L7-9 grammar review
文法句型
Focal Point 1
Review: S + find/leave/keep 使/任由/發現+ O + V-ing(主動)/P.P.(被動)/ Adj
(1)受詞補語為形容詞時，表示「狀態或處於……情況下」。
(2)受詞補語為現在分詞時，表示「動作正在進行或主動動作」。
(3)受詞補語為過去分詞時，表示「被動」。
(4)受詞補語為介系詞片語時，通常表示「時間、地方」。
(5)容易混淆的動詞：使役動詞及感官動詞。
課文句型：受詞補語為形容詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + Adj(busy/alone/empty)
說明：當受詞補語為形容詞時，表示「狀態或處於……情況下」。
• The housework kept me busy all morning.
• Don’t disturb Mary; just leave her alone. She is in a bad mood.
• The hikers found the house empty. It seemed to have been deserted by its owner.
課文句型：受詞補語為現在分詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + V-ing
說明：當受詞補語為現在分詞時，表示「動作正在進行或為主動」。
• Robert opened the door and found a stranger lying 現在分詞 outside his house.
• Punctuality is important; we should not keep our friends waiting 現在分詞 for us.
• John’s girlfriend ran away and left(leave) him standing 現在分詞 in the rain.
課文句型：受詞補語為過去分詞
S + find/keep/leave + O + P.P.(被動)
說明：當受詞補語為過去分詞時，表示「被動」。uncared P.P.(被動)
• My mother found two eggs crushed at the bottom of the bag.
• The heartbroken mother died, leaving three children uncared for.
補充句型：受詞補語為介系詞片語 in/on/at…….
S + find/keep/leave + O + prep 介系詞片語
說明：當受詞補語為介系詞片語時，通常表示「時間、地方」。
• Finally, Lucy found her ring not in the safe but(而是) in the cabinet.
• Little Andy kept his precious diary in a small box under his bed.
• Hearing the doorbell ring, May left her baby in the cradle and ran to open the door.
補充句型：使役動詞
S + have/make/let + O + VR(主動)
說明：原形動詞作受詞補語，說明該動作為受詞所做。
• I am not good at English; therefore, English tests always make (主要動
詞)me feel ed/ing nervous.
• Alison had her son drive to the airport to pick up her sister.
S + have/make + O + P.P.(被動)
說明：過去分詞作受詞補語，說明受詞為該動作的接受者。
• There is something wrong with Tony’s eyes. He is going to the hospital
to have them examined./examing
• In the summer, Ted always has his hair cut p.p short. It makes him feel cool.
S + make + O + Adj (用中文來記憶)
說明：形容詞作受詞補語，說明受詞的狀態。
• Your birthday gift for my mother made her very happy.
• The students’ progress makes their teacher very proud.
It is (was) N/adj. + that S + V …(子句為真主詞,但因為太長所以用虛主詞代替)
【說明】it 當形式上的主詞，代替真正主詞 that 子句，此種用法在英文中很常見。
如果主詞太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，常會把主詞往後移，而用此句型。
【例句】1. ___It 虛主詞_______ is not strange that some people prefer to live alone.
有些人比較喜歡獨居並不奇怪。
=> That some people prefer to live alone (主詞)is not strange(adj).
主詞太長 是不好的句子 所以用虛主詞
2. ___It________ is a good thing (n) that you can shop online nowadays.
=>That you can shop online nowadays is a good thing.n
現今可以上網購物是件好事。
【練習】(1) 你在寫書是件好事。
It is a good thing that you are writing a book.
(2) 她不能再生育實在很悲哀。
It is sad that she could not have another baby.
It + be + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....(主詞)
→ To V ... + be + Adj (+ for sb).
說明
此句型的真主詞為不定詞片語 (to V)，當不定詞片語較長時，可以虛主詞 it 代替；
因此本句型可還原為 To V... + be + Adj (+ for sb 放句尾).。for sb 表示「對某人而
言……」
，可視情況省略之。
例句
1. It would be romantic for me to find my Mr. Right online.
→ To find my Mr. Right online would be romantic for me.
(在網路上找到我的真命天子對我而言是浪漫的。)
2. It is very convenient for me to shop on the Internet.
→ To shop on the Internet is very convenient for me.
(網路購物對我而言是很方便的。)
3. It was not easy to do so much homework in half an hour.
→ To do so much homework in half an hour was not easy.
(在半小時內要做這麼多的功課是不容易的。)
It is adj. + to V … 做……是……的 (代表建議的句型)
【說明】(1) it 在句中為虛主詞，代替原本的主詞 to V …。
(2) It is adj. for sb. + to V… 對某人來說做……是……的
【例句】1. It is dangerous for kids to play with fire.
玩火是很危險的。
2. It is impossible for Joseph to finish the report by Wednesday.
對約瑟夫來說，要在星期三之前完成報告是不可能的。
【練習】(1) 要做這個決定是很困難的。
It was hard for Amy to make the decision.
(2) 跟著你工作一段時間對艾蜜莉來說是件好事。
It is good for Emily to work with you for a while.
It + be/V + adj. + (for somebody) + to V …. （對某人來說）做……是……的
【說明】虛主詞 it 用來代替後面的真主詞 to V，可讓句子看起來更加精簡。
【例句】1. It is dangerous for women to walk alone on the streets at night.
對女性而言，夜晚獨自在街上走很危險。
2. It seems easy for me to find books in the library.
在圖書館找書似乎很容易。
【練習】(1) 透過星座了解人的個性很有趣。
It is interesting to learn about people’s personalities through their horoscope.
(2) 這些折價券值得你保存下來。
It is worthwhile for you to save these discount coupons.
� 分詞構句
� 說明:
形成分詞構句的步驟：
(1)確認前後兩子句的主詞相同；
(2)省略連接詞（and、or、but、so、because 等）；
(3)將其中一子句，或有從屬連接詞子句的主詞省略，並將動詞做變化，主動用
現在分
詞 V-ing，被動用過去分詞 p.p.。
從屬連接詞可保留，如果語意清楚亦可不留，可讓句子精簡。此外，可在分詞前
面加
not 來形成否定。簡化後的分詞構句也可以與主要子句前後互換。
� 例句
1. After she knew her house had been burned down, Mrs. Chen cried so hard.
--> (After) knowing her house had been burned down, Mrs. Chen cried so hard.
在知道她的房子被燒毀之後，陳太太大哭。
2. Tom was licked by a dirty dog, and he felt as if he were living in hell.
--> Licked by a dirty dog, Tom felt as if he were living in hell.
Tom 被一隻髒兮兮的小狗舔，他覺得彷彿活在地獄。
3. Michael didn’t want to wake up his sleeping wife, so he chose to sleep on the sofa.
--> Not wanting to wake up his sleeping wife, Michael chose to sleep on the sofa.
Michael 不想吵醒他熟睡的太太，所以他選擇睡沙發。
否定分詞構句,不可以省略
I. 將表達時間的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語：簡化方式為省略主詞留下動詞的分
詞。
1. 副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，副詞子句可簡化為副詞片語。
a. While I was sitting in class, I felt asleep.
= While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
b. Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
= Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
2. 將時間副詞子句簡化成副詞片語。
a. Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.
= Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends.
b. After Peter (had) finished his homework, he went to bed.
= After finishing his homework, Peter went to bed.
= After having finished his homework, Peter went to bed.
(建議保留 having)
3. More about “While"
a. While I was walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
= While walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
=(刪除連接詞) Walking down the street, I ran into an old friend.
4. About “When" upon=on 介係詞
a. When I reached the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
= Upon(介係詞) reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning
of life.
= On reaching the age of 20, I started to understand the meaning of life.
II. 將表達因果的副詞子句簡化成副詞片語
1. Because Sue didn’t need money, she didn’t take the part-time job.
= Not needing money. Sue didn’t take the part-time job.
2. Because I have seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
= Having seen the movie, I don’t’ want to go again.
3. Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
= (Being) Unable to afford a car, she bout a bicycle.
*也可以簡化後只留下形容詞。
III. 連接詞 and, then 連接的表達也常以分詞構句的方式出現。
1. She got into the room, sat on the ground, and began to cry.
= She got into the room, sitting on the ground, beginning to cry.
2. Many people eat at roadside stands, then they watch people passing by.
= Many people eat at roadside stands, watching people passing by.
3. Mary entered, and she was followed by Tom.
= Mary entered, followed by Tom.
*分詞構句可能留下現在分詞或過去分詞。
IV. 當兩個子句有不同的主詞時，所形成的分詞構句應包含主詞，以免誤解。
1. As the sun had set, we started for home.
= The sun having set, we started for home.
2. Because the dog was running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
= The dog running in front of me, I had to stop my car suddenly.
No matter wh- +..., S + V....
→ Wh-ever +..., S + V....
No matter where you go, don’t forget to keep in touch. → Wherever you go, don’t forget to keep in touch.
No matter how bad the weather is, I will go on a date with you. → However bad the weather is, I will go on a
date with you.
No matter what happens, I will always be there for you. → Whatever happens, I will always be there for you.
任務一: 以上的 No matter… Wherever…However…Whatever… 全部都是__疑問詞_____
詞；它的功能是 ___引導子句_______
課文句型 no matter how與however的用法
No matter how + Adj/Adv + S + V, S + V. →However + Adj/Adv + S + V, S + V.
說明：No matter how...與However...兩者相通，意思為「無論多麼⋯⋯；無論如何地……」，
引導副詞子句。
• No matter how/However f_mou______s a person may be, he or she should be humble.
•No matter how/However c_old_____d the weather is, Ken goes jogging every day.
•No matter how/However h_ar_____d I try, I cannot get up early.
任務二: 以上的空格全部都是__________詞。
課文句型 no matter what與whatever的用法
No matter what + (N) + S + V, S + V.
= Whatever + (N) + S + V, S + V.
說明：(1)No matter what...與Whatever...兩者相通，意思為「無論什麼……」，引導副詞
子句。
• No matter what/Whatever i_nformatio_________n you need, you can always find it on the
Web.
•No matter what/Whatever c__________e you make, you should be responsible for it.
任務三: 以上的空格全部都是____n______詞。
•No matter what/Whatever my parents said, I insisted on studying music abroad.
•No matter what/Whatever we say, he won’t change his mind.
任務四: 以上的框框內全部都是在講一種「假設的條件」
，屬於____假設______ 子句。
(2) whatever 亦可當名詞，作為名詞子句的主詞使用，此時不能用no matter what代換，
因為no matter what所引導的是副詞子句，與名詞子句用法不同。
• Whatever(S主詞)/No matter what happens here will always remain a secret.
任務五: 以上的框框內全部是在講一種「情況」
，屬於__________ 子句。
課文句型 No matter who/when/where...
No matter who + (S) + V, S + V. →Whoever + (S) + V, S + V.
No matter when/where + S + V, S + V. →Whenever/Wherever + S + V, S + V.
No matter which + N + S + V, S + V. →Whichever + N + S + V, S + V.
說明：(1)No matter who/when/where/which...與
Whoever/Whenever/Wherever/Whichever...兩者相通，意思為「無論是誰……／無論何
時……／無論何地……／無論哪個……」。
任務六: 翻譯。
• No matter who/Whoever you are, you should obey the law.
___________________________________
• No matter when/Whenever you come to visit me, I will give you my warmest welcome.
• No matter when/Whenever you leave, don’t forget to turn off the lights.
• No matter where/Wherever you go, you’ll find that human nature is the same.
___________________________________
• No matter which/Whichever dress you wear, you will look pretty.
(2) whoever用法亦可同whatever，作為名詞子句的主詞使用。
• Whoever/No matter who wants to get to the garden must go through the tunnel first.
___________________________________
句型演練
A. 填空題（請在空格內填入whatever/whoever/whenever/however/whichever）：
1. however/
poor (ADJ)you are, you should not ask for pity from others.
2. whoever
wins the speech contest, it will be fine with me.
3. whenever
I see these pictures, I think of those good old days.
4. whatever
you heard from Tommy, he didn’t mean it.
5. whatever
you do for a living, you should take it seriously.
6. whichever
way(N) you take, it will lead you to the city hall.
B. 請依提示字完成句子（請用No matter...開頭）：
1.
with him in case of rain.
2.
mind, and I won’t back down.
3.
I will finish it.
4.
crowded with people.
5.
country’s economy won’t improve much.
(Henry/go), he carries an umbrell
(your opinion/be), I have made up m
(the job/is/hard),
(I/go/soccer game), the stadium is
(the next president/be), the
參考答案：
A.
1. However
2. Whoever
3. Whenever
4. Whatever
5. Whatever
6. Whichever
B.
1. No matter where Henry goes
2. No matter what your opinion is/may be
3. No matter how hard the job is
4. No matter when I go to a soccer game
5. No matter who the next president is/may be
Focal Point 1
S + be + said/believed/thought + to + VR
本單元介紹that子句與不定詞片語之改寫；不定詞以不同的語法來表達「時間」之觀念：如 t
+ VR表「現在」，to + have P.P.表「過去」。
(1) 原基本句型：It is said/believed that + S + V
(3) 改寫句型：S + be said/believed + to have P.P.
(2) 改寫句型：S + be said/believed + to VR
(1) 複習句型：互評 1
○,1 It is + said + that + S + V...（據說……） ○,2 It is + believed + that + S + V...（據
信……）
說明：此句型中「It」為虛主詞，「__ that + S + V..._」為真正主詞。
•
•
•
•
(2)
It is said that Martin was very handsome when he was young.
It is s_ai____d that Lucy won a large sum of money in the lottery.
It is deeply be_______d that too much stress may cause mental diseases.
It is believed t_hat______ experience is the best teacher in the job market.
課文句型：... to VR 指「現在或未來」
(3) 補充句型：... to have P.P.指「過去的事實」或「過去已經發生過的事情」互
評 2
○,1 人／物 + be said + to VR...（據說……）
□指過去
○,2 人／物 + be said + to have P.P. （據說……已……）
□指過去
○,3 人／物 + be believed + to VR...（據信……）
□指現在或未來
□指現在或未來
□指現在或未來
□指過去
○,4 人／物 + be believed + to have P.P. （據信……已……）
□指過去
□指現在或未來
• Adam is said to _be_____ an honest and friendly person.
Adam據說是個誠實友善的人。（指_現在__________）
• The prisoner is said to _have_____ tried to escape from prison.
據說那名囚犯曾嘗試越獄。（指__過去_________）
• Tommy is said to ___have been_____ the boss of several plastic factories.
Tommy據說是幾間塑膠工廠的老闆。（指__過去________）
• Tom is said to have r_esign______ed his position as general manager.
據說Tom已經辭掉總經理的職位了。（指_過去_________）
• Twins are believed to ___have_____ many things in common.
一般相信雙胞胎有很多共通點。（指____現在______）
• Italians are believed to have i__nvent______ed pizza.
一般相信義大利人發明了披薩。（指___過去_______）
(4) 補充句型：... to VR 指「現在」互評 3
○,1 人／物 + be rumored + to VR...（據謠傳……） ○,2 人／物 + be reported + to
VR...（據報導……）
• The young manager is r_epot________ed to visit the famous bar every day after
work.
上面這句翻譯: ______據報導這年輕的經理每天下班後會去有名的酒吧
_________________________________________________________________
• The billionaire is rumored to own______ several islands in the South Pacific.
• An old lady is r_ umor_________ed to have seventy cats in her house.
• The movie star is reported to possess five luxury vehicles.
(5) 補充句型：... to have P.P.指「過去」互評 4
○,1 人／物 + be rumored + to have P.P.
○,2 人／物 + be reported + to have P.P.
（據謠傳……已……）
（據報導……已……）
說明：指「過去的事實」或「過去已經發生過的事情」應用 ... to + have P.P.。
• Some species of rare plants are reported to have d__disappeared___________d
from the earth.
上面這句翻譯: __________據報導這些稀有植物已經消失在地球上
_____________________________________________________________
• The child is rumored to have benen_________ saved from drowning by a dog.
• The village is reported to have been buried by a sudden mudslide.
• One-fifth of elephants in Africa are reported to have been killed illegally.
(6) 補充句型：互評 5
Legend/Rumor/Report + has it that + S + V
（據傳說／據謠傳／據報導……）
說明：此句型中的「it」為形式受詞，
「____ Legend/Rumor/Report _____________」
為真正受詞。
• Legend has it that Chinese people set off firecrackers during the Lunar New Year
to frighten off monsters.
• Rumor has it t_hat______ Tom won a jackpot and became a millionaire overnight.
• Report has__it______ that a strong cold wave coming down from Mongolia will
threaten Taiwan next week.
補充練習互評 6
A. 改寫句子
1. It is said that some animals are able to sense natural disasters ahead of time.
→ Some animals
is said to be able to sense natural disasters ahead of time..
2. It is said that he has made a lot of money in business.
→ He
.
3. It is said that she was a movie star in her youth.
→ She
.
4. It is believed that he has come from a poor family.
→ He
.
5. It is believed that the pilot was killed in the crash.
→ The pilot
B. 引導式翻譯互評 7
.
1. 據說他以前曾在非洲當醫療志工。(medical volunteer)
He is said to have been a medical volunteer in Africa.
1. 人們相信他曾經是個藝術家。
He is believed
___
___________
.
3. 據說大陸沙塵暴下星期會到達臺北。
A sandstorm from China
4. 據報導，北極熊數量正快速減少。(decrease)
.
The polar bear population is
reported
.
5. 謠傳她在鄉下養了許多流浪狗。(keep, raise, street dog)
She is
rumored
參考答案：
A. 1. are said to be able to sense natural disasters ahead of time
2. is said to have made a lot of money in business
3. is said to have been a movie star in her youth
4. is believed to have come from a poor family
.
5. is believed to have been killed in the crash
B. 1. to have been a medical volunteer in Africa
2. to have been an artist
3. is said to arrive in Taipei next week
4. to be decreasing sharply
5. to keep a lot of stray dogs in the country
(p.86)
Example
● No matter what the origins may be, cosplay is now popular all over the world.