P______L
EXPECTATIONS
 Define what parallel structure is;
 Identify parallel structure and faulty
parallelism; and
 Use parallel structures in composing
well-constructed sentences.
PRE-TEST
To check what you already know about the lesson, answer the tasks
below. This will be your first step towards understanding and mastery of the
lesson. Take a deep breath and begin!
A. Directions: Read each statement well. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if
it is FALSE. If the statement is FALSE, write the word or phrase that makes it
incorrect. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
_________ 1. Parallel structure or parallelism is the use of similar pattern of
structure or form in a sequence.
_________ 2. The use of parallel structure gives clarity, harmony and imbalance in
expressing ideas.
__________3. A faulty parallelism occurs when the structures or forms of words are
the same or similar.
__________4. Parallel elements or ideas can be joined by coordinating conjunctions
and, and or.
PRE-TEST
B. Directions: Read the following sentences carefully.
Identify whether the following sentences contain parallel
structure or faulty parallelism. Write PS for parallel structure
and FP for faulty parallelism on the Answer Sheet provided.
1. The minister works efficiently, precise and diligently.
2. Writing poetry and to compose music are two of my
favorite hobbies.
3. Surprised and excited, she joined the conference.
PRE-TEST
C. Directions: Construct sentences using the following
elements. Encircle the parallel elements.
1. Parallel adjectives
_______________________________________________
__________________
2. Parallel infinitive phrase
_______________________________________________
________________
3. Parallel nouns
_______________________________________________
_________________
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: Part of a Whole
Direction: Read the sentences below. Examine the highlighted words and the way they are formed in relation to
the ideas they conveyed. Then, list down words that have similar structuresto complete the table.
complete
just
lasting
peace
prosperity
nonsexism
nonracialism
democracy
for justice
for place
peace
prosperity
for human dignity
nonsexism
for national
reconciliation
for nation
building
nonracialism
for the birth of
a new world
democracy
complete
just
lasting
What is Parallel Structure?
 Parallel structure is also called parallelism.
 It means using the same pattern of words to
show that two or more ideas have the same
level of importance.
 The pattern can be at the word, phrase, or
clause level.
 The usual way to join parallel structure is with
the use of coordinating conjunctions such
as “and” and “or”.
Examples
1. Alphonse brings pens, erasers and
calculators in the examination room.
(word level, plural nouns)
2. The students will clean the rooms, paint the
walls, and fix the doorknobs.
(phrase level, verb phrase)
3. They left the session after they had submitted
the proposals and when the payment
was made. (clause level, adverbial clause)
What is Faulty Parallelism?
When should parallel structure be used?
Parallel Structure can be used effectively in writing:
 Lists
Example: The book contains these parts: table of contents, title page, appendix and glossary.
 Infinitives (to + verb)
Example: To read a book and to write a poem are my favorite hobbies.
OR To read a book and write a poem are my favorite hobbies.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first
one.)
 Words ending with “-ing”
Example: Structuring parts of a composition and correcting pieces of information
are needed in effective writing.
When should parallel structure be used?
 Coordinating conjunctions in a sentence
Examples: The students like painting, writing and playing sports.
Coordinating Conjunction
Vito may paint, write or play sports in the event. Coordinating
Conjunction
 Multiple clauses in a sentence or paragraph
Example: The trainer told the contestants that they should get a lot
of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should
do some practice drills before the competition.
ACTIVITY 2: Nay or Yay?
Direction: Read the sentences below carefully. Determine whether each sentence
has parallel
structure. Write YAY if the sentence has a parallel structure and NAY if it has faulty
parallelism.
Write your answer on the Answer Sheet provided.
1. Alphonse loves reading novels, short stories and poems.
2. The students are required to listen attentively, taking down notes and to behave
nicely during the webinar.
3. The teachers drafted the outline, wrote the essay and prepared the test.
4. To write poetry and composing music have a relaxing effect.
5. The class was assigned to deliver a speech and debating.
6. Everyone’s dreams are to finish school and to become successful.
7. To see is to believe, while to do is believing.
8. The school provides an environment of learning, fun and discovering.
9. Weekends are for resting and for bonding with loved ones.
10. Laughter and crying are good for the heart.
ACTIVITY 3: Finders Keepers
Direction: Complete the sentences correctly by finding the parallel elements in the pool of words
below. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
1. The restaurant has a good view, __________
and sumptuous food.
2. Felice takes good care of her body, rests well,
and _________.
3. In the room, the class was __________,
preparing their props and rehearsing their line
before they perform in the event.
4. Will she attend the party or __________.
5. Neither of them was __________ nor
performing in the competition.
ACTIVITY 4: Align the Parallels
Direction: Construct sentences using the parallel elements
below. Write your answer on the space provided on the
Answer Sheet.
1. Parallel Nouns:
__________________________________________
2. Parallel Adjectives:
__________________________________________
3. Parallel Phrases:
__________________________________________
REMEMBER
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Direction: Answer the questions below. Write the answer on
the space provided on the Answer Sheet.
1. What is parallel structure or parallelism?
2. Differentiate parallel structure to faulty
parallelism.
3. In what situations parallel structures are
usually used? (Provide 2)
POST TEST
A. Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE. If the statement is
FALSE, write the word or phrase that makes it incorrect. Use the space provided on the
Answer Sheet.
1. Faulty parallelism happens when patterns of words in a
sequence or a list is not parallel or the same.
2. Conjunctions are used to join parallel parts in a
sentence with similar ideas.
3. Parallel structure can be in a pattern of words, phrases
and clauses.
4. The usual way to join parallel structure is with the use of
coordinating conjunctions such as
“and” and “or.
POST TEST
B. Directions: Identify whether the following sentences contain parallel structure or faulty
parallelism. Write PS for parallel structure and FP for faulty parallelism in the space
provided on the Answer Sheet.
____1. Marco looked for me in the library, at the
corridor and behind the school.
____2. I will bring my complete, clear and
accurately notes.
____3. She does not only study well, but also work
hard.
POST TEST
C. Directions: Construct sentences using the following
elements. Encircle the parallel elements.
1. Parallel adjectives in a list
____________________________________________________
2. Parallel infinitives using “and”
______________________________________________________
3. Parallel nouns using “or”
_____________________________________________________________
REFLECTION
As this module ends, reflect on your journey in learning the
lesson and surpassing the challenging tasks by answering the
thought bubbles below.