THE WILL, IN PHILOSOPHY
AND PSYCHOLOGY, IS A TERM
USED TO DESCRIBE THE FACULTY
OF MIND THAT IS ALLEGED TO
STIMULATE
MOTIVATION
OF
PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY.
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1.FREEDOM OF CHOICE
(HORIZONTAL
FREEDOM
2.FUNDAMENTAL
OPTIONS (VERTICAL
FREEDOM)
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OUR FIRST AND COMMONLY UNDERSTOOD
EXPERIENCE OF FREEDOM IS THE ABILITY TO
CHOOSE, GOODS. BUT IF WE REFLECT DEEPER, OUR
CHOICES IMPLIES A PRIOR OR MAY LEAD TO A
PREFERENCE OF VALUES. WHEN YOU CHOOSE TO
STUDY INSTEAD OF PLAYING, YOU VALUE LEARNING
MORE THAN PLEASURE. THIS FREEDOM IS CALLED
FUNDAMENTAL OPTIONS, BECAUSE IT IS OUR
GENERAL DIRECTION OR ORIENTATION IN LIFE, IT
REFLECTS OUR VALUE IN LIFE. IT IS CALLED VERTICAL
FREEDOM, BECAUSE VALUES FROM HEIRARCHY;
SOME VALUES ARE HIGHER THAN OTHERS. FOR
GERMAN
PHENOMENOLOGIST
MAX
SCHELER,
1.IT IS LOVE WHICH MAKES ME A
PERSON, WHICH MAKES ME
TRULY FREE.
2.FREEDOM OF CHOICE AND
FUNDAMENTAL OPTIONS ARE
INTERRALATED. OUR CHOICES
SHAPE OUR FUNDAMENTAL
OPTIONS, AND OUR
FUNDAMENTAL OPTIONS IS
EXERCISED AND CONRETIZED
IN OUR PARTICULAR CHOICES.
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RESPONSIBILITY IS THE OTHER SIDE OF
THE FREEDOM.
1. ACCOUNTABILITY
2. RESPONSE-ABILITY – THIS MEANS THE
ABILITY TO GIVE AN ACCOUNT, THE ABILITY
TO JUSTIFY ACTION AS TRULY RESPONSIVE
TO THE OBJECTIVE DEMANDS OF THE
SITUATION.
JUSTICE IS WHAT IS DUE TO THE OTHER.
THE RELATION BETWEEN FREEDOM AND
JUSTICE CAN BE SEEN WHEN WE TAKE INTO
CONSIDERATION IN THE NETWORK OF
RELATIONSHIPS
WITH
FELLOW
HUMAN
BEINGS AND THE GOODS INTENDED BY
FREEDOM. IT IS APPLICABLE TO SOCIETY,
THAT THERE MUST BE A BALANCE OF
FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. THIS MEANS THAT
THERE MUST BE STRUCTURAL ORDER IN
SOCIETY SUCH THAT HIGHER VALUES ARE
ALL OUR ACTIONS (SPOKEN AND
PHYSICAL) HAVE CONSEQUENCES.
SOME ARE GOOD (POSITIVE) AND
SOME
ARE
BAD
(NEGATIVE).
CONSEQUENCES ARE A RESULT OR
AN EFFECT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO TRY
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TO BEHAVE IN A WAY THAT
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES.
IS
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FREEDOM IN GENERAL MEANS
THE ABSENCE OF RESISTANT. THERE
ARE
DIFFERENT
RESTRAINTS
AND
KINDS
OF
FREEDOM.
PHYSICAL
FREEDOM
IS
THE
ABSENCE
OF
PHYSICAL
RESTRAINTS. WHEN A PRISONER IS
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RELEASED FROM A PRISON, HE IS A
PHYSICALLY FREE, SINCE HE IS NO
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MORAL FREEDOM IS THE
ABSENCE
OF
MORAL
RESTRAINTS,
OF
AN
OBLIGATION, OF A LAW. THUS,
IN THIS COUNTRY WE ARE
MORALLY FREE TO CRITICIZE
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THE GOVERNMENT.
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THE GREAT MAJORITY OF THE MEN
BELIEVE THAT THEIR WILL IS FREE.
THIS
CONVICTION
IS
OF
THE
UTMOST PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE
FOR THE WHOLE OF HUMAN LIFE.
THEREFORE, IF THERE IS IN THE
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WORLD, THE MAJORITY OF MANKIND
CANNOT BE WRONG IN THIS BELIEF.
HENCE, THE WILL IS FREE.
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• MOST PEOPLE NATURALLY
HOLD THAT THE WILL IS FREE.
MEN ARE DIRECTLY AND
INDIRECTLY AWARE OF THEIR
FREEDOM IN THE VERY ACT OF
MAKING A FREE DECISION;
THEY ARE INDIRECTLY AWARE
OF IT BECAUSE OF THE MANY
INSTANCES OF THE BEHAVIOUR
WHICH CAN ONLY BE
EXPLAINED BY ADMITTING THE
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• IF THERE IS NO FREEDOM,
THERE IS NO MORAL
RESPONSIBILITY, NO VIRTUE,
NO MERIT, NO MORAL
OBLIGATION, NO DUTY, NO
MORALITY. THE NECESSARY
CONDITION BETWEEN
FREEDOM AND THE SPIRITUAL
REALITIES IS OBVIOUS AND IS
DEMONSTRATED IN ETHICS.
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THE
ABILITY
TO
EXERCISE ONE’S FREEDOM
IN ANY MANNER IS CALLED
FREEDOM OF CHOICE. BY
LAW, ALL HUMAN BEINGS
ARE ENTITLED TO MAKES
DECISIONS
FOR
THEMSELVES IN WHATEVER
WAY THEY CHOOSE TO.
PITCH DECK
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PRUDENCE IS AN ACT OF
MAKING GOOD JUDGEMENT
THAT ALLOWS PERSON TO
AVOID
RISKS.
IT
IS
IMPORTANT TO BE PRUDENT
AT ALL TIMES TO PREVENT
ANY HARM THAT A DECISION
BECAUSE
MAKING
CHOICES INVOLVES VARIOUS
OPTIONS,
REALIZED
IT
SHOULD BE
FROM
THE
BEGINNING
THAT
SOME
THINGS WILL EVENTUALLY BE
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GIVEN UP IN EXCHANGE FOR
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