and out of the seat and exposure to
sunlight.
● Polyurethane foam can provide thermal insulation, helping to regulate
temperature and make the seats more comfortable in varying weather
conditions.
● Polyurethane foam can be easily molded into various shapes and designs,
allowing car manufacturers to create different seat designs and styles to match
the overall interior aesthetics of the vehicle.
● The versatility of polyurethane foam allows for customization of different seat
components, such as the cushion, backrest, and headrest, to meet specific
comfort and ergonomic requirements.