7/8 TLE – Technology and Livelihood Education- Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode Module 1: Select and Use Farm Tools and Equipment First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Inilathala ng Kagawaran ng Edukasyon, Sangay ng Palawan Pansangay na Tagapamanihala ng mga Paaralan: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI Pangalawang Pansangay na Tagapamanihala ng mga Paaralan: Loida Palay- Adornado, Ph.D. Felix M. Famaran Development Team of the Module Writers: Elma C. Palen Editors: Elizabeth E. Mallari Reviewers: Illustrator: Lucy P. Santiago Layout Artist: Elma C. Palen Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez Rodgie S. Demalinao Clemencia G. Paduga Elizabeth E. Mallari Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Kagawaran ng Edukasyon – MIMAROPA Region – Sangay ng Palawan Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City Telephone (048) 433-6392 E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph Website: www.depedpalawan.com ii 7/8 iii Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the TLE- Agri – Fishery Arts (Crop Production 7/8) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module –Select and Use Farm Tools and Equipment This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to the TLE- Agri - Fishery Arts (Crop Production) 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Select and Use Farm Tools and Equipment This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Need to Know iv What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: v References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! What I Need to Know This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to select and use farm tools and equipment. Unit of Competency: USE OF FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE (UT) TLE_912UT-0a-1 Nominal Duration: 5 days Modules Lesson: USE OF FARM TOOLS MAINTENANCE (UT) AND EQUIPMENT Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this module, you are expected to: LO 1. Select and use farm tools and equipment 1.1. Identify farm tools and equipment according to use 1.2.Conduct pre-operation check-up in line the manufacturer’s manual vi AND AND 1.3.Use appropriate tools and equipment for the job requirement according to manufacturer’s specifications and instructions Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson. What I Know A. Identification. Identify the following tools and equipment being used in agricultural crop production. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 1 Lesson 1.1 Identify Farm Tools and Equipment According to Use Are you familiar with the garden tools used in weeding, planting and cultivating plants? The process of raising plants can be achieved by using the appropriate hand tools and equipment. A small garden can be handled/managed with just few tools but it is recommended to have a a collection of tools and equipment for efficiency in your crop plant production. In this lesson, we will focus on the use of appropriate tools and equipment in crop production. What’s In 1. What garden tools are available in your home? 2. List down and give its functions. What’s New Activity 1. Read and Study. Achieve - to obtain through effort Pulverize – to reduce to fine particles Weeding – removing weeds in the soil Transplanting – planting seedlings from the seed boxes to the garden plots or field Shallow – lacking significant physical health Lengthen – to make longer Farm tools – are instrument we use in the farm to aid us in farm work, thereby making it easy. Hand tools – is any tool that is powered by hand rather than a motor Farm equipment – is any kind of machinery used on a farm to help with farming 2 What is It FARM TOOLS FOR GROWING VEGETABLE CROP A. Tools used in clearing the land for planting Bolo – used for cutting grass, uprooting weeds and chopping branches of trees Axe – used to cut trees and shrubs Pick Axe – used to break up soil crusts, cultivate and uproot root stocks Sickle – used to cut talahib, cogon and touch me not weeds B. Tools for digging and pulverizing soil Crow bar – used for deep digging in hard soil Heavy Hoe – used in pulverizing the soil Shovel – used for shoveling loose materials, removing trash and moving soil from one place to another Spade – used to used for digging and breaking soil and for removing trash or soil in the canal C. Tools and equipment for cultivating the soil and for scraping grass Hand Fork – used for cultivating and weeding for backyard gardening 3 Hand Grass Scraper – used in pulverizing the soil Trowel – used for loosening soil around the plant and applying fertilizer or manure in the soil Rake – used for cleaning the ground and leveling the topsoil D. Equipment used for measuring Meter stick – used to measure the appropriate depth of planting seeds Cord or string – used to measure and mark the distance at which seeds should be planted E. Equipment for watering plants Water hose – used to water plants in bigger area and far from source of water Water pail – used to bring water to the row of garden plots Sprinkler – used to water the seedlings in the seedboxes. F. Equipment used for loading and transporting garden materials Wheel barrow - used for hauling trash, manure, fertilizer and harvested crops Wooden box - used to haul seedlings for transplanting G. Miscellaneous tools and equipment Hammer - used to make and repair seed boxes Pliers - used to repair other tools 4 Sieve - used in shifting the soil medium Balance - used to weigh the right amount of fertilizer to be applied to the plants FARM IMPLEMENTS Plows - a large farming with blades that digs the soil in fields so that seeds can be planted Harrow – a large piece of equipment that is pull behind a tractor (a farm vehicle) to break the earth into small pieces ready for planting Rotavator - a machine with rotating blades for breaking up or tilling the soil FARM EQUIPMENT Common Equipment in Land Preparation Hand Tractor - is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of land. Four Wheel Tractor – is used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger area of land. 5 Common Equipment in Irrigating the Farm Water Pump – is used to draw irrigation water from a source. What’s More Direction: Draw sample picture of farm tools, implements and equipment. Provide a summary which presents the tools, implements & equipment according to its classification. A sample guide is provided for you. Name of Farm Tools Classification Use Tools used in clearing the Used for cutting grass, land for planting uprooting weeds, chopping branches of trees A. Tools in clearing the land for planting. Draw at least two (2) pictures. Name of Farm Tools Classification Use B. Tools for digging and pulverizing the soil. Draw at least two (2) pictures. Name of Farm Tools Classification Use C. Tools and equipment for cultivating the soil for scraping grass. Draw at least three (3) pictures. Name of Farm Tools Classification Use 6 Congratulations for a job well done! You may now proceed to the next activity. What I Have Learned Open Ended Question. Complete the statement below. Before, I thought that using farm tools ___________________________________________________________________. Now, I have learned that using tools are __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. What I Can Do DEMONSTRATING THE USE OF FARM TOOLS Farm Tools: • Land preparation tools • Watering tools Instructions: As a learner, you are expected to perform the given tasks: A. Make a list of farm tools used in • Land preparation • Watering A.1. Write the function of each tool. A.2. Compile the listings in one folder for submission. B.1. Identify the tools in land preparation and select one tool and demonstrate its use. B.2. Identify the tools in watering plant and select one tool and demonstrate its use. 7 While performing the activity, you are required to document your performance (take pictures or video). Your performance will be graded/ assessed based on this rubric. Score Criteria List of tools are completed Function of tools are correctly stated Appropriate farm tools are identified and selected according to use Farm tool checked for faults and defective are reported in accordance with farm procedures Appropriate tools are safely used according to job requirements and manufacturers’ conditions Use of tools was properly demonstrated Interpretation of Scores: 16 – 20 11 – 15 6 – 10 5 and below - 20 15 10 5 Excellent output Very good Fair output Poor output Assessment A. Multiple Choice. Directions: Read the questions carefully and select the best answer. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. Which of the following is an example of tools in cleaning the land? a. Axe c. Light hoe b. Crowbar d. Trowel 2. Which tool does not belong to the group? a. Bolo c. Spade b. Shovel d. Spading Fork 3. Which of the following tools is used to transplant seedling to seed boxes? a. Transplanting trowel c. Shovel b. Trowel d. Spade 4. What tool is used to bring water to the row of garden plots. a. Sprinkler c. Water pail b. Water hose d. Watering can 5. Which among the miscellaneous tools and equipment is used to repair other tools? a. Balance c. Pliers b. Hammer d. Sieve 8 B. Matching Type. Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with the description in Column B. Write your answer in your activity notebook. ____1. a. a machine with rotating blades for breaking up or tilling the soil ___ 2. b. a large piece of equipment that is pull behind a tractor (a farm vehicle) break the earth into small pieces ready planting ____3. c. a large farming with blades that digs the soil in fields so that seeds can be planted Additional Activities Directions: Make a list of different farm tools, implements & equipment that may be found in your home. Identify the function of each and determine whether or not this can be used in health environment. Name of Tools / Implement / Equipment Function Can it be used in health environment? (Yes / No) Congratulations! You did a great job! Good luck as you move on to the next lesson. 9 Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson. What I Know Directions: Read and analyze the statement. Write T if the statement is correct and write F if it is incorrect. 1. Tools that are used frequently for cutting like bolo, axe, and sickle must be sharpened regularly. 2. In case some parts are broken or destroyed, they should not be repaired immediately. 3. Tools that have iron parts should be oiled or painted with rust proof paint. 4. After using the tools, they should not be cleaned before returning to the tool rack. 5. The tools when not in use must be kept in a tool rack. Lesson 1.2 Conduct Pre-operation Check-up in line with the Manufacturer’s Manual Are you conducting the pre-operation check-up in any available tools, implements and equipment in your house? It is required to conduct a pre-operation check-up before using tools, implements & equipment to ensure our safety. In this lesson, we will focus on the use of appropriate tools and equipment in crop production including the pre-operation check-up in line with the manufacturer’s manual. What’s In Answer the following questions: 1. What are the tools used in clearing the land? Give the specific uses of the tools. 10 What’s New Activity 1. Read and Study. Durable – able to last and be used for a long time without becoming damaged. Preventive – preventing or slowing the course of an illness or disease. Lubricate – to use a substance such as oil to make a machine operate more easily, or to prevent something sticking or rubbing. Manual – is a book which tells you how to do something or how a piece of machinery work. Machineries – a machine or (mechanical device) is a mechanical structure that uses the power to apply forces and control movements to perform an intended action. What is It PRE-OPERATIVE CHECK-UP OF FARM TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT Farm tools and equipment helps to make farm work easier and effective. They are designed to perform a specific function. The design and shape of the tools and equipment should be given proper attention if they are to do their function for which they are made. CARE OF GARDEN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 1. Sharpen tools before and after use. When you sharpen tools, it reduces the amount of force you need to apply to accomplish the task. Blunt tools may break when being used. 2. Oil or grease metal parts This will prevent rust of metal parts of tools and equipment. Lubricating/oiling the movable parts makes the tools easy to work with. It also increases the efficiency of the tool and equipment. 3. Wooden handles should be strong Make sure tools with wooden handles are strong and durable. If there is any defect, replace them. 4. Hang your garden tools Keep your tools hanged, leaving them on the floor can cause rust as they may in contact with moisture. Living the tools in the floor may cause also injury to person or persons stepping on them or it may be broken or deformed once stepped on causing them to be unsuitable for work. 5. Store tools in their original cases Some tools and equipment come in their special cases to keep them protected for damage. Make sure to clean and keep them in their original cases. 11 6. Dry tools after use After using tools or equipment, make sure they are cleaned and dried before packing or hanging them to prevent rusting. CARE OF FARM IMPLEMENTS Farm implements, like ordinary plow and wooden harrow, should be checked thoroughly before use. The following are pointers in checking farm implements: 1. Loosened bolts and nuts should be tightened firmly. 2. Disc plow and harrow should be lubricated on their moving parts like bearings. FARM MACHINERIES PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE TIPS Regular upkeep of farms machineries and equipment can make a big difference. A quick check in before you start work can save you money not to mention the time and energy needed for a big repair. Here are some few ideas that can help you to spot small problems or big ones. 1. Read the owner’s manual Know about your equipment. 2. Reduce wear and tear Lubricating chairs and cables according to the manufacturer’s direction is another way to extend your equipment’s life span. 3. Pressure wash after use Mud caking up on the inside of wheel is more than a mess. It can increase rust and erode enamel coating on your rims. So take a few minutes to rinse off your equipment particularly tractor. 4. Order spare parts now If you know that certain parts will need to be replaced, order those parts now. Having these items on hand when you need them can mean you’ve cut out the time spent waiting for delivery. PRE-OPERATIVE CHECK UP FOR TRACTORS New and experience growers alike may often overtook the importance of regular equipment check up during the heat of the season. Before starting the tractor, go through the following checklist items: 1. Fuel level Make sure you have sufficient fuel in the tank. 2. Check your battery Make sure that the battery terminals are not corroded. 3. Check your tires air pressure and make sure that the nuts are tight. If you notice you have low tire pressure, look for air leakage from around the valve stem. 4. Loose on defective parts Take time to really examine the tractor to look for loose or defective parts such as frayed or worn fan belt. Replace, tighten or make necessary repairs before heading out to the field. 12 5. SMU emblem If your SMU emblem is faded or distorted in color or shape, it is time to replace it with a new SMU to increase your visibility to others. 6. Fluid leak Look for any fluid leaks on the ground beneath the tractor. Also check fluid levels for coolant, engine oil and hydraulic oil levels as well. You can do some very serious damage to your tractor if you run out of these fluid. 7. Operators platform area You may spend much of your day on the operator plat form, so check the steps to make sure you can get safely on and off the tractor. Examine the area around the seat to make sure it is clear of debris or tools that could cause you to tip. You should have a ROPS on your tractor, so always make sure your seatbelt is operable & that you buckle it. 8. Fire extinguisher Check your fire extinguisher to make sure it is charged. 9. Lightning / flashers Check headlights and warning lights / flashes to make sure all of the lights are working and replace bulbs if necessary. 10. Visibility from operative seat Clean any dirty cab windows to provide the best visibility for you from the operation seat. What’s More Directions: Walk around your house and list down Ten (10) agricultural farm tools that you may find. Identify if the tools are in good condition or defective. If tools are defective what would you recommend. Follow the sample format. Name of Tools spade Spading fork Good condition Defective Parts √ handle √ blade √ bolo Name of Tools Action Taken Good condition Defective 13 Parts Replacement handle Sharpening of Action Taken Congratulations for a job well done! You may now proceed to the next activity. What I Have Learned Fill in the blanks with the correct word or group of words to complete the statement. Pre-operative Check-up for Tractor 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Before starting the tractor, make sure you have ________________ in tank. Make sure that they __________________ are not corroded. ___________ your tires air pressure and make sure that the nuts are tight. __________, tighten or make necessary repairs before heading out to the field. If your ___________ is faded or distorted in color or shape. What I Can Do In your home, Demonstrate Pre-Operative Check-up of Farm Tools 1. Greasing and sharpening of pruning shear Instructions: Procedure: 1. Before sharpening, check the pivot nut. If loose, tighten the pivot nut. With the nut tightened, check the tool if it cuts cleanly. If it cuts cleanly, it doesn’t need sharpening. If it cuts poorly, check its blade to make sure it is not bent. If the blade is slightly bent, loosen the pivot nut and separate the blade. 2. File the edge to expose clean metal. 3. Sand the back side of the blade. 4. Perform housekeeping. 14 While performing the activity, you are required to document your performance (take pictures or video). Your performance will be assessed based on this rubric. SCORE CRITERIA Completeness/Accuracy The safety precautions are properly observed Housekeeping is performed accordingly 20 15 10 5 Interpretation of Scores: 16-20 – Excellent output 11-15 – Very good 6-10 – Fair output 5 and below – Poor output Assessment Directions: Read and analyze the statements. Write T if the statement is correct and write F if it is incorrect. 1. When you sharpen tools, it reduces the amount of force you need to apply to accomplish the task. 2. Oiling or greasing metal parts will not prevent rusts. 3. Make sure tools with wooden handles are strong and durable. 4. Leave your tools on the floor after use. 5. Store tools in their original cases. 6. Dry tools after use. 7. A quick check in before you start work can save time and money. 8. Do not read the owner’s manual. 9. Make sure that the battery terminals are not corroded. 10. Check your tires before and after use. Additional Activities MONITORING THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Materials needed: • • • Ballpen Bond paper Farm Tools 15 Instructions In your home, you will be making an inventory of available farm tools reflecting the conditions of all the tools. 1. 2. 3. 4. Make a list of all tools available in your home. Create a checklist of all the tools reflecting its regular or periodic check-up. Make a checklist reflecting its condition. Compile it in one folder for submission. List of Tools Schedule of Check-up Regular Periodic Condition Congratulations! You did a great job! Good luck as you move on to the next lesson. 16 Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson. What I Know ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: 1. Give at least two farm equipment that is used in land preparation. (2 points) 2. Give at least four farm equipment used in harvesting, threshing, milling and drying. (4 points) 3. Give the specific uses and functions of the following: a. Hand Tractor (2 points) b. Harvester (2 points) Lesson Use 1.3 Appropriate Tools and Equipment for the Job Requirement According to Manufacturer’s Specifications and Instructions Now that you have successfully identified different farm tools used in Agricultural Crop Production, it is a must to master the proper utilization of each and learn the procedures in operating them. What’s In Answer the questions below. 1. What are the ways to consider in performing pre-operative check-up for farm tools? 2. Does it really need to conduct a pre-operative check-up before using the farm tools? 17 What’s New Activity 1. Read and Study. Utilization – the action of making practical and effective use of something Sow – to put seeds in or on the ground so that plants will grow Ambient – (especially of environmental conditions) existing in the surrounding area. Maize – a tall plant grown in many parts of the world for its yellow seeds, which are eaten as food, made into flour, or fed to animals. What is It OPERATING FARM EQUIPMENT ACCORDING SPECIFICATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO MANUFACTURER’S FARM EQUIPMENT Common Equipment in Land Preparation Step by Step Procedure in Using Hand Tractor 1.Check engine tank if fuel is in proper level. 2.Check engine oil if it is on proper level. 3.Adjust accelerator control higher than neutral. 4.Adjust air control of engine. 5.Switch on the ignition system. 6. Set the transmission lever in neutral to make sure that the engine is disengaged with the mounted implement. 7. Start the hand tractor engine by pulling the starting. 8.In case the engine is mounted with engine starter system, switch on the starter button. 9.Allow the engine to warm up before using the hand tractor for operation. 10.Shift to the desired transmission level to first gear to start the operation. 18 11.Proceed with the farm operational and adjust transmission gears to the desired speed and direction. Step by Step Procedure in Using Four Wheel Tractor Start the tractor only from the operator’s platform. 2. Check the power take off controls to make sure that they are disengaged and that the transmission is in neutral and the clutch depressed. 3. Start the engine following recommended starting procedures in your operator’s manual. 4. Allow the engine to warm up before starting to work with it. 5. Check all the instruments. Make sure that the battery is charging. 1. Shutting down the engine 1.Always allow an engine to cool down at a fast idle before shutting it off. 2.After shutting off, refill the fuel tank when the tractor has cooled a bit. Common Equipment in Irrigating the Farm Step by Step Procedure in Using Water Pump 1. Add oil and fuel first. 2. Turn on the switch. 3. Turn on the fuel switch and the choke lever. 4. Make pump body full of water. 5. Start the pump off the choke lever. 19 Common Equipment in Harvesting, Threshing, Drying and Milling Step by step Procedure in using Harvester 1. Start the engine. 2. Increase the engine speed by the accelerator lever. 3. Raise the header. 4. Put the range shift lever to the appropriate position. 5. Push forward the main shift lever from “N” slowly to move the machine. Step by step Procedure in using Thresher 1. Start the engine. 2. Load the feed tray with harvested crop with the panicle away from the operator. 3. Feed the crop at a uniform rate. Adjust the feed rate to match the condition of the material. Maintain maximum feeding rate without overloading the engine. Step by step Procedure in using Mechanical Dryer 1. Load the dryer with wet paddy considering the minimum load. Do not overload. 2. When wet paddy moisture contents are mixed, aerate or circulate the grain for 15 to 30 minutes before turning the heater on to reduce broken grains. 3. In a batch dryer with more than 30 cm. grain depth, mix the grain at least once for more even drying. 4. Monitor grain temperature and moisture content to prevent excess temperature and over drying. 5. Dry paddy after harvest to 18% moisture content for storage up to two weeks. 6. Dry paddy for milling to 14% moisture content. Drying below 14% reduces weight and milling yield. 20 Step by step Procedure in using RICE MILLER 1. Fix the machine frame on the plain ground and install on the frame the rice mill machine, grinding machine and power supply (electric motor or diesel engine). 2. Installation of belt pulley system. Before putting on the safety, cover it to make sure that all the belt pulleys are in a same level and belt position is just proper (not to tight, not too loose). Normally, when pressing the belt, the movement distance could be 2-25mm. When turning the belt pulleys, all of them should be flexible and without abnormal noise. 3. Open the rice mill cover to check if the milling roller and milling knives are all in well position. Normally on entrance side the gap between milling roller and knife is 3mm while on the exit side the gap is 2.5mm. 4. Before exact processing work, please put the machine in empty running for 3-5 minutes to make sure the electric motor or diesel engine are working in good condition and in correct direction. 5. After starting, please slowly take off the block board on milling entrance to allow the processing quantity increased step by step and to test the milled rice quality by adjusting the entrance pressure. 6. In case you need a terminal of the machine during the processing, close the milling entrance first and wait till the milling is finished before the actual turning off of the machine. LAND PREPARATION USING PLOW AND HARROW Plowing – is the process of breaking up the soil usually 15 cm deep to incorporate and cover inorganic matter. It can be accomplished with a power tiller or mold board plow hitch to a carabao. To prepare the land for plowing follow these steps: 1. Remove from the field anything that may cause injury to the plow men and farm animals or damaged to the implement. 2. Cut tall grasses and remove stubbles that make interfere with plowing. 3. In irrigated fields, flood the field 2 to 7 days before plowing to soften the soil. Keep the surface of the soil covered with water to prevent the soil from sticking. 21 Harrowing – leveling can best be accomplished by leaving just enough water in the field, about 2 to 5 cm to expose the high and low areas. Harrowing is done 2 to 3 times depending on the soil condition. Leveling the field can be done by scraping the mud from high spots moving it to the low areas. A bamboo pole maybe attached to the base of the harrow teeth help in leveling. What’s More A. ARRANGE THE STEPS CHRONOLOGICALLY Directions. Below are the steps on how to operate a harvester (1-7) and a thresher (810). Arrange in sequence the steps by writing the letter A-G) for Harvester and (H-J) for Thresher on the space provided before each number. How to Operate a Harvester _____1. Start the harvester before harvesting. _____2. Choose proper harvesting time. _____3. Adjust the header of the rice harvester. _____4. Control the working speed. _____5. The machine should run straightly. _____6. Made the throttle valve at medium or opening position when harvesting. _____7. Clean and maintain the harvester after harvesting. How to Operate a Thresher _____8. Start the engine. _____9. Load the feed tray with harvested crop with the panicle away from the operator, so it is fed panicle first into the thresher. _____10. Feed the crop at a uniform rate. adjust the feed rate to match the condition of the material, maintain maximum feeding rate without overloading the engine. Congratulations for a job well done! You may now proceed to the next activity. 22 What I Have Learned Completion Type: Fill in the blanks with the correct word or group of words to complete the sentence. Steps in Using Four Wheel Tractor 1. Start the tractor only from the ____________. 2. __________ the power takes off controls to make sure that they are disengaged and that the transmission is in __________ and the clutch ___________. 3. Start the ___________ following recommended starting procedures in your operator’s manual. 4. Allow the engine to ____________ before starting to work with it. Working a _______________ is a major source of contamination of engine oil. Check all the instruments. Make sure that the battery is _____________. Shutting down the engine 1. Always allow an engine to ____________ at a fast idle before shutting it off. 2. After _______________ refill the fuel tank when the tractor has cooled a bit. Make sure that the park brakes are locked. Check that there is no combustible debris near the exhaust system. What I Can Do OPERATING THE FARM EQUIPMENT Directions. Demonstrate Proper Use of Hand Tractor or Plow Instructions: Hand Tractor 1. Check engine tank if fuel is on in proper level. 2. Check engine oil if it is on proper level. 3. Adjust accelerator control higher than neutral. 4. Adjust air control of engine. 5. Switch on the ignition system. 6. Set the transmission lever in neutral to make sure that the engine is disengaged with the mounted implement. 7. Start the hand tractor engine by pulling the starting. 8. In case the engine is mounted with engine starter system, switch on the starter button. Plow 1. Place shoulder strap and breast band on a draft animal. 2. Attach harness to breast band of an animal. 23 3. Connect the plow to the harness. 4. Hold the guide handles and prepare to start plowing. While performing the activity, it is required to document (take pictures or record your performance) and it is also important that you assess your performance following the criteria below: Score Criteria 20 15 10 5 Appropriate tools are safely used according to job requirements and manufacturers’ conditions Demonstrate the step by step procedures by following manufacturer’s manual The step by step procedures are correctly followed The safety precautions are properly observed Interpretation of Scores: 16 – 20 Excellent output 11 – 15 Very good 6 – 10 Fair output 5 and below Poor output 24 Assessment MATCHING TYPE Directions. Match Column A with their functions in Column B. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. Mechanical dryer a. Used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of land 2. Water pump b. Is a farm equipment that threshes grain that is, it removes the seed from the stalks and husks. 3. Hand tractor c. Used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger area of land. 4. Harvester d. Used to dry rice mechanically e. Machine for harvesting crops f. Used to draw irrigation water from a source 25 Additional Activities In a piece of paper, make a reflection regarding the farm equipment that is existing in your community. Congratulations! You did a great job! Good luck as you move on to the next lesson. 26 Pretest 1.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. T F T F T Pretest 1.3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Assessment 1.1. A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A A A C C B. 1. C 2. B 3. A 27 Hand Tractor 4 wheel tractor Harvester Thresher Mechanical Dryer Rice miller Use in preparing the land Use in preparing bigger area land Assessment 1.2 What I have Learned 1.2 1. Sufficient fuel 2. Battery terminals 3. Check 4. Replace 5. SME emblem Pretest 1.1. 1. bolo 2. knapsack sprayer 3. shovel 4. sprinkler 5. harrow 6. wheel barrow 7. plow 8. pick mattock 9. sickle 10.axe 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. T Answer Key References Learning and Living in the 21st Century Learners Material Agricultural Crop Production Grade 10 K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Agricultural Crop Production Exploratory Course Grade 7 & 8 K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Horticulture Exploratory Course Grade 7 & 8 Cambridge Dictionary Wikipedia Dictionary 28